Starve the beast
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"Starve the beast" is a political strategy employed by
On July 14, 1978, economist and future Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan testified to the Senate Finance Committee: "Let us remember that the basic purpose of any tax cut program in today's environment is to reduce the momentum of expenditure growth by restraining the amount of revenue available and trust that there is a political limit to deficit spending."[5]
Before his
The earliest known use of "starve the beast" is in a 1979 newspaper article quoting Santa Rosa, California city councilman Jerry Wilhelm at a tax forum sponsored by the Libertarian Party.[7][original research?]
Since 2000
The tax cuts and deficit spending of former US President George W. Bush's administration were attempts to "starve the beast". Bush said in 2001: "so we have the tax relief plan [...] that now provides a new kind—a fiscal straightjacket [sic] for Congress. And that's good for the taxpayers, and it's incredibly positive news if you're worried about a federal government that has been growing at a dramatic pace over the past eight years and it has been."[8]
Republican presidential candidate
Political activist Grover Norquist authored an oath, the so-called "Taxpayer Protection Pledge", that 279 Senators and Congressman have signed. The oath states the signatories will never vote to raise taxes on anyone under any circumstances. It is viewed by some of the unsigned as a stumbling block to mutual fiscal negotiations to benefit the country.[11]
Economic analysis
James M. Buchanan, a Nobel Prize-winning economist, helped develop the fiscal illusion hypothesis: "It's obvious, borrowing allows spending to be made that will yield immediate political payoffs without the incurring of any immediate political cost."[12] In their book Democracy in Deficit (1977), Buchanan and Richard E. Wagner suggest that the complicated nature of the U.S. tax system causes fiscal illusion and results in greater public expenditure than would be the case in an idealized system in which everyone is aware in detail of what their share of the costs of government is.[13]
Empirical evidence shows that Starve the Beast may be counterproductive, with lower taxes actually corresponding to higher spending. An October 2007 study by Christina D. Romer and David H. Romer of the National Bureau of Economic Research found: "[...] no support for the hypothesis that tax cuts restrain government spending; indeed, [the findings] suggest that tax cuts may actually increase spending. The results also indicate that the main effect of tax cuts on the government budget is to induce subsequent legislated tax increases."[14]
Professor
Economist Paul Krugman summarized: "Rather than proposing unpopular spending cuts, Republicans would push through popular tax cuts, with the deliberate intention of worsening the government's fiscal position. Spending cuts could then be sold as a necessity rather than a choice, the only way to eliminate an unsustainable budget deficit." He wrote that the "beast is starving, as planned" and that "Republicans insist that the deficit must be eliminated, but they're not willing either to raise taxes or to support cuts in any major government programs. And they're not willing to participate in serious bipartisan discussions, either, because that might force them to explain their plan—and there isn't any plan, except to regain power."[19]
Historian
Political advocacy
Former U.S. Senator Jon Kyl (R-AZ), a veteran of the Senate Finance Committee, stated "you should never have to offset the cost of a deliberate decision to reduce tax rates on Americans."[21]
Lobbyist Grover Norquist is a well-known proponent of the strategy and has famously said, "My goal is to cut government in half in twenty-five years, to get it down to the size where we can drown it in the bathtub."[22][23]
"Feed the beast"
A related idea known as "Feed the beast", refers to increasing taxes for the purported purpose of balancing the budget only to make the government spend those inflows. Writer
See also
- Financial position of the United States
- National debt of the United States
- Reaganomics
- Tax resistance
- Taxation in the United States
- Wanniski's Two Santa Claus Theory
References
- ^ "Europe's Welfare States". The Economist. Pralmeida.tripod.com. April 1, 2004. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ Bartlett, Bruce (July 2, 2007). "Origins and Development of a Budget Metaphor". The Independent Review. Independent.org. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ a b Lindberg, Mark (Spring 2007). "Foundations Have a Stake". Minnesota Council on Foundations. Mcf.org. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ "Europe's Welfare States". The Economist. Pralmeida.tripod.com. April 1, 2004. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
- ^ Bartlett, Bruce (May 7, 2010). "Tax Cuts And 'Starving The Beast'". Forbes.
- ^ "Mallaby, Sebastian. Don't Feed the Beast: Bush Should End This Tax-cut Myth". The Washington Post. Washingtonpost.com. May 8, 2006. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ Hemphill, Jenda (11 Apr 1979). "Fed Up With Taxes?". Argus-Courier. Petaluma, CA. p. 6. Retrieved 30 Jul 2021.
- ^ "President Announces Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff". Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. August 24, 2001. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ "Congress Gets 5,593-Page Text of Relief Bill Hours Ahead of Vote". Bloomberg News. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
- ^ Schatz, Amy (November 26, 2007). "Thompson Unveils Plan For Voluntary Flat Tax". Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.
- ^ "The Pledge: Grover Norquist's hold on the GOP". CBS News.
- ^
Buchanan, James M. (1984). Dehe Deficit and American Democracy. Memphis: P. K. Steidman Foundation. ISBN 0-86597-227-3.
- ^
Buchanan, James M.; Wagner, Richard E. (1977). Democracy in Deficit: The Political Legacy of Lord Keynes. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-86597-227-3.
- ^ Christina D. Romer, David H. Romer (October 2007). "Do Tax Cuts Starve the Beast: The Effect of Tax Changes on Government Spending National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper No. 13548" (PDF). Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ William Niskanen. "26(3):553–558, Fall 2006 Limiting Government: The Failure of "Starve the Beast"" (PDF). Cato Journal. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2011. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ Ezra Klein (September 18, 2010). "The true test of the tea parties' mettle". Washington Post. Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ New, Michael J. "Starve the Beast: A Further Examination", Cato Journal, 29(3): 487–495, Fall 2009.
- ^ "Senate Testimony of Professor Leonard E. Berman" (PDF). July 14, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ Krugman, Paul (February 21, 2010). "Opinion - The Bankruptcy Boys". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ Bartlett, Bruce. Tax Cuts And 'Starving The Beast' – The most pernicious fiscal doctrine in history., Forbes, May 7, 2010
- ^ Thomas L. Friedman, Michael Mandelbaum: That Used to Be Us: How America Fell Behind in the World It Invented and How We Can Come Back. Macmillan, 2012. p. 170.
- ^ Ed Kilgore. "Starving the Beast". Blueprint Magazine. Archived from the original on November 20, 2004. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ "Article | The American Prospect". Prospect.org. March 15, 2005. Retrieved December 9, 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Starve the Beast: Just Bull, not Good Economics, The Fiscal Times, November 26, 2010
- ^ Stephen Moore; Richard Vedder (November 21, 2010). "Higher Taxes Won't Reduce the Deficit". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 24, 2011.