Steven Emerson
Steven Emerson | |
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George Polk Award for best television documentary; top prize for best investigative report from Investigative Reporters and Editors |
Steven Emerson (born June 6, 1954)
Education and early career
Emerson received a Bachelor of Arts from Brown University in 1976, and a Master of Arts in sociology in 1977.[1] He went to Washington, D.C., in 1977 with the intention of putting off his law school studies for a year.[2] He worked on staff as an investigator for the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee until 1982, and as an executive assistant to Democratic Senator Frank Church of Idaho.[3][4]
Journalist and commentator
Emerson was a freelance writer for The New Republic, for whom he wrote a series of articles in 1982 on the influence of Saudi Arabia on U.S. corporations, law firms, public-relations outfits, and educational institutions. In their pursuit of large contracts with Saudi Arabia, he argued, U.S. businesses became unofficial, unregistered lobbyists for Saudi interests.[5] He expanded this material in 1985 in his first book, The American House of Saud: The Secret Petrodollar Connection.[1]
U.S. News & World Report and CNN
External videos | |
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Booknotes interview with Emerson and Brian Duffy on The Fall of Pan Am 103, May 13, 1990, C-SPAN |
From 1986 to 1989 he worked for U.S. News & World Report as a senior editor specializing in national security issues.[3][6] In 1988, he published Secret Warriors: Inside the Covert Military Operations of the Reagan Era, a strongly critical review of Ronald Reagan-era efforts to strengthen U.S. covert capabilities. Reviewing the book, The New York Times wrote: "Among the grace notes of Mr. Emerson's fine book are many small, well-told stories".[7] In 1990, he co-authored The Fall of Pan Am 103: Inside the Lockerbie Investigation, which argued for the then-mainstream theory that Iran was behind the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. Reviewing the book, The New York Times wrote: "Mr. Emerson and Mr. Duffy have put together a surpassing account of the investigation to date, rich with drama and studded with the sort of anecdotal details that give the story the appearance of depth and weight."[8] The newspaper listed it as an "editors' choice" on their Best Sellers List, and cited it as a "notable book of the year".[9][10]
In 1990, he joined
Jihad in America
Emerson left CNN in 1993 to work on a documentary,
In the documentary, he warned of future Islamic terrorist attacks in the United States.
He received the 1994
A review of the book by The New York Times's Ethan Bronner, says that conservatives and some Jewish organizations took Emerson seriously, but that others have dismissed him as "an obsessive crusader", and concludes that while Emerson sometimes connects unrelated dots, occasionally he can be wrong; but that as an investigator focusing on radical Islamic groups in the US, his information should be taken seriously but not just at face value.[18]
Commentary
Emerson has made false claims about Muslims in the US and Europe; in particular, some of his claims during a Fox News segment about the relationship between British Muslims and the city of Birmingham were subsequently rebuked by the then British Prime Minister David Cameron and led to a censure of Fox News by Ofcom for the airing of the comments which the broadcasting regulator characterized as "materially misleading" and "a serious breach for a current affairs programme".[19][20][21][22][23][24]
It was Emerson's 1994 documentary Jihad in America that first linked
In 1995 CBS interviews, prior to any knowledge the bombing of the Oklahoma City Federal Building was perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh, Emerson said "Oklahoma City, I can tell you, is probably considered one of the largest centers of Islamic radical activity outside the Middle East",[28][29] and that the bombing "was done with the intent to inflict as many casualties as possible. That is a Middle Eastern trait, and something that has been generally not carried out on this soil until we were rudely awakened to it in 1993".[30][31][32] He also told viewers not to believe Islamic groups' denials of their involvement.[33] Emerson has said some critics fail to recite the rest of his statement that references the 1993 World Trade Center attack which was also carried out with a fertilizer truck bomb.[32][34] Emerson indicated that he was one of many experts interviewed after the bombing who concluded there were similarities between the Oklahoma City bombing and Middle Eastern terrorism. He said the initial reporting did not "tar the entire Muslim community", that he referred only to a fanatical minority in the Islamic community. He acknowledged there were outbreaks of harassment which he referred to as unfortunate. In response to claims that all Muslims were blamed Emerson said "the charge of racism against Muslims is a canard designed to justify radical Islamic activities in this country." He supported the media's decision to report the possible link to Middle East terrorism, saying "There was no doubt" that the FBI and other law enforcement agencies suspected it.[35]
In testimony on March 19, 1996, to the
In January 2001 it was reported that Emerson pointed out that the U.S. had missed clues that would have allowed it to focus on al-Qaeda early on. One of the men convicted in the World Trade Center bombing,
Investigative Project on Terrorism
The
Reception
In 1988, Emerson was referred to by
Philip Jenkins, in his 2003 book, Images of terror: what we can and can't know about terrorism responded that certain groups criticize Emerson in order to silence and delegitimize his views.[52]
A review by Michael Wines in The New York Times of The Fall of Pan Am 103, while noting that the authors were "respected journalists" and "not to be lightly dismissed," and that they "talked to 250 people, including senior law enforcement and intelligence officials in seven nations", opined that charges of Iranian complicity were presented "without much substantiation" although Wines did go on to say that: "They build a convincing circumstantial case against Iran and its terrorist agents."[49]
Adrienne Edgar, writing in The New York Times Book Review described Emerson and Cristina del Sesto's 1991 book Terrorist, as "marred by factual errors (such as mistranslations of Arabic names) and marked by "a pervasive anti-Arab and anti-Palestinian bias."[54] Emerson and del Sesto responded: "We defy anyone to point to any passages that suggest such bias.... these characterizations of the book are wild figments of Ms. Edgar's political imagination."[55]
In their report "Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America", the Center for American Progress accused Emerson of being an "misinformation expert" who, through his testimonies, exaggerates the presence of Sharia law in America and terrorism sympathizers in mosques.[56]
Emerson has been criticized for espousing Islamophobic views by Islamic studies scholars such as Juliane Hamer and Omid Safi, with German media scholar Kai Hafez, and Carl Ernst naming Emerson along with Daniel Pipes as the two most prominent Islamophobic voices in the US.[51][57][58] Emerson responded to these and similar characterizations[50][59] in an op-ed for Fox News, stating that criticism of Islam labeled as Islamphophia, and the labeling of "Islamic terrorism" as a racist generalization of Muslims, is "one of the biggest and most dangerous national security frauds of the past 30 years."[60]
Emerson's work was cited as an instance of poor reporting on Islam in the Sut Jhally film about Edward Said's Orientalism, specifically his claim after the Oklahoma City bombing that the municipality was a center of Muslim extremism.[61]
Controversies
Sami al-Arian case
Emerson has played a role in criminal prosecutions. In the widely criticized
Boston Marathon bombing
On April 17, 2013, Emerson stated on the Fox News program
Comments on Fox News about Birmingham and Paris
In January 2015, following
In response to these comments, British Prime Minister David Cameron said that he "choked on his porridge" when he heard them and observed that Emerson was "clearly a complete idiot".[24][75] Local MP Gisela Stuart described Emerson's remarks as "stupid" and that they had "no redeeming features".[73][76] Emerson's remarks, which "embarrassed" Fox, extended to other countries, especially regarding supposed exclusion zones in Paris.[77] Thousands of people ridiculed Emerson's comments on social media using the hashtag #FoxNewsFacts.[78]
Emerson issued an apology for his misinformation stating, "I have clearly made a terrible error for which I am deeply sorry. My comments about Birmingham were totally in error." He further added that he would make a donation to a charity in Birmingham and also place a newspaper ad in Birmingham.
Involvement in spying on American Muslim organizations
Emerson has recently been accused of spying on two different American Muslim organizations.[81][82] On Dec 14, 2021, CAIR's Ohio chapter fired an executive who confessed to acting as a "mole" and passing confidential information to for Steven Emerson's organization IPT.[81] Shortly thereafter, another mole operating at a different Muslim organization came forward to CAIR and admitted to being paid $3,000 by Steven Emerson every month for recording discussions with prominent American Muslim leaders, amounting to a total of $100,000 over the course of four years.[82]
Works
Books
- The American House of Saud: The Secret Petrodollar Connection. Franklin Watts. 1985. ISBN 0-531-09778-1.
- Secret Warriors: Inside the Covert Military Operations of the Reagan Era. Putnam. 1988. ISBN 0-399-13360-7.
- The Fall of Pan Am 103: Inside the Lockerbie Investigation. Putnam. 1990. ISBN 0-399-13521-9. (with Brian Duffy)
- Terrorist: The Inside Story of the Highest-Ranking Iraqi Terrorist Ever to Defect to the West. Random House. 1991. ISBN 0-679-73701-4.
- The worldwide Jihad movement: Militant Islam targets the West. Institute of the World Jewish Congress. 1995.
- ISBN 0-7432-3435-9.
- Jihad Incorporated: A Guide to Militant Islam in the US. Prometheus Books. 2006. ISBN 1-59102-453-6.
Chapters
- Terrorism in the United States (1997), Vol. 69, # 1, "The Other Fundamentalists", Editor Frank McGuckin, H.W. Wilson Co., ISBN 0-8242-0914-1
- The future of terrorism: violence in the new millennium (1998), "Terrorism in America: The Threat of Militant Islamic Fundamentalism," Editor Harvey W. Kushner, SAGE, ISBN 0-7619-0869-2
Documentaries
- Terrorists Among Us: Jihad in America (1994)
- Obsession: Radical Islam's War Against the West (2005)
- Radical Islam: Terror in Its Own Words (2007)
- Jihad in America: The Grand Deception (2013)
References
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- ^ a b Landau, Benny (December 26, 2009). "Foresight, hindsight". Haaretz. Retrieved January 28, 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Emerson, Steven. Secret Warriors: Inside the Covert Military Operations of the Reagan Era, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1988.
- ^ "How Saudis manipulated to win the sale of AWACS, The Miami News, February 17, 1982. Retrieved January 28, 2010". Retrieved March 25, 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bernard Gwertzman (July 11, 1985). "Books: Saudi Influence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ "Mink, Eric, "Fitting 'Iran-Contra' Into U.S. History," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 30, 1989. Retrieved January 28, 2010". Nl.newsbank.com. January 30, 1989. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ Powers, Thomas (June 26, 1988). "Powers, Thomas, "Solderies of Misfortune," The New York Times, June 26, 1988. Retrieved January 28, 2010". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ "ON THE TRAIL OF THE TERRORISTS". The New York Times. April 29, 1990. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
- ^ ""Best Sellers", The New York Times, May 6, 1990. Retrieved January 28, 2010". The New York Times. May 6, 1990. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ ""Notable Books of the Year," The New York Times, December 2, 1990. Retrieved January 28, 2010". The New York Times. December 2, 1990. Archived from the original on November 28, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
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- ^ "HBO's 'Hardcore TV' Lampoons All of Pop Culture - But Not Spam" Scott Williams / The Associated Press November 18, 1994
- ^ a b c Goodman, Walter (November 21, 1994). "Goodman, Walter, "Television Review; In 'Jihad in America,' Food for Uneasiness," The New York Times, November 21, 1994. Retrieved January 21, 2010". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ Mink, Eric, "Was 'Jihad' Extremely Prophetic?," The New York Daily News, April 21, 1995. Retrieved January 28, 2010[permanent dead link]
- ^ "George Polk Award". Brooklyn.liu.edu. Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ Perez, Richard (March 7, 1995). "Perez-Pena, Richard, "Report on Nicotine Levels Wins Polk Award," The New York Times, March 7, 1995. Retrieved January 28, 2010". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ Steven Emerson's biography at speakers' bureau Web site Archived December 29, 2004, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Bronner, Ethan (March 17, 2002). "Suspect Thy Neighbor". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- TheGuardian.com. September 21, 2015. Archivedfrom the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ Steven Emerson. "Steven Emerson". Biography. Publicity.com. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
- ^ Steven Emerson (January 11, 2015). "Emerson with Judge Pirro: No-Go Islamic Zones and Western Self-Denial". Interview on Fox News. Interviewed by Jenine Pirro. Investigative Project on Terrorism. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
- ^ Muto, Joe (January 12, 2015). "How did Fox News' Birmingham blunder make it to air? Because everything else does". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
- ^ "Fox Apology for Birmingham 'Muslim-Only City' Claim". BBC News. January 18, 2015. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
- ^ a b Matthew Holehouse (January 12, 2015). "David Cameron: US terror 'expert' Steve Emerson is a 'complete idiot'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
- ^ "Silvestrini, Elaine, "Al-Arian To Be Deported", The Tampa Tribune, April 15, 2006. Retrieved January 20, 2010". Tampatrib.com. April 15, 2006. Archived from the original on February 4, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ Lichtblau, Eric (February 21, 2003). "Lichtblau, Eric, and Miller, Judith, "Indictment Ties U.S. Professor and 8 Others to Terror Group," The New York Times, February 21, 2003. Retrieved January 29, 2010". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ St. Petersburg Times, April 23, 2006.
- ^ Robert I. Friedman, 1995, One man's Jihad Archived December 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Steven Emerson: the Fox news expert who thinks Birmingham is 'totally Muslim' Archived February 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine; The Guardian; January 12, 2015
- ^ a b Brown Alumni Magazine, November–December 2002.
- ^ Sennott, Charles M., "After bombings, America faces up to prejudice", The Boston Globe, June 21, 1995. Retrieved May 2, 2010
- ^ a b Felicity Barringer (September 24, 2001). "A Nation Challenged: The Journalists; Terror Experts Use Lenses of Their Specialties". International New York Times Business Day. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^ MEDIA INTERACTION WITH THE PUBLIC IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS: FOUR CASE STUDIES Archived May 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine; The Library of Congress; August 1999; Pgs. 43; 47-48
- ^ Steven Emerson (October 22, 2010). "Juan, I Know Just How You Feel". News. The Investigative Project On Terrorism. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ Bender, Penny. "Penny Bender Fuchs, American Journalism Review Jumping to Conclusions in Oklahoma City? June 1995". Ajr.org. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ "Defending Judith Miller, II". nysun.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "Holy Land founders get life sentences". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. May 28, 2009. Archived from the original on March 12, 2010. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Miller, Judith; Engelberg, Stephen (January 14, 2001). "Holy Warriors; A Network of Terror; One Man and a Global Web of Violence," The New York Times, January 14, 2001. Retrieved January 29, 2010". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ "About The Investigative Project on Terrorism". IPT. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ Ziegler, Andrew, International Jihadists Infiltrating America? Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, American Diplomacy, January 15, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
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- ISBN 978-1-60833-113-0. Archivedfrom the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
- ^ a b "WASHINGTON TALK — BRIEFING — Undercover Talk — NYTimes.com". The New York Times. June 1, 1988. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
- ^ a b Castle, Stephen; MacKey, Robert (January 12, 2015). "Fox News Beats a Retreat After Gaffes About Islam". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ Oppenheim, Noah (October 22, 1999). "Extremism and Its Apologists". Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Neuman, Johanna (January 25, 2009). "Obama criticized for associating with Ingrid Mattson". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Birmingham, England, a 'no-go zone'? The diverse city says go on!". Los Angeles Times. January 30, 2015. Archived from the original on March 1, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
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- ^ a b "Michael Wines, NY Times Books, On the Trail of the Terrorists, April 29, 1990". The New York Times. April 29, 1990. Archived from the original on February 23, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ a b "9 questions about Birmingham that Fox News was too embarrassed to ask". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
Emerson has been accused of Islamophobia in the past.
- ^ ISBN 9781107002418. Archivedfrom the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-202-30679-7.
- ^ Schwartz, Stephen. "Why the Islamists Target Steve Emerson". Center for Islamic Pluralism. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Adrienne Edgar (May 19, 1991). "A Defector's Story". The New York Times.
- ^ Steven Emerson, Cristina Del Sesto (June 16, 1991). "A Defector's Story – Letter". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
- ^ "Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America". Center for American Progress. August 26, 2011. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
- ISBN 9781442229525. Archivedfrom the original on June 6, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
This is not different among Islamophobic opinion leaders in the United States such as Steven Emerson or Daniel Pipes, whose notions of Islamic jihadism as the new communism, and so on, have gained wide currency.
- ISBN 9781137290083. Archivedfrom the original on June 6, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
Robert Spencer, Daniel Pipes, New Ginrich, Steven Emerson, Glenn Beck, Frank Gaffney — many of the most prominent producers of Islamophobic discourse [...]
- S2CID 145686284.
"funding flows to the Islamophobia movement's 'misinformation experts' including...Steven Emerson of the Investigative Project on Terrorism
- ^ Emerson, Steven. "Will we ever learn? Obama White House can't admit Paris attacks 'Islamic terrorism'". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
- ^ EDWARD SAID - ON ORIENTALISM. Dir. Sut Jhally. Prod. Sanjay Talreja. Perf. Edward Said, Sut Jhally. Media Education Foundation, 1998. DVD.
- ^ Perry, Mitch. "John Sugg on why won't the Tampa Trib tell you what people in Nashville know about Steve Emerson?". Archived from the original on November 26, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
- ^ Gerstein, Josh. "A Prosecutor Is Called 'Relentless'". New York Sun. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
- ^ Andrew Cochran (November 29, 2007). "Special Public Event: Panel on Holy Land Foundation & Muslim Brotherhood". Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- ^ Hannity (April 18, 2013). "Saudi Man Cleared in Boston Bombing Now Being Deported?!". Fox News Insider. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
- Salon, Alex Seitz-Wald, April 18, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
- ^ Miller, Greg (April 16, 2013). "Injured Saudi is a witness, not a suspect, in Boston bombing". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
- ^ Steven Emerson (March 9, 2015). "Boston Marathon suspects Islamic terrorists, not Chechen separatists". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
- ^ "Boston Marathon bombings: Barack Obama statement on suspect's capture". The Daily Telegraph. April 20, 2013. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- ^ a b Walker, Tim (January 20, 2015). "Fox News Network Apologises for String of On-Air Gaffes". South Africa: Cape Times. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
- ^ Steven Emerson. "Emerson with Judge Pirro: No-Go Islamic Zones and Western Self-Denial". The Investigative Project on Terrorism. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
- ^ "Apology for 'Muslim Birmingham' Fox News claim". BBC. January 15, 2015. Archived from the original on March 6, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c "Apology for 'Muslim-only Birmingham'". BBC News. January 12, 2015. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
- ^ Alexander Seamer, "Fox News 'Birmingham is no-go zone for non-Muslims' comment found in breach of broadcasting code" Archived September 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Independent], September 21, 2015
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- ^ "Apology for 'Muslim Birmingham' Fox News claim". UK News Birmingham and Black Country. BBC News. January 12, 2015. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
- ^ Fox News corrects, apologizes for No Go Zone remarks Archived December 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, Eric Wemple, January 18, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
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- ^ Sanchez, Raf (January 11, 2015). "Fox News 'terror expert' says everyone in Birmingham is a Muslim". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
- ^ "The Huffington Post". January 14, 2015. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
- ^ a b Harte, Julia (December 15, 2021). "U.S. Muslim advocacy group fires Ohio chapter director for alleged spying". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 27, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
- ^ a b "US Muslim body: Another 'spy' confesses to links with far-right group". December 22, 2021. Archived from the original on December 25, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
Further reading
- Emerson, Steven. How I made 'Jihad in America' and lived to tell about it", February 26, 2002
- Mintz, John, "The Man Who Gives Terrorism A Name" The Washington Post, November 14, 2001
External links
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (February 2022) |
- Emerson's official website
- Investigative Project on Terrorism website
- Counter Terrorism blog, for which Emerson is a contributing expert
- Krantz, Matt, "Talk Today; Interact with People in the News; The bin Laden terror network: Steven Emerson", January 21, 2005. Retrieved January 20, 2010
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Unmasking October Surprise ‘Debunker’
- Steve Emerson: A journalist who knows how to take a leak
- Steven Emerson's Crusade