Starogard Gdański
Starogard Gdański | ||
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Car plates GST | | |
Website | http://www.starogard.pl |
Starogard Gdański (Polish pronunciation: [staˈrɔɡard ˈɡdaj̃skʲi] ⓘ; until 1950: Starogard; Kashubian: Starogarda; formerly German: Preußisch Stargard) is a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland with 48,328 inhabitants (2004).
Starogard is the capital of
Geographical location
Starogard Gdański is located in Pomerania on the small river Wierzyca, about 21 kilometres (13 miles) south-west of Tczew, 40 km (25 mi) south of Gdańsk and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of Chojnice. It is 50 km (31 mi) from the Tricity (Polish: Trójmiasto) agglomeration on the coast of Gdańsk Bay.
Etymology
The name Starogard means "old city" in the Pomeranian language. Gdański is appended in the 20th century to the name to differentiate it from other places named Starogard. The German name Preußisch Stargard (Prussian Stargard) was similarly used to disambiguate from other places named Stargard. (See Stargard (disambiguation)).
History
Archeological evidence indicates remnants of a neolithic settlement from four to five thousand years ago.
The area became part of the emerging Polish state under its first ruler
Since 31 March 1440 Starogard was a member of the
In 1871, a large vodka distillery was built on the western end of city, which survived both world wars and today produces Sobieski and Krupnik. It is one of Europe's oldest continuously-run vodka distilleries, and one of only a very small handful of vodka distilleries predating 1945.[5] In 1871, with the Prussian-led unification of Germany, Preußisch Stargard became part of the German Empire. In the same year, it was connected to the rail network and in 1900 a water and gas network was built in the city. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue, a grammar school, a preparatory institute, a district court, a Reichsbank branch, a main tax office and a number of commercial operations.[6] According to the census of 1905, the town had a population of 10,485, of which 6,297 (60.1%) were Germans.[7] In 1906–1907, local Polish children joined the children school strikes against Germanisation that spread throughout the Prussian Partition of Poland.[8]
Until 1920, the city belonged to the
World War II
During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the city was invaded by Nazi Germany, and then the German Einsatzkommando 16 and SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann" entered the city to commit various crimes against Poles.[9][10] Under German occupation, the city was annexed into the newly formed Regierungsbezirk Danzig in the new province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. The Polish population was subjected to mass arrests, imprisonment, tortures, massacres, expulsions, deportations to concentration camps and to forced labour.
The Germans immediately carried out mass arrests of Polish teachers, priests and local activists in the town and county as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[11] Arrested Poles were then held both in the pre-war prison and the medieval Gdańsk Tower and often subjected to brutal beatings[12] and mistreatment, especially clergymen, some of whom had even swastikas cut into their foreheads.[13] Already in September 1939, the Germans murdered 150 Poles, including inhabitants of Starogard, Skórcz and Gdynia, in the city and its vicinity.[11]
Beginning in September 1939 in nearby
Despite such circumstances, Poles still organized an underground resistance movement, including the Home Army and Jaszczurka organizations.[17]
In 1945 the German occupation ended and the town was restored to Poland, however with a
Contemporary history
The Jord-Just youth anti-communist resistance organization was established in Starogard in 1951 by 16-year old girl Teresa Block.[18] The organization was eventually crushed by the communists, who sentenced 17 teenage members to 1.5 to 9 years in prison.[18]
Number of inhabitants by year
Year | Number |
---|---|
1772 | 1,103 |
1782 | 1,410 |
1831 | 3,145 |
1875 | 6,022 |
1880 | 6,253 |
1890 | 7,080 |
1905 | 10,485 |
1921 | 13,360 |
1943 | 17,895 |
1960 | 25,800 |
1970 | 33,700 |
1980 | 44,200 |
1990 | 49,500 |
2001 | 49,884 |
2012 | 49,072 |
Note that the above table is based on primary, possibly biased, sources.[19][20][21][22]
Major corporations
- Polpharma SA
- Destylarnia Sobieski SA
Transport
The Polish National road 22 and Voivodeship road 222 pass through the city, and the A1 motorway runs nearby, east of the city. There is a train station in Starogard.
Education
- Pomorska Szkoła Wyższa w Starogardzie Gdańskim
- I Liceum Ogólnokształcące w Starogardzie Gdańskim
Sports
The town's most notable sports club is basketball team SKS Starogard Gdański, which plays in the Polish Basketball League (Poland's top division), Polish Cup winners in 2011, and runners-up in 2006. The local football club is KP Starogard Gdański, and it competes in the III liga (Polish fourth tier). The team plays in green and white at the Stadion Miejski.
The town was home to the Polish World Cup football player and Olympic Gold Medal winner Kazimierz Deyna. Deyna grew up in Starogard Gdański, and the local Stadion Miejski im. Kazimierza Deyny is named after him. There is also a statue to him in the seating area of the ground, and a heritage trail through the town which takes in his birthplace, family home and murals to the sportsman.[citation needed] Starogard Gdański also boasted Olympic bronze medal winner Oktawia Nowacka. Michael Hicks, an Olympian that represents Poland in 3x3 Basketball at the 2020 Olympic Games, currently resides in Starogard Gdański and holds basketball camps for the youth.
Notable people
- Adolf Lesser (1851–1926), German physician who specialized in forensic medicine
- Michael F. Blenski (1862–1932), Wisconsin politician
- Adolf Wallenberg (1862–1949), German internist and neurologist
- John S. Flizikowski, (1868–1934), Chicago architect
- Ferdinand Noeldechen (1895–1951), general
- Theo Mackeben (1897–1953), German pianist, conductor and composer, particularly of film music
- Kazimierz Kropidłowski (1931–1998), Polish long jumper, competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics
- Henryk Jankowski (1936-2010), Polish Roman Catholic priest and Member of Solidarity movement
- Kazimierz Deyna (1947–1989), soccer player, over 600 pro games and 97 for Poland
- Władysław Wojtakajtis (1949–2016), Polish swimmer, competed at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics
- Andrzej Grubba (1958–2005), Polish table tennis player
- Maria Kamrowska (born 1966), retired Polish heptathlete.
- Paweł Papke (born 1977), retired Polish volleyball player
- Piotr Wiśniewski (born 1982), Polish footballer, who played 230 games for Lechia Gdańsk
- Oktawia Nowacka (born 1991), Polish modern pentathlete and bronze medalist in the 2016 Summer Olympics
Twin towns – sister cities
Starogard Gdański is twinned with:[23]
Notes
References
- ^ Paweł Czaplewski Senatorowie świeccy, podskarbiowie i starostowie Prus Królewskich, 1454-1772, Tomy 26-28 z Roczniki Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu, 1921, p. 178 Google Books
- ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. XXXVII.
- ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. 89, 207.
- ^ Umiński, Janusz (1998). "Losy internowanych na Pomorzu żołnierzy powstania listopadowego". Jantarowe Szlaki (in Polish). Vol. 4, no. 250. p. 16.
- ^ "Destylarnia Sobieski S.A. w Starogardzie Gdańskim". www.wodki.gda.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ^ Zeno. "Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. meyers-1905-018-0857". www.zeno.org (in German). Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- )
- ^ Korda, Krzysztof (2019). "Strajk szkolny na Kociewiu 1906–1907". Kociewski Magazyn Regionalny (in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 105. p. 5.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 106.
- ^ The Pomeranian Crime 1939. Warsaw: IPN. 2018. p. 9.
- ^ a b Wardzyńska (2009), p. 108
- ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 108, 120
- ^ The Pomeranian Crime 1939, p. 13
- ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 151-152
- ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 166
- ^ "Preußisch-Stargard (Starogard)" (in German). Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ^ Małgorzata Rogala. "Upamiętnili Jaszczurkowców". Starogard.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Uroczyste odsłonięcie tablicy upamiętniającej członków Młodzieżowej Antykomunistycznej Organizacji Jord-Just – Starogard Gdański, 1 marca 2019". IPN (in Polish). Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Part II: Topographie von West-Preussen, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 62–63.
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6th edition, Vol. 18, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 857.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Westpreußen, Kreis Preußisch Stargard (2006).
- ^ August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, S. 388–389, Nr. 21.
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie" (in Polish). Starogard Gdański. Retrieved 2023-11-22.