Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa
Старая Русса | |
|---|---|
Town[1] | |
 Cathedral Square in Staraya Russa | |
.png) Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Staraya Russa  | |
| Postal code(s)[9] | 175200–175207 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 81652[10] |
| OKTMO ID | 49639101001 |
| Website | admgorod |
Staraya Russa (
Etymology
The origin of the name of Staraya Russa is unclear. The most involved and widespread hypothesis was presented by philologists and linguists R. A. Akheyeva, V. L. Vasilyev, and M.V. Gorbanevsky. According to this hypothesis, Russa comes from
History
Thought to have originated in the mid-10th century, it was first mentioned as Rusa (Cyrillic: Руса) in chronicles for the year 1167[3] as one of three main towns of the Novgorod Republic, alongside Pskov and Ladoga. After Pskov became independent, Russa became the second most important town and trade center of the Novgorod Republic after Novgorod itself.[citation needed] By the end of the 15th century, it contained about one thousand homesteads. Brine springs made the saltworks the principal business activity in the town, which was the biggest center of salt industry in the Novgorod region.[15]
The wooden fortifications of Russa burned to ashes in 1190 and then in 1194, after which they were replaced by the stone fortress. In 1478, it was incorporated into the
When Ivan the Terrible ascended the throne in 1533, Staraya Russa was a populous town. During the Time of Troubles, it was held by Polish brigands and heavily depopulated. Only 38 people lived there in 1613.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Staraya Russa was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as St. Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. In 1776, Staraya Russa became the seat of Starorussky Uyezd of Novgorod Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into Novgorod Governorate.
Soviet authority in Staraya Russa was established on November 5(18), 1917.
In August 1927, the uyezds were abolished and, effective October 1, 1927, Starorussky District was established, with the
On September 19, 1939, Staraya Russa was elevated in status to that of a town of oblast significance and thus ceased to be a part of the district.[19] The town was occupied by the Germans between August 9, 1941 and February 18, 1944. Totally destroyed during the war, it was later restored. On July 5, 1944, Staraya Russa was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.[19]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
Climate
| Climate data for Staraya Russa (extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
32.6 (90.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.4 (95.7) |
36.4 (97.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
3.2 (37.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.4 (22.3) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
6.1 (43.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.7 (62.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.3 (17.1) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
1.4 (34.5) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
7.2 (45.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.5 (−42.7) |
−40.1 (−40.2) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
−27.5 (−17.5) |
−40.6 (−41.1) |
−41.5 (−42.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44.5 (1.75) |
35.6 (1.40) |
32.0 (1.26) |
40.0 (1.57) |
60.2 (2.37) |
74.0 (2.91) |
78.9 (3.11) |
75.0 (2.95) |
53.9 (2.12) |
61.8 (2.43) |
56.4 (2.22) |
45.1 (1.78) |
657.4 (25.87) |
| Source: pogoda.ru.net[20] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Industry
The biggest enterprise in Staraya Russa is the aircraft repair works. The mechanical engineering plant went bankrupt in 2011 and no longer exists.[21]
Transportation
A railway which connects Bologoye and Pskov passes through Staraya Russa.
Staraya Russa is connected by roads with Novgorod, Demyansk, and Bezhanitsy via Kholm. There are also local roads.
There is a
The town is served by the Staraya Russa Airport.
Attractions
Staraya Russa is a
Monuments include the
-
Church of the Resurrection of Christ -
Saint Menas Church -
The Transfiguration Monastery -
Church of St. George the Victorious -
Fyodor Dostoevsky house museum
Notable people
- Sergei Rachmaninoff was born in 1873, in the family estate in the village of Semyonovo, near Staraya Russa. His birth was registered in Semyonovo church book and signed by Priest Platon Savitsky and acolyte Peter Lubochsky[23][24]
- Fedor Dostoyevskyowned a house in Staraya Russa.
References
Citations
- ^ Resolution #121
- ^ a b c d e f Law #559-OZ
- ^ ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Law #377-OZ
- ^ Law #284-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Телефонный код Старой Русси. kodcity.ru (in Russian). 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ISBN 978-0-521-03552-1.
- ISBN 0-910956-34-0
- USSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 134–144.
- ISBN 5-8137-0067-6.
- ^ Snytko et al., p. 26
- ^ a b c Snytko et al., p. 85
- ^ a b Snytko et al., pp. 137–138
- ^ "Климат Старой Руссы" (in Russian). Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ^ Итоги социально-экономического развития Старорусского муниципального района за 2011 год. admrussa.ru (in Russian). Администрация Старорусского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- ^ Дом-музей Ф.М.Достоевского в Старой Руссе (in Russian). Литературно-мемориальный музей Ф.М.Достоевского. Archived from the original on February 26, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- ^ International Institute for Genealogical Research. Russian Dynasties program. [1]
- ISBN 978-0-826-49312-5.
General sources
- Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №559-ОЗ от 11 ноября 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области», в ред. Областного закона №730-ОЗ от 26 февраля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №75, 23 ноября 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #559-OZ of November 11, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #730-OZ of February 26, 2015 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2006.).
- Администрация Новгородской области. Постановление №121 от 8 апреля 2008 г. «Об реестре административно-территориального устройства области», в ред. Постановления №408 от 4 августа 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориального устройства области». Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №49–50, 16 апреля 2008 г. (Administration of Novgorod Oblast. Resolution #121 of April 8, 2008 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #408 of August 4, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast. ).
- Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №284-ОЗ от 7 июня 2004 г. «О наделении сельских районов и города Великий Новгород статусом муниципальных районов и городского округа Новгородской области и утверждении границ их территорий», в ред. Областного закона №802-ОЗ от 31 августа 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные Законы, устанавливающие границы муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №86, 22 июня 2004 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #284-OZ of June 7, 2004 On Granting the Status of Municipal Districts and Urban Okrug of Novgorod Oblast to the Rural Districts and the City of Veliky Novgorod and on Establishing the Borders of Their Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law #802-OZ of August 31, 2015 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication.).
- Новгородская областная Дума. Областной закон №377-ОЗ от 27 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории Старорусского муниципального района, наделении их статусом городского и сельских поселений, определении административных центров и перечня населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений», в ред. Областного закона №216-ОЗ от 1 марта 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные законы, содержащие перечни населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений». Вступил в силу со дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №6–7, 19 января 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #377-OZ of December 27, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Within the Territory of Starorussky Municipal District, on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, on Establishing Their Administrative Centers, and on Compiling the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law #216-OZ of March 1, 2013 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Containing the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories. Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication.).
- Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. p. 26. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links
- Official website of Staraya Russa (in Russian)
- General description and sights (in Russian)
- Staraya Russa, Russia at JewishGen
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