Stechkin automatic pistol
Stechkin | |
---|---|
Vytatsky Polyany Machine-Building Plant | |
Produced | 1951–1958 (APS) 1972–1973 (APB) |
Variants | APB silent variant |
Specifications | |
Mass | 1.22 kg (2.69 lbs) |
Length | 225 mm (8.86 in) |
Barrel length | 140 mm (5.51 in) |
Cartridge | 9×18mm Makarov,
magazine |
The Stechkin or APS (Avtomaticheskiy Pistolet Stechkina = Автоматический Пистолет Стечкина) is a Soviet
Adoption and service
Submachine guns such as the
Igor Yakovlevich Stechkin, recently graduated in 1948 from the Tula Mechanical Institute, began work on this new automatic weapon concept, competing against other prolific designers such as Vojvodin and Kalashnikov. Stechkin designed a select-fire pistol capable of accurate fire up to 200 meters, with the possibility of attaching a combination holster/shoulder stock. Field-testing of the first prototypes was undertaken from April to June 1949. A 20,000 round endurance test against an Astra machine pistol and a PPS-43 submachine gun proved that Stechkin's design was promising. However, the testing board showed flaws of the prototype, such as the lack of adjustability of the rear sight, the high weight (1.9 kg with holster), short sight radius, and the recoil spring located under the barrel.
A large redesign effort was made by Stechkin. He took several innovations from the Makarov pistol, such as the general silhouette, slide rails, extractor. The gun was lightened, the trigger mechanism redesigned and simplified, and the trigger guard reshaped. After successful military tests, the APS was formally adopted on December 3, 1951.
The APS was issued to Soviet Army vehicle operators, artillery crews, and front-line officers and law enforcement, and was used in conflicts in Angola, Libya, Mozambique, Romania, Tanzania and Zambia. The APS was praised for its innovative concept and good controllability for its size. However, the high cost of the weapon, complex and time-consuming machining, combined with a limited effective range, large size and weight for a pistol, fragile buttstock, frequent stoppages and subpar ergonomics, led to the APS being gradually phased out of active service. However, the weapon found a new niche among special forces such as the
A contemporary derivative of the Stechkin, the
Design details
The APS is a straight-blowback, select-fire, magazine-fed machine pistol. The weapon is fed through 20-round double-stack staggered-feed detachable steel box magazines. The APS shares features with the
The Stechkin features a combination safety-decocker-fire selector lever on the slide. The three-position lever, when pointed forward in the "PR" or safe position, decocks and locks the hammer, locks the slide to the frame and prevents forward travel of the free-floating firing pin. When pointed downwards to the "OD", or single-shot position, the safety lever deactivates the auto-sear and rate reducer to allow semi-automatic fire. Finally, the rearmost "AVT" position puts the APS in fully automatic mode.
The trigger mechanism of the APS is of a simple construction and features a double/single-action fire mode. It comprises a trigger and trigger bar, disconnector, sear and hammer. The rebounding hammer, when in resting state, has an intermediate safety intercept notch that does not allow forward travel of the hammer unless the sear is raised. Disconnection is achieved through a cam in the slide.
To make controllable automatic fire possible through such a system, designer Stechkin employs several mechanical solutions. Firstly, the slide has a very long stroke (three times the length of the cartridge). This allows time to slow the slide down and reduce felt recoil by minimising the jolt produced through the collision of the slide with the frame. Secondly, the rate-reducer lever offers extra resistance to the opening stroke of the slide, further slowing down the cycling process. Finally, the primary inertial rate reducing plunger delays the dropping of the hammer after the slide closes. The slide has a large cam that strikes a lever downwards. This lever transfers that energy to a spring-loaded weight located in the grip. The weight travels down, compressing its spring, then slams back up into the trigger bar, tripping the sear and firing the gun. Effectively, the rate reducer, which reduced the automatic rate of fire from 1,000 RPM to 750RPM, also acts as the auto-sear.
The machine pistol may be fitted with a wooden (early), brown bakelite or steel wire shoulder stock (for the APB variant); otherwise, the weapon becomes difficult to control on full auto. The stock is attached via a T-slot cut into the rear strap of the pistol frame. The stock is hollowed out and can act as a holster, accepting the machine pistol inside, similar to the Mauser C96 pistol. A Leather sling and ammunition pouch were also supplied with the weapon.
APB
The APB (Avtomaticheskiy Pistolet Besshumniy, meaning automatic silenced pistol) version was a version of the APS optimized for silent operations. Developed in the early 1970s by A.S. Neugodov (А.С. Неугодов) under the factory name AO-44, it was officially adopted in 1972 under the service name APB and given
During the Soviet–Afghan War, the APB was used by Soviet Spetsnaz team leaders as an extra weapon; they usually carried on a sling with the suppressor and stock mounted. It was used by radio operators and even by some heavy gun crews.[3] Special forces units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) such as the OMON and the SOBR have also used the pistol.[citation needed]
Users
- Afghanistan: Captured pistols were used by the mujahideen[4]
- Angola[5]
- Belarus: In service with OMON,[6] SOBR,[7] special forces and customs authorities.[8]
- Bulgaria:A number of APS pistols were supplied from the USSR to the People's Republic of Bulgaria, they remained in service after 1990.[9]
- Cuba[10]
- Georgia[11]
- Germany:After the reunification of Germany, a number of APS pistols were purchased by the German company "Transarms" for the German police.[12]
- Kazakhstan: State Courier Service[13]
- Libya[14]
- Mali: People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad[15]
- Mozambique[16]
- Dracula md. 98[17]
- Russia: Used by various police forces[18] and security guards of the Central Bank of The Russian Federation[19]
- Syria[20]
- Ukraine[21]
- Tanzania[22]
- Zambia[23]
- Former users:
See also
- List of Russian weaponry
- PB (pistol)
- Škorpion
- FB PM-63
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-0-7106-0857-4.
- Jones, Richard; Ness, Leland S., eds. (2010). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2010-2011. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2908-1.
References
- ^ Sicard, Jacques (November 1982). "Les armes de Kolwezi". La Gazette des armes (in French). No. 111. pp. 25–30. Archived from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
- ISBN 978-5-8189-0443-6.; note there is typo of his middle initial on this page; it's given correctly on p. 135though, matching other sources
- ^ ISBN 978-5-904540-04-3; Moscow: Association "Defense Enterprises Assistance League"; almanac publication sponsored by Rosoboronexport
- ISBN 978-1-4728-5349-3. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ Hogg 1988, p. 766.
- ^ ""Морская пехота" городских улиц". www.sb.by (in Russian). 21 November 2003. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "СОБР: территория напряжения". www.sb.by (in Russian). 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No. 202 of February 19, 2003 “On approval of the list of special means, types of firearms, ammunition and explosives used in the customs authorities of the Republic of Belarus”
- ^ Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No. 202 of February 19, 2003 “On approval of the list of special means, types of firearms, ammunition and explosives used in the customs authorities of the Republic of Belarus”
- ^ Defense Intelligence Agency (April 1979). Handbook on the Cuban Armed Forces. Homeland Security Digital Library. p. A-17. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "Armament of the Georgian Army". Geo-army.ge. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Yuri Shtar. "Stechkin" for the German police // Weapons. - 2000. - No. 9 . - S. 12-15 .
- ISBN 978-0-521-19714-4. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- ^ Jones & Ness 2010, p. 911.
- ISBN 978-0-19-928085-8. Archived from the original(PDF) on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
- ^ Hogg 1988, p. 771.
- ^ "AUTOMATIC DRACULA". Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ^ "Modern Firearms". Archived from the original on 8 August 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ^ «Организации и их территориальные подразделения могут использовать до вывода из эксплуатации по техническому состоянию… 9 мм пистолет АПС… иное боевое оружие, ранее приобретенное в установленном порядке и не включенное в настоящий перечень.»
Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации № 460 от 22 апреля 1997 г. «О мерах по обеспечению юридических лиц с особыми уставными задачами боевым ручным стрелковым оружием» (в ред. от 29 мая 2006 г.) - ^ https://twitter.com/war_noir/status/1398146545317519363?t=V_thtf-CjsirJ6WCGFZu1g&s=19
- ^ "Wiw_eu_ukraine - worldinventory". Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ Hogg 1988, p. 773.
- ^ Hogg 1988, p. 775.
- ISBN 0-7858-0844-2.
External links
- Modern Firearms - Stechkin APS pistol
- Modern Firearms - APB / 6P13 silenced pistol
- APB Silenced Machine Pistol
- Юрий Пономарёв, АПС, Kalashnikov magazine 2005/1, pp 34–43; has some APS diagrams (in Russian)
- Photos of APS and APB in service
- APB photo gallery; disassembled photo showing the expansion tube and drilled barrel
- APS full auto fire (video) on YouTube(in Japanese)
- APB (video) on YouTube(in Russian)