Stapes

Stapes
Frontal view of stapes (A), and view from below (B).
Details
Pronunciation	/ˈsteɪpiːz/
Precursor	second branchial arch
Part of	Middle ear
System	Auditory system
Articulations	Incudostapedial joint
Identifiers
Latin	'stapes'
MeSH	D013199
TA98	A15.3.02.033
TA2	895
FMA	52751
Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

This article is one of a series documenting the anatomy of the
Human ear
Outer ear Auricle Ear canal
Middle ear Tympanic membrane Ossicles Malleus Incus Stapes
Inner ear Vestibules Utricle Saccule Cochlea Semicircular canals
v t e

The stapes or stirrup is a

Structure

The stapes is the third bone of the three

The stapes is one of three ossicles in mammals. In non-mammalian

The stapes appears to be relatively constant in size in different ethnic groups.[6] In 0.01–0.02% of people, the stapedial artery does not regress, and persists in the central foramen.^[7] In this case, a pulsatile sound may be heard in the affected ear, or there may be no symptoms at all.^[8] Rarely, the stapes may be completely absent.^{[9][10]: 262}

Function

Situated between the incus and the inner ear, the stapes transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the oval window, a membrane-covered opening to the inner ear. The stapes is also stabilized by the

Otosclerosis is a congenital or spontaneous-onset disease characterized by abnormal bone remodeling in the inner ear. Often this causes the stapes to adhere to the oval window, which impedes its ability to conduct sound, and is a cause of conductive hearing loss. Clinical otosclerosis is found in about 1% of people, although it is more common in forms that do not cause noticeable hearing loss. Otosclerosis is more likely in young age groups, and females.^[11] Two common treatments are stapedectomy, the surgical removal of the stapes and replacement with an artificial prosthesis, and stapedotomy, the creation of a small hole in the base of the stapes followed by the insertion of an artificial prosthesis into that hole.^{[12] : 661} Surgery may be complicated by a persistent stapedial artery, fibrosis-related damage to the base of the bone, or obliterative otosclerosis, resulting in obliteration of the base.^{[7][10] : 254–262}

History

The stapes is commonly described as having been discovered by the professor

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stapes.

• "3-D Virtual Models of the Human Temporal Bone and Related Structures". Eaton Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology. Retrieved September 8, 2016.

This article uses anatomical terminology.