Star Wars
Star Wars | |
---|---|
Created by | George Lucas |
Original work | Star Wars (1977)[a] |
Owner | Lucasfilm |
Years | 1977 | –present
Print publications | |
Book(s) | List of reference books |
Novel(s) | List of novels |
Short stories | See list of novels |
Comics | List of comics |
Comic strip(s) | See list of comics |
Magazine(s) | Star Wars Insider (1987–present) |
Films and television | |
Film(s) | List of films |
Television series | List of television series |
Television special(s) | See list of television series |
Television film(s) | See list of films |
Games | |
Role-playing | List of RPGs |
Video game(s) | List of video games |
Audio | |
Radio program(s) | List of radio dramas |
Original music | Music |
Miscellaneous | |
Toy(s) | Merchandise |
Theme park attraction(s) | List of attractions |
Star Wars is an American
The original 1977 film, retroactively subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope, was followed by the sequels
All nine films, collectively referred to as the "Skywalker Saga", were nominated for Academy Awards, with wins going to the first two releases. Together with the theatrical live action "anthology" films Rogue One (2016) and Solo (2018), the combined box office revenue of the films equated to over US$10 billion, making Star Wars the third-highest-grossing film franchise of all time.
Premise
The Star Wars franchise depicts the adventures of characters "A long time ago in
The universe of Star Wars is generally similar to the real universe but its laws of physics are less strict allowing for more imaginative stories.
The franchise is set against a backdrop of galactic conflict involving republics and empires, such as the evil
The combination of science fiction and fantasy elements makes Star Wars a very universal franchise, capable of telling stories of various genres.[27]
Films
The Skywalker Saga
Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Screenplay by | Story by | Produced by | Refs. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Original trilogy: Episodes IV–VI | |||||||
Star Wars | May 25, 1977 | George Lucas | Gary Kurtz | [28][29] | |||
The Empire Strikes Back | May 21, 1980 | Irvin Kershner | Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan | George Lucas | [30][31] | ||
Return of the Jedi | May 25, 1983 | Richard Marquand | Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas | Howard Kazanjian | [32][33] | ||
Prequel trilogy: Episodes I–III | |||||||
The Phantom Menace | May 19, 1999 | George Lucas | George Lucas | George Lucas | Rick McCallum | [34] | |
Attack of the Clones | May 16, 2002 | George Lucas and Jonathan Hales | [35][36] | ||||
Revenge of the Sith | May 19, 2005 | George Lucas | [37][38] | ||||
Sequel trilogy: Episodes VII–IX | |||||||
The Force Awakens | December 18, 2015 | J. J. Abrams | Lawrence Kasdan & J. J. Abrams and Michael Arndt | Kathleen Kennedy, J. J. Abrams and Bryan Burk | [32][39] | ||
The Last Jedi | December 15, 2017 | Rian Johnson | Kathleen Kennedy and Ram Bergman | [40][41] | |||
The Rise of Skywalker | December 20, 2019 | J. J. Abrams | Chris Terrio & J. J. Abrams | Derek Connolly & Colin Trevorrow and J. J. Abrams & Chris Terrio | Kathleen Kennedy, J. J. Abrams and Michelle Rejwan | [42][43] |
The Star Wars film series centers around three sets of trilogies, the nine films of which are collectively referred to as the "
Each trilogy focuses on a generation of the
Original trilogy
In 1971,
Star Wars was released on May 25, 1977, and first subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope in the 1979 book Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back was released on May 21, 1980, also achieving wide financial and critical success. The final film in the trilogy, Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, was released on May 25, 1983.
Prequel trilogy
According to producer Gary Kurtz, loose plans for a prequel trilogy were developed during the outlining of the original two films.[58] In 1980, Lucas confirmed that he had the nine-film series plotted,[59] but due to the stress of producing the original trilogy, he had decided to cancel further sequels by 1981.[60] In 1983, Lucas explained that "There was never a script completed that had the entire story as it exists now ... As the stories unfolded, I would take certain ideas and save them ... I kept taking out all the good parts, and I just kept telling myself I would make other movies someday."[61]
Technical advances in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including the ability to create computer-generated imagery (CGI), inspired Lucas to consider that it might be possible to revisit his saga. In 1989, Lucas stated that the prequels would be "unbelievably expensive".[62] In 1992, he acknowledged that he had plans to create the prequel trilogy.[63] A theatrical rerelease of the original trilogy in 1997 "updated" the 20-year-old films with the style of CGI envisioned for the new trilogy.[64]
Episode I: The Phantom Menace was released on May 19, 1999, Episode II: Attack of the Clones on May 16, 2002, and Episode III: Revenge of the Sith on May 19, 2005.[65] The first two films were met with mixed reviews, with the third being received somewhat more positively. Together with the original trilogy, Lucas has referred to the first six episodic films of the franchise as "the tragedy of Darth Vader".[66]
Sequel trilogy
Prior to releasing the original 1977 film, and made possible by its success, Lucas planned "three trilogies of nine films".
Lucas decided to leave the franchise in the hands of other filmmakers, announcing in January 2012 that he would make no more Star Wars films.[75] That October, the Walt Disney Company agreed to buy Lucasfilm and announced that Episode VII would be released in 2015.[76] The co-chairman of Lucasfilm, Kathleen Kennedy, became president and served as executive producer of new Star Wars feature films.[77] Lucas provided Kennedy his story treatments for the sequels during the 2012 sale,[78] but in 2015 it was revealed Lucas's sequel outline had been discarded.[79][80] The sequel trilogy also meant the end of the Star Wars Expanded Universe stories, which were discarded from canon to give "maximum creative freedom to the filmmakers and also preserve an element of surprise and discovery for the audience."[2]
Episode VII: The Force Awakens was released on December 16, 2015, Episode VIII: The Last Jedi on December 13, 2017, and Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker on December 18, 2019, in many countries.[e] The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi were both critical and box office successes.[81][82] Episode IX received a mixed reception from critics and audiences.[83]
Standalone films
Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Screenplay by | Story by | Produced by | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story | December 16, 2016 | Gareth Edwards | Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy | John Knoll and Gary Whitta | Kathleen Kennedy, Allison Shearmur and Simon Emanuel | [84] |
Solo: A Star Wars Story | May 25, 2018 | Ron Howard | Jonathan Kasdan & Lawrence Kasdan | [85] |
Several Star Wars films have been produced separately from the Skywalker Saga. In 2008, Lucasfilm released the animated film The Clone Wars, which is set during the prequel trilogy and serves as the theatrical pilot of the television series of the same name.[86] Following Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012, an "anthology" film series set between the main episodes of the Skywalker Saga entered development in parallel with the production of the sequel trilogy,[87] described by Disney chief financial officer Jay Rasulo as origin stories.[88]
The first film released was
Upcoming films
Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Screenplay by | Story by | Produced by | Status | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Mandalorian & Grogu | 2026 | Jon Favreau | Jon Favreau and Dave Filoni | Jon Favreau, Kathleen Kennedy and Dave Filoni | Pre-production | [93] | |
Untitled New Jedi Order film | TBA | Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy | Steven Knight | Kathleen Kennedy | [94] | ||
Untitled Dawn of the Jedi film | James Mangold | In development | [94] | ||||
Untitled New Republic film | Dave Filoni | Kathleen Kennedy and Jon Favreau | [94] |
In April 2023, three new Star Wars films were announced to be set within different eras of the franchise.
In January 2024, it was announced that Jon Favreau would direct a new Star Wars film, titled The Mandalorian & Grogu.[97] In February of the same year, Bob Iger announced that the film would be the first release of the next slate of Star Wars movies.[98]
Other potential projects
Lucasfilm has a number of Star Wars films in various stages of development, including:
- Untitled Rian Johnson trilogy: In November 2017, a trilogy of movies written by The Last Jedi writer/director Rian Johnson was announced to be in development.[99][100] In April 2023, Kennedy stated that trilogy of films is still in open development at the studio, with the writer/director working on the story, although it is not currently a priority.[101]
- Untitled David Benioff & D. B. Weiss trilogy: In February 2018, it was announced that David Benioff and D. B. Weiss would serve as writers and producers on a trilogy of new Star Wars movies.[102] The plot would take place chronologically before the Prequel Trilogy, and center around the origin of the Jedi.[103] By May 2019, the duo were also slated to serve as co-directors of the first installment in their three films.[104] In October of the same year however, the filmmaking duo exited development of the projects due to scheduling conflicts with projects they are developing for Netflix. Kennedy stated that the studio is open to working with the duo, and developing their films once their schedule allows it.[105]
- Untitled Taika Waititi film: In May 2020, Taika Waititi signed onto the project which was stated to be the first priority for the studio, with the filmmaker Waititi serving as director from a script he is co-writing with Krysty Wilson-Cairns.[106] In May 2022, the movie was named as the next Star Wars film to begin production ahead of Rogue Squadron, with Kennedy stating that the studio was tentatively looking towards late 2023 for a debut, but had not yet officially set a release date.[107][108] By April 2023, she stated that the project is still in development, with Waititi continuing to work on the script.[109][101]
- Rogue Squadron: An anthology film, following the events of Rogue One, will be directed by Patty Jenkins with a script written by Matthew Robinson.[110] In April 2023, Kennedy stated that the script is still in development, with the studio considering changing the project into a television series.[111]
- Untitled J.D. Dillard film: In February 2020, a film was announced to be in development from director J. D. Dillard and writer Matt Owens;[112] although, Dillard announced he was no longer to direct that film in November 2022.[113]
- Star Wars: A Droid Story: In December 2020, an animated film centered around the adventures of R2-D2 and C-3PO was announced as being in development; the story will introduce a new heroic character to the franchise, alongside these characters. The project will be a joint-venture production between Lucasfilm Animation, and Industrial Light & Magic. The film is being developed to debut via streaming, exclusively through Disney+.[114][115][116]
- Untitled Shawn Levy film: In November 2022, Shawn Levy entered talks to direct a Star Wars film, following his work on Deadpool & Wolverine (2024) and the fifth and final season of Stranger Things.[117]
- Lando: A film focused on original trilogy character Lando Calrissian, reported to be written by Donald Glover (who portrayed the character in Solo) and Stephen Glover.[118]
Television
Series | Seasons | Episodes | Originally released | Network | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animated series | ||||||||||||
Droids | 1 | 13 | September 7, 1985 – June 7, 1986 | ABC | ||||||||
Ewoks | 2 | 26 | September 7, 1985 – December 13, 1986 | |||||||||
The Clone Wars | 7 | 133 | October 3, 2008 – May 4, 2020 | Cartoon Network / Netflix / Disney+ | ||||||||
Rebels | 4 | 75 | October 3, 2014 – March 5, 2018 | Disney XD | ||||||||
Resistance | 2 | 40 | October 7, 2018 – January 26, 2020 | Disney Channel | ||||||||
The Bad Batch | 3 | 40 | May 4, 2021 – present | Disney+ | ||||||||
Visions | 2 | 18 | September 22, 2021 – present | |||||||||
Tales of the Jedi | 1 | 6 | October 26, 2022 – present | |||||||||
Young Jedi Adventures | 1 | 25 | May 4, 2023 – present | Disney+ / Disney Junior | ||||||||
Animated micro-series and shorts | ||||||||||||
Clone Wars | 3 | 25 | November 7, 2003 – March 25, 2005 | Cartoon Network | ||||||||
Blips | 1 | 8 | May 3 – September 4, 2017 | YouTube | ||||||||
Forces of Destiny | 2 | 32 | July 3, 2017 – May 25, 2018 | |||||||||
Galaxy of Adventures | 2 | 55 | November 30, 2018 – October 2, 2020 | |||||||||
Roll Out | 1 | 16 | August 9, 2019 – April 1, 2020 | |||||||||
Galaxy of Creatures | 2 | 24 | October 14, 2021 – February 21, 2023 | StarWarsKids.com | ||||||||
Galactic Pals | 1 | 12 | April 12 – November 1, 2022 | |||||||||
" Zen – Grogu and Dust Bunnies " | Short | 1 | November 12, 2022 | Disney+ | ||||||||
Live-action series | ||||||||||||
The Mandalorian | 3 | 24 | November 12, 2019 – present | Disney+ | ||||||||
The Book of Boba Fett | 1 | 7 | December 29, 2021 – February 9, 2022 | |||||||||
Obi-Wan Kenobi | 1 | 6 | May 27 – June 22, 2022 | |||||||||
Andor | 1 | 12 | September 21, 2022 – present | |||||||||
Ahsoka | 1 | 8 | August 22, 2023 – present | |||||||||
Game shows | ||||||||||||
Jedi Temple Challenge | 1 | 10 | June 10 – August 5, 2020 | StarWarsKids.com |
Animated series
The first two animated series, Droids and Ewoks, were produced in the 1980s.[119] They were followed by the Clone Wars animated micro-series in 2003 and the 2008 series of the same name. Following Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm, all animated series released prior to 2014, apart from the 2008 series, were discarded from the franchise's canon.[2] Subsequent animated series include Rebels, released in 2014; Resistance, released in 2018; and The Bad Batch, released in 2021.
Several micro-series and shorts have also been released by Lucasfilm since Disney's acquisition, with the earlier animated series falling under Disney's "Vintage" collection of Star Wars content.[120][121]
Live-action series
The Star Wars franchise includes several live-action series. The first series,
A story focused on Obi-Wan Kenobi, a character from the original Star Wars trilogy, was planned as a film before becoming a live-action series after the box office failure of Solo in 2018.[92] The series was released on Disney+ in 2022 and is set between the prequel and original trilogy films.[127] It was followed by the live-action series Andor in the same year; both series follow their titular characters during the reign of the Empire.[127][128]
Films and specials
Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Teleplay by | Story by | Produced by | Network |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Star Wars Holiday Special | November 17, 1978 | Steve Binder | Pat Proft, Leonard Ripps, Bruce Vilanch, Rod Warren, and Mitzie Welch | Joe Layton, Jeff Starsh, Ken Welch, and Mitzie Welch | CBS | |
The Ewok Adventure
|
November 25, 1984 | John Korty | Bob Carrau | George Lucas | Thomas G. Smith and Patricia Rose Duignan | ABC |
Ewoks: The Battle for Endor | November 24, 1985 | Jim Wheat and Ken Wheat
|
Thomas G. Smith and Ian Bryce |
Fictional timeline
The Star Wars canon fictional universe spans multiple eras, of which three are focused around each of the film trilogies.[129] The following eras were defined in January 2021,[130] and further refined and expanded in April 2023:[131]
- Dawn of the Jedi: The first
- The Old Republic: The
- The High Republic: Under the protection of the Jedi, the Republic grows into a golden age. This era includes The Acolyte, The High Republic literary works and the animated series Young Jedi Adventures.[129]
- Fall of the Jedi: The Republic's Supreme Chancellor,
- Reign of the Empire: Palpatine's Galactic Empire rules the galaxy and the remaining Jedi are hunted down.[129] This era includes Solo: A Star Wars Story, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Andor, Rogue One, the animated series The Bad Batch and Rebels, and the video games Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, Star Wars Jedi: Survivor and Vader Immortal.[129]
- Age of Rebellion: The Rebellion against the Empire spreads across the galaxy, while the Jedi return with the emergence of Luke Skywalker.[129][134] This era includes the original trilogy films[f] and the video games Star Wars Battlefront II and Star Wars: Squadrons.[129]
- The New Republic: Following the Empire's defeat, the emergent New Republic attempts to reunite the galaxy, while threatened by the remnants of the Empire.[129] This era includes The Mandalorian, The Book of Boba Fett, and Ahsoka.[129]
- Rise of the First Order: The remnants of the Empire transform into the First Order but are fought by the Resistance, climaxing with the defeat of Palpatine and the Sith by the Jedi Rey.[129][133] This era includes the sequel trilogy films, the animated series Star Wars Resistance and the video game Star Wars: Tales from the Galaxy's Edge.[129]
- New Jedi Order: Rey builds a new Jedi Order, which will be depicted in an upcoming untitled film.[95][129]
The Expanded Universe of spin-off media depicts different levels of continuity, which were deemed non-canonical and rebranded as Legends on April 25, 2014, to make most subsequent works align to the episodic films, The Clone Wars film, and television series.[2]
Other media
From 1976 to 2014, the term Expanded Universe (EU) was an umbrella term for all officially licensed Star Wars storytelling material set outside the events depicted within the theatrical films, including novels, comics, and video games.[136] Lucasfilm maintained internal continuity between the films and television content and the EU material until April 25, 2014, when the company announced all of the EU works would cease production. Existing works would no longer be considered canon to the franchise and subsequent reprints would be rebranded under the Star Wars Legends label,[136] with downloadable content for the massively multiplayer online game The Old Republic the only Legends material to still be produced. The Star Wars canon was subsequently restructured to only include the existing six feature films, the animated film The Clone Wars (2008), and its companion animated series. All future projects and creative developments across all types of media would be overseen and coordinated by the story group, announced as a division of Lucasfilm created to maintain continuity and a cohesive vision on the storytelling of the franchise.[2] Multiple comics series from Marvel and novels published by Del Rey were produced after the announcement. Since the new canon has been introduced, there has been a multitude of pieces of Expanded Universe continuity that have become apart of canon.[137]
Print media
Star Wars in print predates the release of the first film, with the November 1976 novelization of Star Wars, initially subtitled "From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker". Credited to Lucas, it was ghostwritten by Alan Dean Foster.[138] The first "Expanded Universe" story appeared in Marvel Comics' Star Wars #7 in January 1978 (the first six issues being an adaptation of the film), followed by Foster's sequel novel Splinter of the Mind's Eye the following month.
Novels
After penning the novelization of the original film, Foster followed it with the sequel
Del Rey took over Star Wars book publishing in 1999, releasing what would become a 19-installment novel series called The New Jedi Order (1999–2003). Written by multiple authors, the series was set 25 to 30 years after the original films and introduced the Yuuzhan Vong, a powerful alien race attempting to invade and conquer the entire galaxy.[159][160] The bestselling multi-author series Legacy of the Force (2006–2008) chronicles the crossover of Han and Leia's son Jacen Solo to the dark side of the Force; among his evil deeds, he kills Luke's wife Mara Jade as a sacrifice to join the Sith. Although no longer canon, the story is paralleled in The Force Awakens with Han and Leia's son Ben Solo, who becomes the evil Kylo Ren.[161][162][163][164]
Three series set in the prequel era were published by Scholastic for younger audiences: the 18-book Jedi Apprentice (1999–2002) chronicles the adventures of Obi-Wan Kenobi and his master Qui-Gon Jinn in the years before The Phantom Menace; the 11-book Jedi Quest (2001–2004) follows Obi-Wan and his own apprentice, Anakin Skywalker in between The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones; and the 10-book The Last of the Jedi (2005–2008), set almost immediately after Revenge of the Sith, features Obi-Wan and the last few surviving Jedi. In 2019, a new prequel era novel, starring Qui-Gon and the young Obi-Wan, was published by Del Rey under the title Star Wars: Master and Apprentice.[165]
Although Thrawn had been designated a Legends character in 2014, he was reintroduced into the canon in 2016 for the third season of the Rebels animated series, with Zahn returning to write more novels based on the character and set in the new canon.[166][167]
Comics
In the late 1980s, Marvel dropped a new Star Wars comic it had in development, which was picked up by
After Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm, it was announced in January 2014 that in 2015 the Star Wars comics license would return to Marvel Comics,
First announced as Project Luminous at Star Wars Celebration in April 2019, the Star Wars: The High Republic publishing initiative were revealed in a press conference in February 2020. Involving the majority of the then current officially licensed publishers, a new era set 200 years before the Skywalker Saga was explored in various books and comics. Including ongoing titles by Marvel and IDW Publishing, written by Cavan Scott and Daniel José Older respectively.[187]
Audio
Soundtracks and singles
John Williams composed the soundtracks for the nine episodic films; he has stated that he will retire from the franchise with The Rise of Skywalker.[188] He also composed Han Solo's theme for Solo: A Star Wars Story; John Powell adapted and composed the rest of the score.[189] Michael Giacchino composed the score of Rogue One.[189] Ludwig Göransson scored and composed the music of The Mandalorian.[190] Williams also created the main theme for Galaxy's Edge.[191]
Audio novels
The first Star Wars audio work is The Story of Star Wars, an LP using audio samples from the original film and a new narration to retell the story, released in 1977. Most later printed novels were adapted into audio novels, usually released on cassette tape and re-released on CD. As of 2019, audio-only novels have been released not directly based on printed media.[192]
Radio
Radio adaptations of the films were also produced. Lucas, a fan of the NPR-affiliated
The first was written by science-fiction author
The overwhelming success, led to a 10-episode adaptation of The Empire Strikes Back debuted in 1983.[196] Billy Dee Williams joined the other two stars, reprising his role as Lando Calrissian.[citation needed]
In 1983,
Video games
The Star Wars franchise has spawned over one hundred
Early licensed games (1979–1993)
The first officially licensed electronic Star Wars game was
LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)
Lucasfilm founded its own video game company in 1982, becoming best known for adventure games and
EA Star Wars (2014–present)
Following its acquisition of the franchise, Disney reassigned video game rights to Electronic Arts. Games made during this era are considered canonical, and feature more influence from the Star Wars filmmakers. Disney partnered with Lenovo to create the augmented reality video game Jedi Challenges, released in November 2017.[219][220] In August 2018, it was announced that Zynga would publish free-to-play Star Wars mobile games.[221] The Battlefront games received a canonical reboot with Star Wars: Battlefront in November 2015, which was followed by a sequel, Battlefront II, in November 2017. A single-player action-adventure game, Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, with an original story and cast of characters, was released in November 2019. A space combat game titled Star Wars: Squadrons, which builds upon the space battles from Battlefront, was released in October 2020.
Theme park attractions
In addition to the
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2020) |
Title | Park(s) | Opening date | Closing date |
---|---|---|---|
Star Tours | Disneyland | January 9, 1987 | July 27, 2010 |
Tokyo Disneyland | July 12, 1989 | April 2, 2012 | |
Disney's Hollywood Studios | December 15, 1989 | September 7, 2010 | |
Disneyland Paris | April 12, 1992 | March 16, 2016 | |
Star Wars Weekends | Disney's Hollywood Studios | 1997 | November 2015 |
Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination | Multiple locations | October 19, 2005 | March 23, 2014 |
Jedi Training Academy
|
Disneyland | July 1, 2006 | November 15, 2015 |
Disney's Hollywood Studios | October 9, 2007 | October 5, 2015 | |
Star Tours: The Adventures Continue | Disney's Hollywood Studios | May 20, 2011 | N/A (operating) |
Disneyland | June 3, 2011 | ||
Tokyo Disneyland | May 7, 2013 | ||
Disneyland Paris | March 26, 2017 | ||
Star Wars: Hyperspace Mountain | Disneyland | November 14, 2015 | May 31, 2017 |
Hong Kong Disneyland | June 11, 2016 | N/A (operating) | |
Disneyland Paris | May 7, 2017 | ||
Star Wars Launch Bay | Disneyland | November 16, 2015 | |
Disney's Hollywood Studios | December 4, 2015 | ||
Shanghai Disneyland Park
|
June 16, 2016 | ||
Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple | Disney's Hollywood Studios | December 1, 2015 | |
Disneyland | December 8, 2015 | ||
Disneyland Paris | July 11, 2015 | ||
Hong Kong Disneyland | June 25, 2016 | ||
Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular | Disney's Hollywood Studios | June 17, 2016 | |
Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser | Disney's Hollywood Studios | March 1, 2022[223] | September 30, 2023[224] |
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge | Disneyland | May 31, 2019 | N/A (operating) |
Disney's Hollywood Studios | August 29, 2019 | ||
Star Wars: Millennium Falcon - Smugglers Run
|
Disneyland | May 31, 2019 | |
Disney's Hollywood Studios | August 29, 2019 | ||
Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance | Disney's Hollywood Studios | December 5, 2019 | |
Disneyland | January 17, 2020 |
Multimedia projects
A multimedia project involves works released across multiple types of media.
Merchandising
The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world. While filming the original 1977 film, George Lucas decided to take a $500,000 pay cut to his salary as director in exchange for full ownership of the franchise's merchandising rights. By 1987, the first three films have made US$2.6 billion in merchandising revenue.[227] By 2012, the first six films produced approximately US$20 billion in merchandising revenue.[228]
Kenner made the first
In 1977, the board game Star Wars: Escape from the Death Star was released.[234][g] A Star Wars Monopoly and themed versions of Trivial Pursuit and Battleship were released in 1997, with updated versions released in subsequent years. The board game Risk has been adapted in two editions by Hasbro: The Clone Wars Edition (2005)[236] and the Original Trilogy Edition (2006).[237] Three Star Wars tabletop role-playing games have been developed: a version by West End Games in the 1980s and 1990s, one by Wizards of the Coast in the 2000s, and one by Fantasy Flight Games in the 2010s.
Themes
Star Wars features elements such as
There are also many references to Christianity, such as in the appearance ofThe saga draws heavily from the
Historical influences
Palpatine being a
On the inspiration for the
-
The aerial warfare of WWII inspired the space fights.
-
The flag and iconography of the Empire resembles those of the Nazi Party and Germany during its rule.
Cultural impact
The Star Wars saga has had a significant impact on popular culture,
In 1989, the Library of Congress selected the original Star Wars film for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry, as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."[273] The Empire Strikes Back was selected in 2010,[274][275] and Return of the Jedi was selected in 2021.[276] 35 mm reels of the 1997 Special Editions were the versions initially presented for preservation because of the difficulty of transferring from the original prints,[277][278] but it was later revealed that the Library possesses a copyright deposit print of the original theatrical releases.[279]
Industry
The original Star Wars film was a huge success for
Star Wars fundamentally changed the aesthetics and narratives of Hollywood films, switching the focus of Hollywood-made films from deep, meaningful stories based on dramatic conflict, themes and irony to sprawling special-effects-laden blockbusters, as well as changing the Hollywood film industry in fundamental ways. Before Star Wars, special effects in films had not appreciably advanced since the 1950s.[283] The commercial success of Star Wars created a boom in state-of-the-art special effects in the late 1970s.[280] Along with Jaws, Star Wars started the tradition of the summer blockbuster film in the entertainment industry, where films open on many screens at the same time and profitable franchises are important.[284][271] It created the model for the major film trilogy and showed that merchandising rights on a film could generate more money than the film itself did.[270]
Film critic
Some critics have blamed Star Wars and Jaws for "ruining" Hollywood by shifting its focus from "sophisticated" films such as The Godfather, Taxi Driver, and Annie Hall to films about spectacle and juvenile fantasy, and for the industry shift from stand-alone, one and done films, towards blockbuster franchises with multiple sequels and prequels.[288] One such critic, Peter Biskind, complained, "When all was said and done, Lucas and Spielberg returned the 1970s audience, grown sophisticated on a diet of European and New Hollywood films, to the simplicities of the pre-1960s Golden Age of movies... They marched backward through the looking-glass."[288][289] In an opposing view, Tom Shone wrote that through Star Wars and Jaws, Lucas and Spielberg "didn't betray cinema at all: they plugged it back into the grid, returning the medium to its roots as a carnival sideshow, a magic act, one big special effect", which was "a kind of rebirth".[287]
The original Star Wars trilogy is widely considered one of the best film trilogies in history.
Fan works
The Star Wars saga has inspired many fans to create their own non-canon material set in the Star Wars galaxy. In recent years, this has ranged from writing fan fiction to creating fan films. In 2002, Lucasfilm sponsored the first annual Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards, officially recognizing filmmakers and the genre. Because of concerns over potential copyright and trademark issues, however, the contest was initially open only to parodies, mockumentaries, and documentaries. Fan fiction films set in the Star Wars universe were originally ineligible, but in 2007, Lucasfilm changed the submission standards to allow in-universe fiction entries.[294] Lucasfilm has allowed but not endorsed the creation of fan fiction, as long as it does not attempt to make a profit.[295]
Academia
As the characters and the storyline of the original trilogy are so well known, educators have used the films in the classroom as a learning resource. For example, a project in Western Australia honed elementary school students storytelling skills by role-playing action scenes from the movies and later creating props and audio/visual scenery to enhance their performance.[296] Others have used the films to encourage second-level students to integrate technology in the science classroom by making prototype lightsabers.[297] Similarly, psychiatrists in New Zealand and the U.S. have advocated their use in the university classroom to explain different types of psychopathology.[298][299]
See also
- 501st Legion
- Architecture of Star Wars
- Comparison of Star Trek and Star Wars
- Jedi census phenomenon
- Jediism
- List of space science fiction franchises
- List of Star Wars characters
- List of Star Wars creatures
- List of Star Wars planets and moons
- Music of Star Wars
- Physics and Star Wars
- Star Wars Celebration
- Star Wars Day
- Star Wars documentaries
- Star Wars: The High Republic
- Space warfare in fiction
- The Force
- The Story of Star Wars
- Technology in Star Wars
- Wookieepedia, the Star Wars wiki
Notes
- ^ a b The film's release was preceded by its novelization in November 1976.
- Legends' in April 2014.[2]
- ^ Lucas started by researching the inspiration behind Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon comic, leading him to the works of author Edgar Rice Burroughs—the John Carter of Mars series in particular.[50]
- ^ Played by Jake Lloyd as a child in Episode I
- ^ Each film was released two days later in the U.S.
- ^ The original trilogy depicts the galaxy as dirty and grimy in George Lucas's depiction of a "used universe".[135]
- ^ Not to be confused with the board game with the same name published in 1990[235]
- ^ In his early drafts, Lucas used the plot point of a dictator staying in power with the support of the military. In his comment (made in the prequel trilogy era) Lucas attributed this to Nixon's supposed intention to defy the 22nd Amendment,[262] but the president resigned and never ran for a third term.
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- S2CID 27871244.
- S2CID 19738769.
Works cited
- Arnold, Alan (1980). Once Upon a Galaxy: A Journal of the Making of The Empire Strikes Back. Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-29075-5.
- Bouzereau, Laurent (1997). The Annotated Screenplays. Del Rey. ISBN 978-0-345-40981-2.
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- ——— (2007). The Making of Star Wars: The Definitive Story Behind the Original Film (Star Wars). Del Rey. ISBN 978-0-345-49476-4.
Further reading
- Decker, Kevin S. (2005). Star Wars and Philosophy. Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9583-0.
- Campbell, Joseph (1991). The Power of Myth. ISBN 978-0-385-41886-7.
- Henderson, Mary (1997). Star Wars: The Magic of Myth. ISBN 978-0-553-10206-2.
- Cavlelos, Jeanne (1999). ISBN 978-0-312-20958-2.
- Nancy R. Reagin, Janice Liedl, ed. (2012). ISBN 978-0-470-60200-3.
- Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination. ISBN 978-0-7922-6200-8.
- Belluomini, L. (2022). "The Mandalorian as Philosophy: 'This Is the Way'". In Johnson D. K. (ed.). The Palgrave Handbook of Popular Culture as Philosophy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 1–25. S2CID 245779254.
- Immerwahr, Daniel (2022). "21 the Galactic Vietnam: Technology, Modernization, and Empire in George Lucas's Star Wars" (PDF). Ideology in U.S. Foreign Relations. pp. 435–451. ISBN 978-0-231-55427-5.
External links
- Official website
- Star Wars on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki
- Star Wars Map – 2020 official; HiRez; WebSite