Storm (Marvel Comics)
Ororo Munroe Storm | |
---|---|
Publication information | |
Publisher | Marvel Comics |
First appearance | Giant-Size X-Men #1 (May 1975) |
Created by | |
In-story information | |
Alter ego | Ororo Munroe |
Species | Human mutant |
Place of origin | New York City |
Team affiliations | X-Men Avengers Fantastic Four |
Notable aliases | Weather Witch White King Windrider |
Abilities |
|
Storm is a
Born Ororo Munroe to a tribal princess of
Created during the Bronze Age of Comic Books, Storm is the first major female character of African descent in American comics.[citation needed] Storm has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful female heroes. She is regarded by some as Marvel Comics' most important female superhero, having drawn favourable comparison to DC Comics' most famous female lead Wonder Woman. When Marvel and DC Comics published a DC vs. Marvel miniseries in 1996, Storm was pitted against Wonder Woman in a one-on-one battle and emerged victorious due to winning a popular vote amongst readers.[citation needed]
One of the most prominent characters in the X-Men series, Storm has appeared in various forms of media relating to the franchise, including animation, television, video games, and a series of films. The character was first portrayed in live-action by
Publication history
1975–1979: Origin and early stories
Storm first appeared in 1975 in the comic book Giant-Size X-Men #1, written by Len Wein and pencilled by Dave Cockrum. In this comic, Wein uses a battle against the living island Krakoa to replace the first-generation X-Men of the 1960s with new X-Men.[3] Storm was an amalgam of two characters Cockrum created: The Black Cat and Typhoon.[4] The Black Cat had Storm's costume, minus the cape, and was submitted for the new X-Men's original lineup. However, during a hiatus in the new X-Men project, other female cat characters like Tigra were introduced, making the Black Cat redundant.[5]
Since the creative team did not want the X-Men to have an all-male lineup, editor Roy Thomas suggested that Cockrum make his character Typhoon, originally designed as a male, into the woman of the group.[4] Cockrum liked the idea and outfitted Typhoon with The Black Cat's costume, a cape, and a new haircut with white hair. His collaborators feared that Storm's white hair would make her look like a grandmother, but Cockrum, confident that he could consistently draw the character so that she would appear young, insisted on this aspect of her appearance.[4][5]
Backstory
In The Uncanny X-Men #102 (December 1976), Claremont established Storm's backstory. Storm's mother, N'Dare, was the princess of a tribe in
Claremont further fleshed out Storm's backstory in The Uncanny X-Men #117 (January 1979). He retroactively added that Professor X, who recruits her in Giant Size X-Men #1 of 1975, had already met her as a child in Cairo. As Ororo grows up on the streets and becomes a proficient thief under the tutelage of master thief Achmed el-Gibar, one of her most notable victims was Charles Francis Xavier, later Professor X. He is able to use his mental powers to temporarily prevent her escape and recognizes the potential in her. However, when Xavier is attacked mentally by Amahl Farouk, the Shadow King, the two men are preoccupied enough with their battle to allow the girl to escape. Both Xavier and the Shadow King recognize Storm as the young girl later.[7]
1980s: Punk look and loss of powers
In the following issues, Claremont portrayed Storm as a serene, independent character. Although Storm was initially written having trouble adjusting to
In the early 1980s, adventures of Storm written by Claremont included a space opera arc, in which the X-Men fight parasitic beings called the Brood. Storm is infected with a Brood egg and contemplates suicide, but then experiences a last-minute save by the benign whale-like Acanti aliens.[12] Storm's fellow X-Man Angel is abducted by a rogue mutant group called the Morlocks. The X-Men are outnumbered, and Storm is rendered sick by the Morlock called Plague. To save Kitty's life, Storm challenges the Morlocks' leader Callisto, in a duel to the death for the leadership of the Morlocks. Despite being violently sick, she defeats Callisto by stabbing her with a knife. Callisto is saved through the efforts of a Morlock healer, and Storm offers the Morlocks refuge at the Xavier Mansion, though they decline.[13]
In The Uncanny X-Men #173 (October 1983), Claremont and artist Paul Smith created a new look for Storm, abandoning her old costume for black leather top and pants, and changing her former veil of white hair into a punk mohawk.[15] The change in appearance was inspired by the decision of colleague Walt Simonson to shave off his beard and mustache while on vacation with his wife, X-Men editor Louise Simonson. Upon their return, Simonson's daughter, Julie, upset at her father's new appearance, ran from the room.[16] When the editors decided to change Storm's appearance, Smith submitted a number of designs to them, explaining in a 2008 interview:
I did a number of portraits, all quite lovely and feminine. As a joke, I included a shot of her as Mr. T. You know, the kind of shot where they HAVE to go the other way. Weezie [X-Men editor Louise Simonson]'s response? 'They're going to hang us whichever way we go. Let's commit the murder.' I argued it was a joke and a monstrously bad idea but, given my departure following 175 was set prior to beginning my run, my vote didn't count. So I did what I could with what I had left... So we went with the Mohawk ...But once you get into the whole leather and stud thing it was a bad joke that got way out of hand.[14][17]
Julie Simonson's reaction to her father's new appearance would be mirrored in X-Man
By 1986, the question arose of whether the X-Men would be led by Storm or by Cyclops, who was now married to Madelyne Pryor and an expectant husband. The two settled the matter in a duel in the Danger Room that saw Storm victorious.[24] It was later revealed during the "Inferno" storyline that Madelyne's nascent psychic abilities had emerged during that duel, unbeknownst to her or anyone, and that she had subconsciously used those abilities to influence the duel.[25]
During the 1988 "
In the following arc, "
1990s
In October 1991, the X-Men franchise was re-launched, centering on the new eponymous
2000s
In
During the 2005 "
The following year, Marvel Comics announced that Storm would marry fellow African super hero
Storm joins the reformed Astonishing X-Men #25 because she explains, Wakanda is a supporter of Mutantes Sans Frontieres and she believes she should be on the front line, however, she is also somewhat bored of her life as queen. The reemergence of the Shadow King later forces Storm to choose between her role as queen and her role as an X-Man. Confronting the Panther God Bast, Storm asserts that she is not limited to being one or the other or anything else and that she is unafraid to do whatever is necessary to fulfill those responsibilities. Regaining Bast's favor, the two defeat the Shadow King and Storm decides that she will remain Queen of Wakanda and remain with the X-Men, refusing to choose between them.[46] Seeking to re-learn his limitations, T'Challa later leaves Africa and takes a new role as the guardian of Hell's Kitchen following the events of Shadowland; Though the two remain a couple, Storm sadly but respectfully accepts T'Challa's request for temporary isolation so that he can find himself.[volume & issue needed]
2010s
After the
In April 2013, Marvel debuted a new all-female series simply named X-Men. Written by Brian Wood with art by Olivier Coipel, X-Men features a roster of Storm, Jubilee, Rogue, Kitty Pryde, Rachel Grey and Psylocke.[51]
In late 2013, Marvel debuted Amazing X-Men by writer Jason Aaron, which featured Storm as a member of the team.[52]
July 2014 saw the debut of a Storm solo series written by Greg Pak with art by Victor Inanez.[53]
In the aftermath of "Secret Wars" storyline, Storm became the leader of the
Following the war with the Inhumans, Storm steps down as leader of the X-Men and is replaced by
Historical significance
Storm was one of the first black comic book characters, and the first black female, except for
Gladys L. Knight, author of Female Action Heroes: A Guide to Women in Comics, Video games, Film, and Television (2010) wrote that "two defining aspects of her persona are her racial identity and her social status as a mutant."
Fictional character biography
Ever since her inception in 1975, Storm's biography has largely stayed the same. The framework was laid first by Chris Claremont, who fleshed out her backstory in The Uncanny X-Men #102 (1976),[6] #113 (1978)[69] and #117 (1979).[7] Some reinterpretations were made in 2005 and 2006, where writers Mark Sumerak and Eric Jerome Dickey, respectively, rewrote part of her early history in the miniseries Ororo: Before the Storm[38] and Storm vol. 2.[70]
According to established Marvel canon, Ororo Munroe is born in New York City as the child of Kenyan tribal princess N'Dare and American photographer David Munroe. When Ororo is six months old, she and her parents move to the Egyptian capital of
In the Serengeti, Ororo first displays her mutant ability to control the weather. Sometime after this, she met the witch-priestess, Ainet, who took her in and became her surrogate mother. Once, when their village was going through a terrible drought, Storm commanded rain for days just to help them. By doing this, she threw off the natural order of nature, and droughts were formed over numerous villages, and hundreds of animals were killed. Sensing the damage she had done, Ainet told Storm that her kind but poorly considered gesture had unintended consequences. Ainet took this opportunity to explain to Ororo how her powers worked with nature, and how she could fix the problem by properly distributing rain.[73]
For a time, she is worshiped as a rain goddess to an African tribe, practicing nudism and tribal spirituality, before being recruited by Professor X into the X-Men. Ororo receives the code name "Storm" and is established as a strong, serene character.[3] In her early career with the X-Men, she suffers a major claustrophobic attack, which prompts a revelation of her origin to her teammates.[6] Jean Grey becomes a close friend as Ororo acclimatizes to the team and the United States, the two supporting each other as the only female X-Men.[74][75] When Magneto captures the team, Storm frees the X-Men from captivity.[69] Storm is later captured by the White Queen,[76] leading up to the X-Men's clash with Dark Phoenix.[77] She becomes deputy leader of the X-Men,[78] and supplants her colleague Cyclops as leader of the X-Men,[9] a role she fills out during most of her time as a superhero. She briefly became "Rogue Storm",[79] and even switched bodies with the White Queen.[80] She is attacked by Dracula,[81] and defeats Callisto, becoming the new leader of the Morlocks.[82] Following her leadership of the Morlocks through combat with Callisto, Storm begins to develop a darker side. Eventually, the X-Men are invited to Japan for Wolverine's wedding to Mariko Yashida. It is here that she meets Wolverine's old friend Yukio, and the two become fast friends. Storm is inspired by Yukio, who encourages Storm to embrace her emerging darker side. This leads Storm to drastically change her outward appearance to match her inner self and thus don her iconic punk drab.[83]
In a storyline that began in 1984, Storm is deprived of her superhuman powers by an energy weapon fired by
After
Around the early 2010s, Storm assumes a leadership position in a team operating from the island of Utopia, near San Francisco, after the
After the Marvel Universe reboot in the Secret Wars crossover (2015), Storm returns to the fold in Extraordinay X-Men, trying to deal with a new plague called M-Pox.[106] The M-Pox is based on the dispersal on the atmosphere of the Terrigen Mists, and this situation rises the tensions between mutants and Inhumans, culminating in the crossover Inhumans vs. X-Men.
ResurrXion
When Kitty Pryde returns from space to lead the X-Men, Storm joins her and a few familiar faces in the new X-Men Gold title.[107] During the same period, she also rekindles her friendship with a resurrected Jean Grey and joins her Red team.[108]
Dawn of X
In the new status quo for mutants post
Storm is seen attacking the last compound of Orchis on Earth with Magneto, Polaris and Cyclops.[110] She also is part of the Marauders crew with White Queen, Captain Kitty Pryde, Iceman, Pyro and Bishop.[111]
Another parallel storyline involves her attempts to find a cure for a technorganic infection.[112] Later, after the Hellfire Gala and the terraforming of planet Mars, Storm leaves the Marauders and becomes the regent of Arakko and Voice of the Sol System.[113][114]
Powers and abilities
Weather control
Storm is one of the most powerful
Her precise control over the atmosphere allows her to create special weather effects. She can create precipitation at higher or lower altitudes than normal, make whirlwinds travel pointing lengthwise in any direction, channel ambient
Storm has also demonstrated the ability to control natural forces that include cosmic storms, solar wind, ocean currents, and the electromagnetic field.[117] She has demonstrated the ability to separate water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen via electrolysis, allowing her to breathe underwater.[118] While in outer space, she is able to affect and manipulate the interstellar and intergalactic media. Storm can alter her visual perceptions so as to see the universe in terms of energy patterns, detecting the flow of kinetic, thermal and electromagnetic energy behind weather phenomena and can bend this energy to her will.
Storm has been shown to be sensitive to the dynamics of the natural world, and her psionic powers over the weather are affected by her emotions. One consequence of this connection to nature is that she often suppresses extreme feelings to prevent her emotional state from resulting in violent weather. She has once sensed a diseased and dying tree on the
Magical potential
Storm's ancestry supports the use of magic and
Combat and thievery
Storm's willpower is strong enough to defy Dracula's commands after he bites her.[81] She is an expert thief, and a skilled, cunning and gifted hand-to-hand fighter, trained by Achmed el-Gibar, Professor X, Wolverine and T'Challa, the Black Panther. By using superior strategy, Storm has overcome physically stronger foes like Callisto and the Crimson Commando in hand-to-hand combat. Storm is an excellent marksman with handguns, and is proficient in the use of knives. Storm is also fluent in Russian, Arabic, and Swahili. As part of her paraphernalia, Storm carries a set of lock-picks (with which she has an extraordinary ability at picking locks, including her teeth while her physical coordination was reduced to the level of an infant[69]) and her ancestral ruby, which allows inter-dimensional transportation with the help of her lightning.[115]
Physical abilities and traits
Storm's weather powers allow her body to compensate for climate extremes; on one occasion as she was trying to control an unnatural storm she becomes overwhelmed as her body temperature rises too high.[128] In The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe – X-Men (2004), it is stated that her powers enable her to breathe while moving at any speed and protect her from air friction, while granting her protection from temperature extremes of heat and cold; the All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Update #1 (2007) states that Storm's body changes temperature in opposition to her environment so that the colder the environment the warmer her body gets, and the warmer the environment the colder her body gets.
Her body compensates for rapid decreases or increases in atmospheric pressure.[129] She can see in near-complete darkness and has superb dexterity.[69][130] Storm has been described as having one of the strongest wills among the X-Men, making her highly resistant to psychic attacks especially in tandem with electrical fields she creates around herself. Telepaths have found it difficult to track her down and probe her thoughts. Several of these traits are independent of her mutant status and are a result of her ancestry. Also, when using her powers, Storm's eyes turn solid white.[115]
Storm has been stated to be an Omega-Level Mutant.[131][132][133]
Her potential is as of yet unrealized, and on one occasion the Super Giant stated that Storm was an "Omega-Level Mutate", grouping and targeting her with Omega-Level mutants such as Iceman and Rachel Grey.[134] Her Omega-Level status was eventually confirmed.[133]
Storm's real name "Ororo" is translated in her language as "Beauty".
Cultural impact and legacy
Critical reception
Andrew Wheeler of
Karen Attiah of
Ramzi Fawaz argues that "Storm's embodiment of the black female 'disco diva' that dominated gay and African American visual culture--namely through her cascading mane of white hair, her hyperbolic performance of an 'African goddess' persona, and her skin-tight costume, which sported thigh-high boots, a leotard with cut-outs, a flowing cape, and a tiara--positions her as a figure capable of taking pleasure in the performance of a variety of racial and gender identities." Fawaz writes that the character is defined by her need to balance collective intimacies with personal autonomy.[144]
Accolades
- In 2011, Wizard ranked Storm 89th in their "Wizard's top 200 comic book characters" list.[145]
- In 2011, IGN ranked Storm 8th in their "The Top 25 X-Men" list[146] and 42nd in their "Top 100 Comic Books Heroes" list.[147]
- In 2011, Comics Buyer's Guide ranked Storm 30th in their "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.[148]
- In 2012, IGN ranked Storm 37th in their "The Top 50 Avengers" list.[149]
- In 2015, Entertainment Weekly ranked Storm 3rd in their "Let's rank every X-Man ever" list.[150]
- In 2017, The Daily Dot ranked Storm 3rd in their "top 33 female superheroes of all time" list.[151]
- In 2018, GameSpot ranked Storm 6th in their "50 Most Important Superheroes" list.[152]
- In 2019, ComicBook.com ranked Storm 7th in their "50 Most Important Superheroes Ever" list.[153]
- In 2019, Daily Mirror ranked Storm 4th in their "Best female superheroes of all time" list.[154]
- In 2020, Scary Mommy ranked Storm 7th in their "Looking For A Role Model? These 195+ Marvel Female Characters Are Truly Heroic" list.[155]
- In 2021, CBR.com ranked Storm 2nd in their "10 Bravest Mutants in Marvel Comics" list.[156]
- In 2022, Screen Rant included Storm in their "10 Most Powerful X-Men" list.[157]
- In 2022, Newsarama ranked Storm 2nd in their "Best X-Men members of all time" list.[158]
- In 2022, The Mary Sue ranked Storm 7th in their "10 Most Powerful X-Men of All Time" list.[159]
- In 2022, Newsarama ranked Storm 3rd in their "Best Marvel characters of all time" list.[142]
- In 2022, CBR.com ranked Storm 2nd in their "X-Men's Greatest Leaders" list,[160] 6th in their "10 Greatest X-Men, Ranked By Experience" list,[161] 6th in their "10 Most Attractive Marvel Heroes" list,[162] 7th in their "15 Strongest Omega-Level X-Men" list,[163] and 10th in their "10 Most Charismatic Marvel Superheroes" list.[164]
- In 2022, Screen Rant ranked Storm 8th in their "10 X-Men Characters, Ranked By Likability" list[165] and included her in their "10 Most Powerful X-Men" list,[166] in their "10 Best Black Panther Comics Characters Not In The MCU" list,[167] and in their "10 Marvel Comics Gods Who Should Join The MCU Next" list.[168]
- In 2023, CBR.com ranked Storm 2nd in their "10 Most Fashionable Marvel Heroes" list.[169]
Literary reception
Volumes
X-Men: Curse of the Mutants - Storm & Gambit - 2010
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, X-Men: Curse of the Mutants - Storm & Gambit #1 was the 55th best selling comic book in August 2010.[170][171][172]
James Hunt of
Storm - 2014
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Storm #1 was the 46th best selling comic book in July 2014.[174][175][176]
At the 2007 Glyph Comics Awards, the Fan Award for Best Comic was won by Storm, by Eric Jerome Dickey, David Yardin & Lan Medina, and Jay Leisten & Sean Parsons.[177][178]
Meagan Damore of
Giant-Size X-Men: Storm - 2020
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Giant-Size X-Men: Storm #1 was the 22nd best selling comic book in September 2020.[181][182][183]
Theo Dwyer of
Other versions
In addition to her
Age of Apocalypse
In the hellish reality known as the
Years after the fall of Apocalypse, Weapon X, the AoA version of Wolverine whose mind was twisted into making him the heir of Apocalypse, captured and renamed her as Orordius after using the Celestial technology on her to enslave and transform her into a blind seer made of living stone.[187]
Amalgam Comics
Days of Future Past
In the dystopian Days of Future Past storyline of Chris Claremont (1981), Storm is one of the last fighters of the mutant resistance and is killed by a horde of robotic, mutant-hunting Sentinels.[187][189]
Deadpool Corps
Professor X runs an orphanage for troubled kids where Storm is the headmistress. Kid versions of Cyclops and Deadpool are sent to her office for causing trouble.[190]
Earth X
In a contemporary alternative universe, the
Earth-6160
During the "
Exiles
Two versions of Storm have appeared in Exiles:
- A version of Storm that was similar to her mainstream counterpart was killed by the Phoenix in a world where Jean Grey manifested the Phoenix force in a manner reminiscent of The Dark Phoenix Saga.[195]
- One of the more prominent versions of Storm is a sixteen-year-old version of Ororo Munroe who is a member of the ruthless reality-hopping team Weapon X.[196]
Limbo Storm
In The Uncanny X-Men #160
Marvel Mangaverse
In Marvel Mangaverse, Storm is a witch who trained with Abigail Hefton. She is later seen as a mutant. It is implied she was killed by The Hand.[volume & issue needed]
Marvel Zombies
The basic premise of the various Marvel Zombies stories is that almost all super-powered beings on Earth have become flesh-eating zombies after being infected by an alien virus. Alongside Thor, Doctor Strange, Colossus, and Nightcrawler, Storm is one of the last super-humans on her world to become a zombie.[volume & issue needed]
Marriage to Forge
The 2004 series
Mutant X (Marvel Comics)
Bloodstorm is a fictional
Bloodstorm's history branches from her
NOW WHAT! (Marvel)
In this universe, Spider-Storm appears who is an amalgamation of Storm and Spider-Man. She is a member of the X-Vengers.[203]
Old Man Logan
In the "Old Man Logan" storyline, Storm is among the X-Men who perish at the hands of Wolverine when he is tricked by Mysterio into believing his friends are super-villains attacking the mansion.[204]
Ultimate Marvel
In the
When later writer Brian Michael Bendis seemingly killed Beast off in April 2004,[206] a grief-stricken Storm drastically alters her appearance. This change parallels the transformation her mainstream counterpart goes through under Claremont and Smith.[207]
Subsequent writer
X-Men: Forever
In this alternative reality (with a history identical to 616), Storm kills Wolverine for unknown reasons as an agent of the Consortium (as yet unrevealed) and betrays the X-Men. As the X-Men search for her in New York City, an adolescent Storm with short hair appears to Gambit, just as young as she had appeared to him before. When Beast checks bloodwork, both Storms are identical. At the series conclusion, with the adult Storm-clone, now calling herself 'Perfect Storm', having become Wakanda's Queen after killing the Black Panther, the other two Storms merge into another adult Storm, keeping Perfect Storm prisoner while taking her place as Wakanda's Queen to undo the harm she had caused.[volume & issue needed]
What If...?
Marvel's What If comic book series, which imagines alternative realities for Marvel characters, has featured Storm several times. The depicted relationship between Wolverine and Storm was also shown in the X-Men animated series episode "X-Men: The Animated Series: 'One Man's Worth'" (1995).[187][209]
In other media
Storm has made numerous appearances in other media, including the
Collected editions
Title | Material collected | Publication date | ISBN |
---|---|---|---|
X-Men - Magik: Illyana and Storm (144 pages)
|
Magik #1-4 | April | 9780785139515 |
X-Men: Storm by Warren Ellis & Terry Dodson | Storm (vol. 1) #1–4 | October 2013 | 978-0785185017 |
X-Men: Worlds Apart | X-Men: Worlds Apart #1–4, Black Panther (vol. 4) #26, and material from Marvel Team-Up #100 | December 2009 | 978-0785135333 |
Astonishing X-Men: Storm | Storm (vol. 2) #1–6 | January 2008 | 978-0785119562 |
Astonishing X-Men: Ororo – Before The Storm | Ororo – Before The Storm #1–4 | December 2005 | 978-0785118190 |
X-Men: Curse of the Mutants: Mutants vs. Vampires | X-Men: Curse Of The Mutants - Storm & Gambit and X-Men: Curse Of The Mutants - Smoke & Blood, X-Men: Curse Of The Mutants - Blade, X-Men Vs. Vampires #1-2, Uncanny X-Men #159 | March 2011 | 978-0785152941 |
Storm Vol. 1: Make it Rain | Storm (vol. 3) #1–5 | March 2015 | 978-0785191612 |
Storm Vol. 2: Bring the Thunder | Storm (vol. 3) #6–11 | July 2015 | 978-0785191629 |
Giant-Size X-Men By Jonathan Hickman | Giant-Size X-Men: Storm #1 and Giant-Size X-Men: Magneto #1, Jean Grey and Emma Frost #1, Nightcrawler #1, Fantomex #1, | January 2021 | 978-1302925833 |
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External links
- Storm at Marvel.com