Stirling Moss
Entries | 67 (66 starts) |
---|---|
Championships | 0 |
Wins | 16 |
Podiums | 24 |
Career points | 185 9⁄14 (186 9⁄14)[1] |
Pole positions | 16 |
Fastest laps | 19 |
First entry | 1951 Swiss Grand Prix |
First win | 1955 British Grand Prix |
Last win | 1961 German Grand Prix |
Last entry | 1961 United States Grand Prix |
Sir Stirling Craufurd Moss
Early life
Moss was born in London to amateur racing drivers Alfred and Aileen Moss (née Craufurd).[5] His grandfather was Jewish and from a family that changed their surname from Moses to Moss.[6] He was brought up at Long White Cloud house on the south bank of the River Thames. His father was an amateur racing driver, who had come 16th in the 1924 Indianapolis 500,[5] and his mother had also been involved in motorsport, entering into hillclimbs at the wheel of a Singer Nine.[7] Moss was a gifted horse rider, as was his younger sister, Pat Moss, who went on to become a successful rally driver.[8]
Moss was educated at several independent schools: Shrewsbury House School, Clewer Manor Junior School, and Haileybury and Imperial Service College.[9] He disliked school and did not get good grades. At Haileybury, he was subjected to bullying due to his Jewish roots.[5] He concealed the bullying from his parents and used it as "motivation to succeed".[6] Moss received his first car, an Austin 7, from his father at the age of nine and drove it on the fields around Long White Cloud. He purchased his own car at age 15 after he obtained a driving licence.[5]
Racing career
Moss raced from 1948 to 1962, winning 212 of the 529 races he entered, including 16 Formula One Grands Prix.[10] He competed in as many as 62 races in one year and drove 84 different makes of car over the course of his career.[11] He preferred to race British cars, stating: "It is better to lose honourably in a British car than to win in a foreign one."[12] At Vanwall, he was instrumental in breaking the German and Italian stranglehold on F1. He kept his record of the most Formula One Grand Prix victories by an English driver until 1991, when Nigel Mansell overtook him.[13]
1948–1954
Moss began his career at the wheel of his father's 328 BMW, DPX 653. Moss was one of the Cooper Car Company's first customers, using winnings from competing in horse-riding events to pay the deposit on a Cooper 500 in 1948. He then persuaded his father, who opposed his son's racing career and wanted him to become a dentist,[14] to let him buy it. He soon demonstrated his natural talent and ability with numerous wins at both the national and international levels, and continued to compete in Formula Three,[15] with Coopers and Kiefts, after he had progressed to more senior categories.[5]
His first major international race victory came on the eve of his 21st birthday at the wheel of a
Also a competent rally driver, Moss was one of three people to have won a Coupe d'Or for three consecutive penalty-free runs on the Alpine Rally.[16] He finished second in the 1952 Monte Carlo Rally; driving a Sunbeam-Talbot 90 with Desmond Scannell and John Cooper as his co-drivers.[18] In 1954, he became the first non-American to win the 12 Hours of Sebring, sharing the Cunningham team's 1.5-litre O.S.C.A. MT4 with Bill Lloyd.[19]
In 1953, Mercedes-Benz racing boss Alfred Neubauer had spoken to Moss's manager, Ken Gregory, about the possibility of Moss's joining Mercedes. Having seen him do well in a relatively noncompetitive car, and wanting to see how he would perform in a better one, Neubauer suggested that Moss buy a Maserati for the 1954 season. He bought a Maserati 250F, and although the car's unreliability prevented him from scoring high amounts of points in the 1954 Drivers' Championship, he qualified alongside the Mercedes front runners several times and performed well in the races.[20] He achieved his first Formula One victory when he won the Oulton Park International Gold Cup.[15]
In the Italian Grand Prix, Moss passed both drivers who were regarded as the best in Formula One at the time – Juan Manuel Fangio in his Mercedes and Alberto Ascari in his Ferrari – and took the lead of the race. Ascari retired with engine problems, and Moss led until lap 68, when his engine also failed.[21] Fangio took the victory, and Moss had to push his Maserati to the finish line.[22] Neubauer, already impressed when Moss had tested a Mercedes-Benz W196 at Hockenheim, promptly signed him for the 1955 season.[23]
1955
Moss's first World Championship victory came at the 1955 British Grand Prix, a race he was also the first British driver to win.[24] Leading a 1–2–3–4 finish for Mercedes, it was the first time he had beaten Fangio, his teammate, rival, friend and mentor. It has been suggested that Fangio allowed Moss to win in front of his home crowd. Moss himself asked Fangio this repeatedly, and Fangio would always reply with: "No. You were just better than me that day."[25] The same year, Moss also won the RAC Tourist Trophy,[26] the Targa Florio (with Peter Collins),[27] and the Mille Miglia.[28]
Mille Miglia
In 1955 Moss won Italy's one-thousand-mile
1956–1962
Moss won the Nassau Cup at the 1956 and 1957 Bahamas Speed Week.[31] Also in 1957 he won on the longest circuit ever to hold a Formula One Grand Prix, the 25 km (16 mi) Pescara Circuit, where, yet again, he demonstrated his mastery in long-distance racing. The event lasted three hours and Moss beat Fangio, who started from pole position, by approximately 3 minutes.[15]
In 1958, Moss's forward-thinking attitude made waves in the racing world. Moss won the first race of the season in a rear-engined F1 car, which became the common design by 1961. At Monza that year, he raced in the Maserati 420M in the Race of Two Worlds, the first single-seater car in Europe to be sponsored by a non-racing brand – the Eldorado Ice Cream Company. This was the first case in Europe of contemporary sponsorship, with the ice-cream maker's colors replacing the ones assigned by the FIA.[32]
Moss's sporting attitude cost him the 1958 Formula One World Championship. When rival Mike Hawthorn was threatened with a penalty after the Portuguese Grand Prix, Moss defended him.[33] Hawthorn was accused of reversing on the track after spinning and stalling his car on an uphill section. Moss had shouted advice to Hawthorn to steer downhill, against traffic, to bump-start the car. Moss's quick thinking, and his defence of Hawthorn before the stewards, preserved Hawthorn's 6 points for finishing in second place. Hawthorn went on to beat Moss for the championship title by one point, even though he had won only one race that year to Moss's four. Moss's loss in the championship could also be attributed to an error in communication between his pit crew and the driver at one race. A point was given for the fastest lap in each race, and the crew signaled "HAWT REC", meaning that Hawthorn had set a record lap. Moss read this as "HAWT REG" and thought that Hawthorn was making regular laps, so he did not try to set a fast lap. The crew was supposed to signal the time of the lap, so Moss would know what he had to beat.[34]
Moss was as gifted in sports cars as in Grand Prix cars. To his victories in the Tourist Trophy, the Sebring 12 Hours and the Mille Miglia he added three consecutive wins from 1958 to 1960 in the
In the 1960 Formula One season, Moss won the
For the 1961 Formula One season, run under new 1.5-litre rules,
In 1962, Moss crashed his Lotus in the Glover Trophy. The accident put him in a coma for a month, and for six months the left side of his body was paralysed.[12][42] He recovered but retired from professional racing after a test session in a Lotus 19 the following year, when he lapped a few tenths of a second slower than before. He felt that he had not regained his instinctive command of the car after recovering from the coma. He had been runner-up in the Drivers' Championship four years in a row, from 1955 to 1958, and third from 1959 to 1961.[43][44]
Speed records
1950
At the
1952
Revisiting Montlhéry, Moss was one of a four-driver team, led by Johnson, who drove a factory-owned Jaguar XK120 fixed-head coupé for 7 days and nights at the French track.[46] Moss, Johnson, Bert Hadley, and Jack Fairman averaged 100.31 mph (161.43 km/h) to take four World records and five International Class C records, and covered a total of 16,851.73 mi (27,120.23 km).[47]
1957
In August, Moss broke five International Class F records in the purpose-built MG EX181 at Bonneville Salt Flats. The streamlined, supercharged car's speed for the flying kilometre was 245.64 mph (395.32 km/h), which was the average of two runs in opposite directions.[48]
Broadcasting career
Away from driving, in 1962 he acted as a
Moss also narrated the popular children's series Roary the Racing Car, which stars Peter Kay.[51]
Return to racing
Although ostensibly retired from racing since 1962, Moss did make a number of one-off appearances in professional motorsport events in the following two decades. He also competed in the
In 1980 he made a comeback to regular competition, in the British Saloon Car Championship with the works-backed GTi Engineering Audi team.[58] For the 1980 season Moss was the team's number-two driver to team co-owner Richard Lloyd.[59] For the 1981 season Moss stayed with Audi, as the team moved to Tom Walkinshaw Racing management, driving alongside Martin Brundle.[60]
Throughout his retirement he raced in events for historic cars, driving on behalf of and at the invitation of others, as well as campaigning his own
Post-racing career
Honours
In 1990, Moss was inducted into the
In 2006, Moss was awarded the FIA gold medal in recognition of his outstanding contribution to motorsport.
In 2016, in an academic paper that reported a mathematical modelling study that assessed the relative influence of driver and machine, Moss was ranked the 29th best Formula One driver of all time.[74] Following Moss's death, the Kinrara Trophy race at the Goodwood Revival meeting was renamed in his honour. It is a race for GT cars that competed before 1963.[75][76]
Biographies
In 1957, Moss published an autobiography called In the Track Of Speed, first published by Muller, London.[23] In 1963, motorsport author and commentator Ken Purdy published a biographical book entitled All But My Life about Moss (first published by William Kimber & Co, London), based on material gathered through interviews with Moss.[77] In 2015, when he was aged 85, Moss published a second autobiography, entitled My Racing Life, written with motor sports writer Simon Taylor.[78] In 2016, Philip Porter published the first volume of Stirling Moss – The Definitive Biography covering the period from birth up to the end of 1955, one of Moss's greatest years.[79]
Popular culture
During his driving career, Moss was one of the most recognised celebrities in Britain, leading to many media appearances. In March 1958, Moss was a guest challenger on the TV panel show What's My Line? (episode with
For many years during and after his career, the rhetorical phrase "Who do you think you are, Stirling Moss?" was supposedly the standard question all British policemen asked speeding motorists. Moss relates he himself was once stopped for speeding and asked just that; he reports the traffic officer had some difficulty believing him.[83] Moss was the subject of a cartoon biography in the magazine Private Eye that said he was interested in cars, women and sex, in that order. The cartoon, drawn by Willie Rushton, showed him continually crashing, having his driving licence revoked and finally "hosting television programmes on subjects he knows nothing about". It also made reference to the amnesia Moss suffered from as a result of head injuries sustained in the crash at Goodwood in 1962. Although there were complaints to the magazine about the cartoons, Moss rang Private Eye to ask whether he could use it as a Christmas card.[84]
Moss was one of the few drivers of his era to create a brand from his name for licensing purposes, which was launched when his website was revamped in 2009 with improved content. In 2004, Moss was a supporter of the UK Independence Party.[85] He was also a Mercedes-Benz Brand Ambassador, having kept a close relationship with the brand, and remained an enthusiast and collector of the brand, which includes the Mercedes-Benz W113, Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren Stirling Moss among others.[86]
Personal life
Moss was married three times.
In April 1960, Moss was found guilty of dangerous driving. He was fined £50 and banned from driving for one year after an incident near Chetwynd, Shropshire, when he was test-driving a Mini.[89] Moss was an accomplished woodworker and craftsman, and participated in the design and construction of several of his own homes.[90]
In 2013, Moss said that if a biopic were made about his life, he would want to be portrayed by "“someone masculine – not a
Moss's 80th birthday, on 17 September 2009, fell on the eve of the
Moss died at his home in Mayfair, London, on 12 April 2020, aged 90, after a long illness.[99][33]
Racing record
Career highlights
Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
- † Indicates shared drive with Hans Herrmann and Karl Kling.
- * Indicates shared drive with Cesare Perdisa.
- ‡ Indicates shared drive with Tony Brooks.
- [a] ^ After Moss retired from the race he took over the car of Trintignant. Both drivers did not receive any points for their shared drive.
Non-championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1951 | Stirling Moss | Jack Fairman | Jaguar C-Type | S5.0 | 92 | DNF | DNF |
1952 | Peter Walker | Peter Walker | Jaguar C-Type | S5.0 | DNF | DNF | |
1953 | Jaguar Cars Ltd. | Peter Walker | Jaguar C-Type | S5.0 | 300 | 2nd | 2nd |
1954 | Jaguar Cars Ltd. | Peter Walker | Jaguar D-Type | S5.0 | 92 | DNF | DNF |
1955 | Daimler-Benz AG
|
Juan Manuel Fangio | Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR | S3.0 | 134 | DNF | DNF |
1956 | David Brown | Peter Collins | Aston Martin DB3S | S3.0 | 299 | 2nd | 1st |
1957 | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Harry Schell | Maserati 450S Zagato Coupe | S5.0 | 32 | DNF | DNF |
1958 | David Brown Racing Dept. | Jack Brabham | Aston Martin DBR1/300 | S3.0 | 30 | DNF | DNF |
1959 | David Brown Racing Dept. | Jack Fairman | Aston Martin DBR1/300 | S3.0 | 70 | DNF | DNF |
1961 | North American Racing Team | Graham Hill | Ferrari 250 GT SWB | GT3.0 | 121 | DNF | DNF |
Source:[284]
|
Complete 12 Hours of Sebring results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1954 | B.S. Cunningham | Bill Loyd | Osca MT4 1450 | S1.5 | 168 | 1st | 1st |
1955 | Donald Healey Motor Co. | Lance Macklin | Austin-Healey 100 S | S3.0 | 176 | 6th | 5th |
1956 | David Brown & Sons, Ltd. | Peter Collins | Aston Martin DB3S | S3.0 | 51 | DNF | DNF |
1957 | Maserati Factory | Harry Schell | Maserati 300S | S3.0 | 195 | 2nd | 1st |
1958 | David Brown | Tony Brooks | Aston Martin DBR1/300 | S3.0 | 90 | DNF | DNF |
1959 | B.S. Cunningham | Briggs Cunningham Lake Underwood Russ Boss |
Lister-Jaguar
|
S3.0 | 164 | 15th | 6th |
The Lister Corp.
|
Ivor Bueb | Lister-Jaguar
|
S3.0 | 98 | DSQ | DSQ | |
1960 | Camoradi USA | Dan Gurney | Maserati Tipo 61 | S3.0 | 136 | DNF | DNF |
1961 | Camoradi International | Graham Hill | Maserati Tipo 61 | S3.0 | DNF | DNF | |
Camoradi USA | Masten Gregory Lloyd Casner |
Maserati Tipo 63 | S3.0 | DNF | DNF | ||
1962 | North American Racing Team | Innes Ireland John Fulp Fernand Tavano |
Ferrari 250 TRI/61
|
S3.0 | 128 | DSQ | DSQ |
Source:[284]
|
Complete 12 Hours of Reims results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | Peter Whitehead | P.N. Whitehead | Jaguar C-Type | S+2.0 | 243 | 1st | 1st |
1954 | Jaguar Cars Ltd. | Peter Walker | Jaguar C-Type | DNF | DNF | ||
1956 | Stirling Moss | Phil Hill | Cooper-Climax T39 | DNF | DNF | ||
Source:[284]
|
Complete Mille Miglia results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Pos. | Class Pos. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1951 | Jaguar | Frank Rainbow | Jaguar XK120 | S/GT+2.0 | DNF | DNF | |
1952 | Jaguar Cars Ltd. | Norman Dewis | Jaguar C-Type | S+2.0 | DNF | DNF | |
1953 | Jaguar Cars Ltd. | Mortimer Morris-Goodall | Jaguar C-Type | S+2.0 | DNF | DNF | |
1955 | Daimler Benz AG
|
Denis Jenkinson | Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR | S+2.0 | 1st | 1st | |
1956 | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Denis Jenkinson | Maserati 350S | S+2.0 | DNF | DNF | |
1957 | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Denis Jenkinson | Maserati 450S | S+2.0 | DNF | DNF | |
Source:[284]
|
Complete Rallye de Monte Carlo results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1952 | Sunbeam-Talbot | Desmond Scannell John A. Cooper |
Sunbeam-Talbot 90 | 2nd |
1953 | Sunbeam-Talbot | Desmond Scannell John A. Cooper |
Sunbeam-Talbot 90 | 6th |
1954 | Sunbeam-Talbot | Desmond Scannell John A. Cooper |
Sunbeam-Talbot 90 | 15th |
Source:[285]
|
Complete Bathurst 1000 results
Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1976 | Esmonds Motors | Jack Brabham | Holden LH Torana SL/R 5000 L34 | 3001cc – 6000cc | 37 | DNF | |
Source:[286]
|
Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)
Year | Team | Car | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | DC | Pts | Class |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980
|
GTI Engineering | Audi 80 GLE | B | MAL Ret† |
OUL 9† |
THR 21 |
SIL Ret |
SIL 13 |
BRH ? |
MAL 2† |
BRH 11 |
THR 10 |
SIL 18 |
16th | 24 | ? | |
1981
|
TWR Team BP | Audi 80 GLE | B | MAL 3† |
SIL 22 |
OUL 2† |
THR Ret |
BRH Ret† |
SIL 15 |
SIL 22 |
DON 9† |
BRH DNS† |
THR ? |
SIL 14 |
19th | 20 | 6th |
Source:[287]
|
† Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.
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- ^ a b Up until 1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.
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External links
- Official website
- Stirling Moss at 24 Hours of Le Mans (in French)
- Grand Prix History – Hall of Fame, Stirling Moss
- Stirling Moss profile at The 500 Owners Association
- BBC Face to Face interview with Stirling Moss and John Freeman, broadcast 12 June 1960
- Stirling Moss discography at Discogs
- Portraits of Stirling Moss at the National Portrait Gallery, London