Stefan Löfven

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Stefan Löfven
Carl XVI Gustaf
Prime MinisterFredrik Reinfeldt
DeputyCarina Moberg
Mikael Damberg
Preceded byHåkan Juholt
Succeeded byFredrik Reinfeldt
Member of the Riksdag
for Västernorrland County
In office
14 September 2014 – 16 November 2021
Preceded byAgneta Lundberg
Succeeded byAnna-Belle Strömberg
Personal details
Born
Kjell Stefan Löfvén

(1957-07-21) 21 July 1957 (age 66)
Stockholm, Sweden
Political partySocial Democrats
Spouse
(m. 2003)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Sweden
Branch/serviceCoat of arms of the Swedish Air Force Swedish Air Force
Years of service1976–1977
RankPrivate

Kjell Stefan Löfven (Swedish pronunciation:

leader of the Social Democratic Party from 2012 to 2021.[1]

After leaving school and completing military service in the Swedish Air Force, Löfven trained as a welder and began employment as a metalworker. At the same time, he became an active trade unionist. He was eventually elected as an ombudsman within the Swedish Metalworkers' Union (SMU) and in January 2006, Löfven was elected the first chairman of IF Metall, a new 'super' trade union formed after smaller unions, including the SMU, voted to merge. After the resignation of Håkan Juholt, in January 2012, Löfven was unanimously selected by the executive board of the Social Democratic Party to become the party's new leader. This made Löfven the Leader of the Opposition, despite the fact that he did not have a seat in the Riksdag at the time.[2][3]

Löfven led the Social Democrats into the

minority coalition government with the Green Party. He was appointed prime minister of Sweden on 3 October 2014. He went on to secure a second term in the aftermath of the inconclusive 2018 election, which saw both main parties suffer losses; after a months-long impasse that set a new record for government formation, Löfven was able to secure abstentions from MPs belonging to the Centre Party, the Left Party and the Liberals, and was re-elected as prime minister by the Riksdag in January 2019. On 21 June 2021, after the Left Party withdrew their support of the government, Löfven lost a confidence motion in the Riksdag, triggering a brief crisis, which was resolved on 5 July when Löfven announced that talks to reform the government had been successful, and two days later the Riksdag once again confirmed Löfven as prime minister in a vote.[4][5] Dubbed a "political escape artist" and the "Harry Houdini of European politics", Löfven was able to successfully remain as Prime Minister at the helm of historically weak coalition governments in the turbulent Swedish political landscape from 2014.[6][7]

On 22 August 2021, Löfven announced that he would retire as leader of the Social Democrats at the November party congress, and would then resign as prime minister upon the election of his successor.[8] In September 2021, it was confirmed that Finance Minister Magdalena Andersson would be the only candidate at the congress to replace Löfven.[9] Andersson was elected party leader on 4 November.[10] Löfven officially resigned as prime minister on 10 November 2021, though he continued to lead a caretaker government until his successor took office on 30 November 2021.

Early life and education

Löfven was born 21 July 1957 in Aspudden, Stockholm, and his father died before he was born. He was placed in an orphanage before being looked after by a foster family from Sunnersta, Sollefteå, where he grew up. According to the agreement with this family, his birth mother would regain custody of him when she was able to; however, this did not happen.[11]

His foster father Ture Melander (1927–2003) was a lumberjack and later a factory worker, while his foster mother, Iris Melander (née Söderlund, 1929–2020),[12] worked as an in-home caregiver.[13] He studied at Sollefteå High School before starting a 48-week welding course at Arbetsmarknadsutbildningen (AMU, Unemployment Career Training) in Kramfors, and it is unclear whether he completed the course. Löfven later studied social work at Umeå University, but dropped out after a year and a half.[11]

Trade unionist

After completing his compulsory military service (as a private Munitions Systems specialist conscript) in the Swedish Air Force at the Jämtland Wing (F 4) airbase 1976–77, Löfven began his career in 1978 as a welder at Hägglund & Söner in Örnsköldsvik. Two years later, he was chosen as the group's union representative, and went on to hold a succession of union posts. In 1995, he started as an employed ombudsman in the Swedish Metalworkers' Union, working in the areas of contract negotiations and international affairs. In 2001, he was elected vice-chairman of the Metalworkers' Union; in November 2005 was elected as the first chairman of the newly formed trade union IF Metall.[2]

Political career

Löfven chosen as the Social Democratic Party's new leader, January 2012.

Löfven has been a member of the Social Democrats since the age of 13 and was active in SSU, the youth league, in his teens. Löfven was elected to the executive board of the Social Democrats in 2006, shortly after becoming chairman of trade union IF Metall.

Leader of the Social Democrats

In January 2012, following the resignation of

executive board nominated Löfven to become the party's new leader.[14][15][16] On 27 January 2012, Löfven was elected leader in a party-room ballot.[17][18] Löfven was confirmed as party leader at the party's bi-annual congress on 4 April 2013.[19]

Löfven led his party through the 2014 European Parliament election where the Social Democrats retained their position as the largest party from Sweden in the European Parliament. However, the election results at 24.19% was a slightly inferior result than the result in the 2009 European Parliament election; the party's seats in the European Parliament was reduced from six to five[20] and the party's results was the lowest in an election at the national level since universal suffrage was introduced in 1921.

On 12 July 2014 Löfven wrote a controversial Facebook post in which he argued that Israel has the right to defend itself against Palestinian Hamas, which he accused of attacking Israel during the 2014 Gaza war. The post received thousands of comments, many of them from critical social democratic voters, and was later removed. Afterwards, Löfven has claimed that Israel must take responsibility for its disproportionate use of force, but maintained that the country has the right to defend itself.[21]

Prime Minister of Sweden (2014–2021)

Stefan Löfven and his Cabinet on 3 October 2014.

Löfven led his party through the 2014 general election, which resulted in a hung parliament.[22] Their election result of 31.0%, up from 30.7%, was slightly better than the result in the 2010 general election, but the result was also the party's second worst result in a general election to the Riksdag since universal suffrage was introduced in 1921.

He announced that he would form a

Cabinet.[23] The Social Democrats and the Green Party voted in favour of Löfven becoming Prime Minister, while close ally the Left Party abstained. The opposition Alliance-parties also abstained while the far-right Sweden Democrats
voted against.

Löfven expressed a desire for bipartisan agreement between the Government and the opposition Alliance parties, and together they marked three areas where enhanced cooperation would be initiated. These three areas were the

.

Domestic policy

Carin Jämtin, Margot Wallström and Löfven at the Stockholm Pride parade in August 2014
Löfven with flowers the day after the 2017 Stockholm truck attack
Council of the European Union in December 2017

2014 budget crisis

The Government's first budget was introduced to the Riksdag on 23 October 2014. The Left Party, which had been given influence over the budget, supported it; however, the non-socialist coalition, the Alliance, introduced a competing budget to the Riksdag on 10 November, as they had promised prior to the 2014 election, and the Sweden Democrats also introduced their own budget on the same day.

According to Riksdag practice, the parties support their own budget and if their budget falls they abstain from voting in the second round. However, on 2 December, the far-right Sweden Democrats announced that, after their own budget fell in the first voting round, they would support the Alliance parties' budget in the second voting round, thus giving that budget a majority in the Riksdag. This caused a crisis for the newly elected Government, which was exacerbated after their own budget was voted down by the Alliance parties and the Sweden Democrats on 3 December. Löfven immediately announced that he would call an early election, to be held on 22 March 2015.[24]

On 22 December, sources within the Riksdag leaked information that the Government was negotiating with the Alliance parties (the Moderate Party, Centre Party, Liberal People's Party and the Christian Democrats) to find a solution and to avoid a fresh election.[25] On 27 December, the Government and the Alliance parties held a joint press conference where they announced that the six parties had reached an agreement designed to ensure that the Government's budgets would be voted through in the second round of voting. The agreement was dubbed "Decemberöverenskommelsen" (December Agreement), was called historical by Löfven and was agreed to remain in force until the 2022 election, regardless of the results of the 2018 election.[26][failed verification] Subsequently, Löfven announced that he no longer intended to call a snap election.[27] The centre-right Alliance withdrew from the agreements in 2015, but allowed the minority government to continue governing.

2015 European migrant crisis

In 2015, when a rising number of

refugees and migrants[28] began to make the journey to the European Union to seek asylum
, Europe was hit by a migrant crisis and Sweden received over 150,000 refugees in 2015.

During the autumn of 2015, the reception of refugees increased significantly to over 80,000 in two months and with

municipalities to help with sheltering refugees in order to better distribute the burden across the country.[29]

On 12 November 2015, the cabinet introduced

Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen announced that Denmark would implement temporary border controls along the German–Danish border with immediate effect as a consequence of Sweden's identity checks.[33]

2017 national security crisis

In July 2017, it became known to the public that Maria Ågren, a former Director-General of the Swedish Transport Agency, had been investigated after having cleared confidential information threatening the security of the country. The act was made in connection with a procurement of IT services with a non-governmental company in 2015. Among the cleared data were wanted vehicles, armored vehicles, the entire Swedish vehicles register, Swedish company secrets, the Swedish police criminal record- and suspicion registers, the Swedish state's internal security system and information about agents within the Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service.[34]

Several days after it first became public, Löfven held a press conference on 24 July 2017 where he said that "there's been an accident at the Transport Agency".

cabinet minister Anna Johansson said she had been aware of the situation since January 2017 and blamed her former state secretary Erik Bromander for not having informed her earlier.[36] Cabinet ministers Anders Ygeman and Peter Hultqvist were reported to have been aware of the situation since the beginning of 2016, but chose not to inform the head of government.[37]

All parties within the Swedish opposition have opened up for a

In a press conference on 27 July Löfven announced a government reshuffling with Ygeman and Johansson resigning. He also stated that he would not resign himself over the incident.

Foreign policy

Löfven with Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, 11 February 2017
Löfven and other Nordic leaders with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the India-Nordic Summit in Stockholm, 17 April 2018
Löfven with Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov, in Sofia, 16 May 2018
Löfven with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, in Madrid, 22 February 2019

In his Policy Statement, introduced to the

stabbing attacks are not considered terrorism by international standards; he later revised his comment, explaining that it is now known that the stabbing attacks are sanctioned by some terror organisations.[41]

Löfven with Russian President Vladimir Putin at the International Arctic Forum in Saint Petersburg, 9 April 2019

Löfven has said that the ongoing negotiations of the

managed trade agreement shall not aggravate social conditions or human rights, which should be a high priority while negotiating.[42]

Löfven visited Iran in February 2017 and held talks with Ali Khamenei to improve economic relations.[citation needed]

Löfven with Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin, 8 January 2020

Löfven has supported closer security cooperation with Saudi Arabia.[43][44][45]

On 7 January 2021, the day after the attack on the United States Capitol, Löfven called the attack an "assault on democracy" and hoped for a peaceful restoration of order, noting that President Trump and members of congress have "a great responsibility" for the ongoing events.[46]

2018 general election

Stefan Löfven vowed to make the

Alliansen. Löfven announced after the election results that he intended to remain as Prime Minister and called for the "burial of bloc politics" in Sweden.[48]

However, on 25 September 2018, the Riksdag approved a motion of no confidence against Löfven with a 204–142 vote. Löfven remained in office as head of a caretaker government.[49] While it initially looked as though the Alliance would be able to form a government, the Alliance's leaders subsequently failed to secure enough votes or abstentions to replace him.

After a record-long period of government formation, Löfven was eventually re-elected as Prime Minister on 18 January 2019, after an agreement was struck between the Social Democrats, Greens, Liberals, and Centre Party; the Left Party, which was not party to the agreement, decided to also abstain from voting against Löfven.

Löfven Government
was sworn in on 21 January.

2021 government crisis

In June 2021, the

Moderate Party and the Christian Democrats, though they are in favor of removing controls. Löfven called it irresponsible by the Left Party to throw the country into a "political crisis in the current situation". The confidence vote was held on Monday 21 June.[55]

The Riksdag voted in favour of the vote of no confidence, with 181 votes in favour, 109 against, and 51 abstaining.

unicameral in 1970.[59] Norlén announced that he approved of Löfven's government formation and that he will put forth a motion in the Riksdag to hold a vote to reappoint Löfven as Prime Minister the very same day. On 7 July, the Riksdag voted on Löfven's Prime Ministership.[60] The vote ended with 116 votes in favor, 173 against, and 60 abstaining. Since the votes against did not attain the 175 vote threshold required to fail a motion of confidence in the Riksdag, Löfven was reinstated as Prime Minister.[61]

Resignation

In his summer speech on 22 August 2021 in Runö in

Magdalena Andersson would be the only nominee to replace Löfven as leader; she would go on to be Sweden's first female prime minister and lead the party into the 2022 general election.[8][62][63][64][9] On 10 November, Löfven tendered his resignation to Norlén, but he continued to lead a caretaker government.[65][66] Andersson was elected as the new Prime Minister of Sweden by the Riksdag on 24 November 2021[67] and was set to take office on 26 November.[68][69]
Because of Andersson's resignation a few hours later, Löfven continued as prime minister of the caretaker government until Andersson took office on 30 November 2021.[70][71]

Life after politics

In 2022, Löfven was appointed by

United Nations Secretary General António Guterres as co-chair of the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism, alongside Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.[72]

Personal life

Löfven enjoys sports and supports the ice hockey club Modo from Örnsköldsvik[73] and the football clubs Tottenham Hotspur[74] and GIF Sundsvall.[75] He is married to politician and trade unionist Ulla Löfven and has 2 stepchildren.[76] Löfven himself has no biological children.[77]

Honours and awards

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External links

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Göran Johnsson
Chairman of IF Metall
2006–2012
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Party political offices
Preceded by
Leader of the Social Democratic Party

2012–2021
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Party of European Socialists
2022–present
Incumbent
Political offices
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2012–2014
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Preceded by Prime Minister of Sweden
2014–2021
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Former Prime Minister
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