Stars and Stripes (ballet)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Stars and Stripes
Karinska
David Hays
Genreneoclassical ballet

Stars and Stripes is a

City Center of Music and Drama, danced by the New York City Ballet. It is dedicated to Fiorello La Guardia, former mayor of New York City
. The ballet had been revived by multiple ballet companies, and at different special occasions.

Background and production

Suki Schorer and New York City Ballet dancers in Stars and Stripes

Choreographer and New York City Ballet co-founder George Balanchine, who was raised in Imperial Russia and worked in Europe during his early career, moved to the United States in 1933 and became an American citizen in 1940. He later conceived the idea of Stars and Stripes, as a tribute to his adopted country.[1]

Balanchine chose to use music by

brass instruments only.[1]

The costumes and sets were designed by

Karinska and David Hays respectively.[4] The sets include a black backdrop, rather than blue, which is used in many of Balanchine's works. Another backdrop used is a large flag of the United States.[5] The ballet is dedicated to Fiorello La Guardia, former mayor of New York City.[1]

Choreography

Stars and Stripes has five sections, each called a "campaign".[6] Once, Balanchine was asked whether Stars and Stripes has a story. He said yes, and when asked what is the story, he replied, "The United States".[7] Balanchine called the ballet a "balletic parade", with four groups called "regiments".[4] He also admitted Stars and Stripes is what he called "the applause machine", and noted "calculated vulgarity is a useful ingredient".[8] In total, the ballet is danced by 27 women and 14 men. Sandra Jennings from the Balanchine Trust noted the ballet is "difficult" for the corps de ballet.[6] On the whole ballet, dance critic John Martin commented, "With the spirit of Sousa in the pit, the military march inevitably takes over the doings on stage, We see it in virtually every variety – drilling, parade strutting, drum-majoretting. There are high kicks galore, 'heel stretches,' tricks out of the circus and lifts… Everybody salutes at the slightest provocation."[9]

The first campaign, set to "Corcoran Cadets", starts with twelve women on stage. Their leader then enters with a

majorette baton and marches, a moment dance critic John Gruen called "the image of the all-American girl".[1] The women march while the leader performs different steps. The section ends with the corps de ballet marching towards the audience then offstage, followed by the leader.[1]

The second campaign, to "Rifle Regiments", is danced by a female corps de ballet and a leader. Taller dancers are cast in this section. Therefore, as Gruen wrote, "Their jolly marching and intricate patterns have a more broadly sweeping character."[1]

The third campaign is set to "Thunder and Gladiator", and performed by an all-male group.[1] Dance critic Jennifer Dunning wrote, "men's flying stage-crosses, giving the tumultuous stage a fixed center in the regiment's spinning leader."[10] At the end of the section, the dancers salute the audience.[1] Jennings said that everyone in this section has "to be like a soloist" and "able to do the kind of steps that are asked of a soloist."[6]

The fourth campaign, to "

Mamie Doud." Balanchine had specifically asked Hershay Kay to use brass instruments in this section, rather than the violin.[2]
: 144 

The fifth campaign, set to "The Stars and Stripes Forever", starts with dancers from the first two regiments returning to the stage one by one, joined by the third regiment, before the dancers from the fourth campaign enter.[1] Gruen described, "Patriotic fervor overtakes everyone, and as the regiments parade, the leading couple stand at opposite sides of the stage to review them." The backdrop is switched to a large American flag. The ballet ends with the ballerina of the fourth campaign lifted by her partner, and with the full cast, "forms a victoriously patriotic tableau".[1]

Original cast

The principal dancers at the premiere of Stars and Stripes were:[9]

Performances

Stars and Stripes premiered on January 17, 1958, at the

City Center of Music and Drama.[4] In 1976, Stars and Stripes was placed in the New York City Ballet program Entente Cordiale, along with Union Jack, Balanchine's homage to the United Kingdom, and Tricolore, a tribute to France that was conceived by Balanchine and choreographed by Jerome Robbins, Peter Martins and Jean-Pierre Bonnefoux.[12]

Stars and Stripes was performed at special occasions, including

yellow ribbons.[14] In 1984, the Dance Theatre of Harlem performed the finale of Stars and Stripes at the Olympics closing ceremony in Los Angeles.[15]

Other ballet companies that have performed Stars and Stripes include the American Ballet Theatre,[16] San Francisco Ballet,[17] the Pacific Northwest Ballet,[18] The Washington Ballet,[6] Miami City Ballet,[19] Suzanne Farrell Ballet,[20] Dance Theatre of Harlem.[21] BalletMet,[22] Sarasota Ballet,[23] Sacramento Ballet,[24] Ballet San Jose[25] and City Ballet of San Diego.[26] The School of American Ballet, the affiliated school of the New York City Ballet, had also performed the ballet.[27] According to a 2013 report from The Washington Post, Stars and Stripes is performed less often in recent years due to the number of dancers in the ballet and the techniques required from the corps de ballet.[6]

Videography

In 1993, the fourth and fifth "campaigns" of Stars and Stripes was filmed for the broadcast "The Balanchine Celebration", featuring dancers Margaret Tracey, Damian Woetzel, Katrina Killian and Gen Horiuchi.[11]

In popular culture

In 1996, Robert La Fosse made a parody of Stars and Stripes titled Stars & Stripes Forever for Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo, an all-male drag ballet troupe.[4][28]

In 2000, an excerpt of Stars and Stripes was featured in the film Center Stage, danced by Julie Kent and Ethan Stiefel.[29]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9780810907256
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 9780394736150
    .
  3. ISBN 9780520060593
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0199563449
    .
  5. ISBN 9781134354016
    .
  6. ^ a b c d e Ramanathan, Lavanya (February 22, 2013). "Washington Ballet performs 'Stars and Stripes'". The Washington Post.
  7. ^ Dunning, Jennifer (November 20, 2001). "Balanchine's All-American Dedication". New York Times.
  8. ISBN 9780241121801
    .
  9. ^ a b c Martins, John (January 18, 1958). "Ballet Novelty Danced at Center; Balanchine's New Work Is 'Stars and Stripes' With Score by Hershey Kay". New York Times.
  10. ^ Dunning, Jennifer (February 11, 1985). "City Ballet: 'Harlequinade' and 'Stars and Stripes'". New York Times.
  11. ^
    ISBN 9780879103255
    .
  12. ^ Kisselgoff, Anna (June 17, 1978). "The City Ballet Combines Its 'Flags' on a Program". New York Times.
  13. ^ "City Ballet Lists Program At State Theater Opening". New York Times. April 20, 1964.
  14. ^ "Balanchine 'Stars and Stripes' Hails Ex-hostages". New York Times. January 26, 1981.
  15. ^ DiLorenzo, Kris (June 1985). "Dance". The Crisis.
  16. ^ Rogai, Natasha (April 4, 2013). "American Ballet Theatre – Hong Kong Arts Festival Season – Hong Kong". DanceTabs.
  17. ^ Desaulniers, Heather (January 19, 2020). "San Francisco Ballet – Opening Night Gala – San Francisco". DanceTabs.
  18. ^ Ullman West, Martha. "Pacific Northwest Ballet 2001". Dance Magazine.
  19. ^ Kisselgoff, Anna (September 14, 2000). "Dance Review; Varied Styles, but Always True to Balanchine". New York Times.
  20. ^ Macaulay, Alastair (October 24, 2016). "Review: Ballet With Intricate Geometry, and a Lot of Fun". New York Times.
  21. ^ Dunning, Jennifer (June 17, 1985). "Dance Theater of Harlem at the Met". New York Times.
  22. ^ Mattison, Ben (April 21, 2005). "BalletMet Columbus Announces 2005–06 Season". Playbill.
  23. ^ Harss, Marina (March 11, 2019). "Sarasota Ballet – Apparitions, Stars and Stripes – Sarasota". DanceTabs.
  24. ^ Carnes, Jim (April 22, 2012). "Sacramento Ballet's Balanchine show is "Genius"". Sacramento Press.
  25. ^ Tsao, Aimee (November 16, 2012). "Ballet San Jose – Gala Performance – San Jose". DanceTabs.
  26. ^ Steinberg, Janice. "City Ballet of San Diego". Dance Magazine.
  27. ^ Macaulay, Alastair (June 2, 2009). "With Each Youthful Step, Discoveries and Transformations". New York Times.
  28. ^ Kourlas, Gia (December 11, 2018). "Stars and Stripes (and Trocks) Forever". New York Times.
  29. ^ Green, Harris. "Center Stage". Dance Magazine.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stars_and_Stripes_(ballet)&oldid=1057580089"