Stonyhurst College

Coordinates: 53°50′50″N 2°28′17″W / 53.8471°N 2.4713°W / 53.8471; -2.4713
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53°50′50″N 2°28′17″W / 53.8471°N 2.4713°W / 53.8471; -2.4713

Stonyhurst College
Collegium Saxosylvanum
Jesuit)
HeadmasterJohn Browne
Students461
Location,
BB7 9PZ
,
England
Former pupilsOld Stonyhursts
Patron saintAloysius Gonzaga
ColoursGreen   and   White
Websitestonyhurst.ac.uk

Stonyhurst College is a

Grade I listed building.[4]
The school has been fully co-educational since 1999.

A precursor institution of the college was founded in 1593 by

preparatory school, St Mary's Hall, provides education for boys and girls aged 3–13.[8]

History

Stonyhurst Hall

The earliest deed concerning the Stanihurst is held in the college's Arundell Library; it dates from approximately 1200. In 1372, a licence was granted to John de Bayley for an oratory on the site.[9]: 11–12  His descendants, the Shireburn family, completed the oldest portion of the extant buildings.[9]: 46  Richard Shireburn began building the hall, which was enlarged by his grandson Nicholas who also constructed the ponds, avenue and gardens.[9]: 36  Following his death, the estate passed to his wife and then to sole heir, their daughter, Mary, the Duchess of Norfolk.

Great benefactor emerges

In 1754, it was inherited by her cousin,

Society of Jesus for the purpose of settling them and their evacuated charges from Northern France and the Austrian Netherlands.[10][11][page needed
]

The college

Fr Robert Persons SJ

The story of the school may be traced back to establishments in

Catholic education in Elizabethan England.[6] As such it was one of several expatriate English schools operating on the European mainland.[6] In 1762, the Jesuits were forced to flee and re-established their school at Bruges.[11][page needed] The school was moved in 1773 to Liège, where it operated for two decades before moving to Stonyhurst on 29 August 1794. Schooling resumed on 22 October that year.[9]
: 22 

The college flourished during the 19th century: the Society of Jesus was re-established in Britain at Stonyhurst in 1803,[9]: 36  and over the century, student numbers rose from the original twelve migrants from Liège.[9]: 20  By the turn of the following century, it had become England's largest Roman Catholic college.[12] Stonyhurst Hall underwent extensive alterations and additions to accommodate these numbers; the Old South Front was constructed in 1810, only to be demolished and replaced with much grander buildings in the 1880s.[13]: 195  A seminary was constructed on the estate, and an observatory and meteorological station erected in the gardens.[9]: 36  The 20th century saw the gradual hiring of a mostly lay staff, as the number of Jesuits declined.[13]: 164  The seminary at St Mary's Hall was closed, and the school discontinued its education of university-aged philosophers. With the closure of Beaumont College in 1967 and the transfer away from the Society of Jesus of Mount St Mary's College, Spinkhill, Derbyshire, in 2006, Stonyhurst became the sole Jesuit public school in England.

Since the

Second World War, the buildings have been refurbished or developed. Additions include new science buildings in the 1950s and 1960s, a new boarding wing in the 1960s, a new swimming pool in the 1980s and Weld House in 2010. The school became fully co-educational in 1999.[13]
: 178 

Hodder Place, St Mary's Hall and Hodder House

The original preparatory school to Stonyhurst,

Hodder Place, came into the hands of the Jesuits as part of the estate donated by alumnus Thomas Weld.[14] Originally used as a novitiate, it became a preparatory school to the college in 1807.[9]
: 36 

Heythrop Hall.[11][page needed] The poet Gerard Manley Hopkins, and John Tolkien, son of J. R. R. Tolkien, trained as priests there.[15][13]: 140  During World War II, the English College left Benito Mussolini's Italy and occupied the hall. After their return to Rome, St Mary's Hall opened as a middle school in 1946.[9]: 38  At the same time, Hodder Place continued to educate those aged eight to eleven, until its closure and conversion into flats in 1970. Hodder Place pupils moved up to St Mary's Hall to form Hodder Playroom.[13]: 194  As successor to Hodder Place, St Mary's Hall has a claim to being the oldest surviving preparatory school in Britain.[16]

In 2004, the old gymnasium at St Mary's Hall was converted into new nursery and infant facilities named

Hodder House, for those aged three to seven.[13]
: 181 

Religious life

The Lady Statue at the top of the Avenue, erected in 1882

The college is

Roman Catholic and has had a significant place in English Catholic history for many centuries (including controversial events such as the Popish Plot and Gunpowder Plot conspiracies). It was founded initially to educate English Catholics on the continent in the hope that, through them, Roman Catholicism might be restored in England.[13]
: 41–54 

Finally, the school settled in England in 1794 and the

Society of Jesus was officially re-established in Britain in 1803.[9]: 36  Stonyhurst remained the headquarters of the English Province until the middle of the century; by 1851, a third of the Province's Jesuits were based there.[13]: 140  Until the 1920s, Jesuit priests were trained on site in what is today the preparatory school. There was a drop in vocations after World War I and the seminary was closed. The number of Jesuits teaching at Stonyhurst fell to a third of the staff within a decade.[13]: 152  Since then, the Jesuit presence has been in decline, but the school continues to place Roman Catholicism and Jesuit philosophy at its core under the guidance of a Jesuit-led chaplaincy team and the involvement of the Jesuits in its governance.[17]

Chapels

The school has one main church,

College of St Omer and held them beneath the altar since 1859. His bones were temporarily removed in 2006 while the chapel underwent restoration, but they have since been returned.[19] The chapel is again used by the re-established Sodality. Adjacent to the Old Infirmary is the Rosary Garden, a place for spiritual contemplation, at the centre of which is a stone statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[20]

St Peter's Church underwent extensive repair and refurbishment in 2010–11. Most of the Victorian stencilling was not restored, although the whitewash was removed from the stencilling above the altar.[21]

Traditions

It is a long-standing practice, as with many Jesuit schools around the world, that pupils write

A.M.D.G. in the top left hand corner of any piece of work they do. It stands for the Latin phrase Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam which means For the Greater Glory of God. At the end of a piece of work they write L.D.S. in the centre of the page. It stands for Laus Deo Semper which means Praise to God Always. These are both traditional Jesuit mottoes.[22]

Charitable status

Public gardens and Typographia Collegii

As a registered charity,

state schools, arranging shared activities with their pupils, in particular those serving special needs children.[26] In addition, the school makes available some places to pupils offered on scholarship, bursaries or free of charge; almost a third of current pupils receive financial support for their places.[27]

Motto

The French motto Quant je puis, 'As much as I can' is central to the ethos of the school, which focuses upon the all-round development of the individual.[28] It is inherited from the Shireburn family who once owned the original mansion on the site; the family emblem is emblazoned, in stone, with the motto, above the fireplace in the Top Refectory.[11][page needed]

Academic

Academic standards are high: 93% of

A-Level leavers take up places at universities (10% to Oxbridge) or on gap year schemes.[2] The school's most recent inspection rated much of the education and pastoral provision as 'outstanding'.[29]

Ten GCSEs are usually taken by each pupil, consisting of five compulsory subjects (Religious Studies,

Literature, and a modern language (French, German or Spanish) plus Information Technology and Personal, Social Education, with five other options from humanities, sciences, or arts subjects.[30] In Poetry (lower sixth), four or five AS-Levels are taken from a choice of 25 subjects, with a weekly Theology class. One of these may be dropped and the remainder, or all, taken on to A-Level. Six A* – C grades are the requirement for Sixth Form entry.[30]
Each academic department has dedicated teaching rooms around the school, in addition to the general classrooms and playroom study places.

Education during the college's early history was based on

College of St Omer, of dividing a class into Romans and Carthaginians continued long after the migration to Stonyhurst but is not employed today; each pupil would be pitched against an opponent with the task of picking up on the other's mistakes in an attempt to score points.[13]
: 195 

Until Roman Catholics were admitted to Oxbridge in 1854, Stonyhurst was also home to "philosopher gentlemen" studying BA courses under the London Matriculation Examination system. Their numbers began to fall after 1894 and the department was closed in 1916.[31]

Libraries and collections

The More Library in 2003, prior to refurbishment.

Stonyhurst College has four main libraries: the Arundell, the Bay, the Square and the More (dedicated to

Saint Thomas More).[32][33]

The More Library is the main library for students while the 'House Libraries' (the Arundell, the Bay, and the Square) contain many artefacts from the

Stonyhurst Gospel of St John before it was loaned to the British Library, as well as a First Folio of Shakespeare.[9]
: 66–7 

The Do Room, displaying items from the collections.

Among those collections kept away from public view are numerous blood-soaked garments from Jesuits martyred in Japan, the skull of

St Edmund Campion SJ, hair of St Francis Xavier SJ, an enormous solid silver jewel-encrusted monstrance, the Wintour vestments, a cope made for Henry VII, and a thorn said to be from the crown of thorns placed upon Jesus' head at the crucifixion.[11]
: 137–140 

The school owns paintings, including a portrait of Tsar

Dürer, such as the 'Greater Passion' and the 'Car of Maximillian'.[11]
: 137–140 

Observatory

The rear of the Observatory

The school has a functioning observatory which was built in 1866.

Sir Edward Sabine chose the observatory as one of his main stations when conducting a magnetic survey of Britain in 1858. Five years later Fr Sidgreaves began the first series of monthly geometric observations, which continued until May 1919.[37] During the course of the twentieth century, the observatory fell out of use and its telescope, parts of which dated to the 1860s, was sold after the Second World War. When its private owner came to sell it, the college was able to buy it back and restore it to its original home.[38] The observatory is today used for astronomical purposes again, whilst also functioning as one of four weather stations used by the Met Office to provide central England temperature data (CET).[39]

"The observatory has been made famous by many astronomers of wide reputation," says Britannica.

Arts

Music, drama and art

Music plays a prominent rôle in school life. All those entering the school in Lower Grammar (year nine) are obliged to learn to play an orchestral instrument.[40] There are two choirs: the Chapel Choir, which sings regularly at mass, and the Schola Cantorum, composed of teachers and pupils, which sings at concerts and public events such as the May celebration in the college amphitheatre.[41] Pupils participate in the school orchestra and various bands, whilst the staff band is a feature of the Poetry Banquet and Rhetoric Ball.[40]

Drama is equally important, with plays staged throughout the school year, the main performance being at

BAFTA-winning director and producer Peter Glenville.[13]
: 188–192 

Art is an important part of the curriculum, and is compulsory for those in Lower Grammar (year nine).

Golden Jubilee year; upon receipt of a copy, the Queen's lady-in-waiting said that "The Queen was delighted to see the painting and know that it is on display in the school".[46]

Literary associations

Stonyhurst has provided inspiration for poets and authors who include former classics teacher

Oliver St John Gogarty ("Stately plump Buck Mulligan" in James Joyce's Ulysses) were educated at the school, (as were the sons of Oscar Wilde and Evelyn Waugh).[13]: 188–192  George Archer-Shee, at the centre of Terence Rattigan's play The Winslow Boy, is an alumnus.[49]

The school runs its own publication company, St Omer's Press, which publishes religious literature, and first began when the college was located at St Omer in Flanders.[50]

Sport

Pupils are required to participate in games on a regular basis. The school plays rugby union and other sports. Since turning fully co-educational, hockey and rounders have widened the sports programme.[51]

Rugby

Stonyhurst College Rugby Union Football Club (SCRUFC) has played a big part in the life of the school, despite only supplanting football as the school's primary sport in 1921.[11][page needed] All boys are encouraged to play when they enter Lower Grammar but are not required to play throughout their time at the school. Stonyhurst has a successful rugby season, with games well supported by pupils, staff and parents. Sporting rivalry is particularly prominent against fellow Catholic independent schools Ampleforth College, Mount St Mary's College and Sedbergh School in Cumbria. The Stonyhurst Sevens take place annually, attracting large crowds and teams from all over the country.[52]

The school has produced sixteen international rugby players (England (5), Ireland (6), Scotland (1) Italy (1), the USA (1) Bermuda (1) and the Bahamas (1)), as well as players for the Barbarians and the British and Irish Lions.

Irish Exiles and the Welsh Exiles (under 19s).[55] Old boys have also played at varsity level and have won blues for Oxford or Cambridge.[56][57]

The Ambulacrum, used for sport, the CCF, and indoor marquee, one of the first structures of its kind in Britain, built in 1851.

Stonyhurst has had well-known coaches, including former England coaches

Brian Ashton who coached the first XV.[58]
Many pupils have represented Stonyhurst in the England Schools U16 and U18 Rugby teams. These include Daniel Mckenzie and Andy Fuller who both received an U18 England cap in 2000.

Stonyhurst Football

Stonyhurst Football, inherited from the

College of St Omer (along with Stonyhurst Cricket), was played between the handball walls on the Playground.[11][page needed] The game was discontinued with the advent of association football but was re-established in 1988 when a "Grand Match" was played at Great Academies; traditionally a "Grand Match" was played on Shrove Tuesday and was the primary Stonyhurst Football match of the season.[13]: 116  The teams were England vs France (although during the Crimean War England vs Russia was played and more recently England vs Ireland was played in the 1980s).[13]
: 116  The last game took place in 1995.

Rhetoric vs. Hodder cricket and rounders

Towards the end of the Summer Term each year, Rhetoric boys issue a challenge, written in Latin, to the boys in preparatory at Stonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall, inviting them to compete in a cricket match. Preparatory respond in turn, also in Latin. The Rhetoricians take part wearing fancy dress, and are traditionally defeated by preparatory.[59] In 2003, the tradition was adopted by the girls who issued a Latin challenge to preparatory girls inviting them to compete at rounders.

Military

The war memorial, by Gilbert Ledward

Officer Training Corps (OTC)

The Stonyhurst

Vatican II.[62]

Combined Cadet Corps (CCF)

After the

Second World War, school OTCs were succeeded by the Combined Cadet Force.[63] Stonyhurst's is run from the College Armoury adjoining the Ambulacrum and Shooting Range, led by a team of officers under a Major assigned to the school.[60] It meets weekly on a Thursday afternoon and comprises the following platoons named after Stonyhurst's seven Victoria Cross winners:[60]

Junior company

Senior company

  • Dease Platoon
    (Lieutenant Maurice James DEASE V.C., Mons, Belgium 1914)
  • Jackman Platoon
    (Captain James Joseph Bernard JACKMAN V.C., Ed Duda, Tobruk, 1941)
  • Andrews Platoon
    (Captain Harold Marcus ERVINE-ANDREWS V.C., Dunkirk 1940)
  • Support Platoon

Those in Grammar Playroom (year ten) are automatically enrolled in the CCF and are given the option of continuing at the end of the year, following a summer camp which takes place at a local barracks.

Junior Under Officer, his sergeant and corporals who are sixth form students.[60]

Military careers

Some pupils have gone on to receive places at the

Old Stonyhurst (O.S.) were killed in the two World Wars and are commemorated on the war memorial at the end of the Upper Gallery.[67]

The Stonyhurst War Records were published in their honour. A memorial at the top of the main staircase records the names of the six

Boer War
.

School organisation

Playroom system

Lower Grammar Playroom in 2006

Unlike most English public schools, Stonyhurst is organised horizontally by year groups (known as playrooms) rather than vertically by houses, although the girls are also split into junior and senior houses.[68] Each playroom has an assigned playroom master, with each cohort moving through the playrooms, having a sequence of playroom masters (rather than a single housemaster).[68]

Lines

In addition to the horizontal division of the school into playrooms, there is also a vertical grouping which cuts through the year groups, the "lines", and is used mostly for competitive purposes in sport and music.[69] The lines and colours are as follows:

  • Campion (red) (named after St Edmund Campion)
  • St Omers (yellow, though brown for sporting attire) (named after St Omer, the town the school was founded in)
  • Shireburn (green) (named after the Shireburn family which built Stonyhurst)
  • Weld (blue) (named after Thomas Weld who donated Stonyhurst to the Jesuits)

Notable events in the school year

Top Refectory, today used for social functions

The Ascensio Scholarum, inherited from the

College of St Omer, in its present form, is the opening address of the headmaster at the beginning of the year to the entire school gathered in the Academy Room.[70] Previously, it was a formal transition for pupils from one playroom to the next at the beginning of the year, which involved a pupil from each year announcing to the playroom of the year below them that the next playroom had been vacated by the senior pupils.[9]: 24  The students and their belongings would then move up to their next playroom.[9]
: 24 

"Great Academies" takes place annually at the end of the first half of the summer term. Although different in its present form, it is a continuation of a tradition begun at St Omers, with the first taking place at Stonyhurst on 6 August 1795.[11][page needed] Today, it is an occasion when the school is on display – there are exhibitions, musical performances, the school play, sporting events, as well as prize-giving and the headmaster's speech, culminating with the Rhetoric Ball and Rhetoric Mass the following morning.[71]

Stonyhurst Association

The South Front viewed from the gardens

After less formal arrangements had been made for many years, the Association was formed in 1879.

Eagle Aid.[73]

Alumni

Stonyhurst has educated prominent individuals in every area, from statesmen to sportsmen, and actors to archbishops.

Bolivian president, a New Zealand prime minister, a signatory of the American Declaration of Independence and several writers, sportsmen, and politicians.[74][75][13]
: 188–192 

Notable alumni include:

Contemporaries

Notable masters

Headmasters

Since the college's foundation in Flanders in 1593, there have been 78 headmasters, (variably known as presidents, rectors, superiors and directors).[79] Until the appointment of Giles Mercer in 1985, the headmaster had always been a member of the Society of Jesus. There have been three lay headmasters.[80]

Controversy

James Chaning-Pearce, a priest who taught at the school, was gaoled for sexually assaulting pupils between 1987 and 1995. The youngest victim was a boy of 12.[81] In 1999, the Lancashire Constabulary conducted "Operation Whiting", which looked into allegations of abuse at the school dating back to the 1970s. This resulted in two convictions, one of which was quashed on appeal. On 14 May 2002, a parliamentary committee member described the operation as "a scandal in itself" and an "expensive... fiasco".[82]

Another priest, Father Paul Symonds, at Stonyhurst between 1972 and 1979, was arrested in November 2009 for having allegedly abused a 13-year-old boy for three years.[83] The case was dropped by the CPS Lancashire, a year later and was revealed in March 2014.

In 2014, Stonyhurst was fined £100,000 and ordered to pay £31,547.78 in legal costs for the prosecution after pleading guilty to a breach of the

Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 for health and safety failings after a stonemason working for the college developed silicosis, a potentially fatal lung disease. The college made the stonemason, who had worked for the college for almost 12 years, redundant, four months after his diagnosis.[84]

See also

References

  1. ^ George Gruggen and Joseph Keating, Stonyhurst: Its Past History and Life in the Present (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1901) p. 65.
  2. ^ a b ISBI Schools Stonyhurst entry on ISBI 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2009 Archived 13 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ UK Jesuits Archived 26 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine Stonyhurst entry on UK Jesuit schools 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2008
  4. ^ Visits & Contacts Stonyhurst: visitor information 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2008 Archived 21 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b c d e f Stonyhurst College in Encyclopædia Britannica 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2008
  6. ^ a b c d Pollen, John Hungerford (1911). "Robert Persons" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11.
  7. ^ UK Independent Schools Directory Stonyhurst entry 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2008
  8. ^ Welcome Stonyhurst: welcome page. Retrieved 17 July 2008 Archived 31 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q The Authorities of Stonyhurst College, A Stonyhurst Handbook for Visitors and Others, (Stonyhurst, Lancashire. Third edition 1963)
  10. S2CID 163342081
    .
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j A. Hewitson, Stonyhurst College, Present and Past: Its History, Discipline, Treasures and Curiosities, (Preston: the Chronicle office, Fishergate. 1888, second edition)
  12. ^ Catholic Encyclopaedia Stonyhurst entry in the Catholic Encyclopaedia (1912). Retrieved 18 July 2008
  13. ^
  14. ^ a b Legacies Stonyhurst: information on legacies 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008 Archived 18 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ BBC Lancashire BBC article on Stonyhurst & Tolkien connections 2003. Retrieved 18 July 2008
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  19. ^ Sodality Chapel Archived 9 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine Stonyhurst: article on the rededication of the Sodality Chapel 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
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  21. ^ Refurbishment of St Peter's Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 30 November 2011
  22. ^ AMDG Information on the Jesuit motto AMDG; retrieved 18 July 2008
  23. ^ Salford Diocese Information on St Peter's Church 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008 Archived 31 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ London 2012 Stonyhurst: article on London 2012, 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008 Archived 24 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
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  26. ^ Faith Primary School Stonyhurst: article on Faith Primary School 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2008 Archived 26 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
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  28. ^ As Much as I Can Stonyhurst: letter from the headmaster 2007; retrieved 18 July 2008 Archived 29 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ "Stonyhurst Inspection Report" (PDF). Retrieved 26 August 2010.[dead link]
  30. ^ a b Academic Stonyhurst: information on academic life 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008 Archived 27 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  31. p. 151
  32. ^ Stadwick, S.J., Hubert (1957). "Stonyhurst College:Unfamiliar Libraries II." The Book Collector 6 No.4 (winter): 343-349.
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  34. pp. 145–7
  35. ^ BBC Two – Earth: The Climate Wars, Fightback, Dr Iain Stewart. Retrieved 20 September 2008
  36. ^ a b Fr. Walter Sidgreaves (1837–1919). Retrieved 18 July 2008
  37. ^ Fr Walter Sidgreaves (1837–1919). Retrieved 18 July 2008
  38. ^ Telescope Archived 5 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Article on Stonyhurst's telescope 2002. Retrieved 18 July 2008
  39. ^ Met Office Retrieved 21 October 2009
  40. ^ a b Music Stonyhurst: information on music at the school 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008 Archived 29 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
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  43. p. 173
  44. ^ RVIPW Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Ribble Valley International Piano Week 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008
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  49. ^ This is Lancashire[dead link]. Retrieved 7 February 2009
  50. ^ St Omers Press Archived 18 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine St Omer's Press website 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008
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  52. ^ Bolton News News article, 12 March 2003. Retrieved 18 July 2008
  53. ^ Susan Greenwood SMH: article on Mrs Greenwood, June 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2008
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  61. p. 123
  62. p. 139
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  67. pp. 150–151
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  69. p. 156
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  71. p. 174
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  75. ^ "Obituary: Dr John Harbison". Sunday Independent. 20 December 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  76. ^ [1] Archived 6 September 2003 at the Wayback Machine Biography on Hollis. Retrieved 7 February 2009
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  78. p. 193
  79. ^ Maurice Whitehead (16 January 2006). "Rectors, presidents and headmasters of the English Jesuit college of St Omers, Bruges, Liège and Stonyhurst since 1593". Archived from the original on 21 December 2004. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
  80. ^ BBC News; retrieved 20 December 2011.
  81. ^ Parliamentary Select Committee Minutes; retrieved 20 December 2011.
  82. ^ Priest arrested over abuse claim from BBC News retrieved 26 March 2014
  83. ^ Stonyhurst College prosecuted after stonemason develops lung disease

Further reading

  • Chadwick, Hubert, S.J. (1962), St Omers to Stonyhurst, (Burns & Oats), No ISBN
  • Walsh, R.R. (1989), Stonyhurst War Record 1935–45 (T.H.C.L. Blackburn),

External links