Stormfront (website)
Neo-Nazi forum | |
Available in | English, with sub-forums in multiple languages |
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Owner | Don Black |
Created by | Don Black |
URL | stormfront.org |
Commercial | No |
Registration | Required to post (except in open sub-forums) |
Launched | November 1996[1] |
Current status | Online |
Part of a series on |
Neo-fascism |
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Politics portal |
Part of a series on |
Islamophobia |
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Part of a series on |
Antisemitism |
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Category |
Stormfront is a
Stormfront began as an online
In August 2017, Stormfront was taken offline for just over a month when its registrar seized its domain name due to complaints that it promoted hatred and that some of its members were linked to murder.[7][8] The Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law claimed credit for the action after advocating for Stormfront's web host, Network Solutions, to enforce its Terms of Service agreement, which prohibits users from using its services to incite violence.[9][10]
History
Early history
Stormfront began in 1990 as an online bulletin board supporting the white nationalist
Although Stormfront became the first website associated with white supremacy, its founding as a private cyberspace medium for white supremacy was based on the earlier online
Until this point, attempts at using the Internet as opposed to bulletin boards have had limited success for the white pride movement,[20] but Stormfront developed a following with the growth of the Internet during the 1990s.[11][21] By 1999, nearly 2,000 websites associated with white supremacism existed, with the recruitment power of reaching millions across the United States.[22]
National attention
The website has received considerable attention in the United States, given that, as of 2009, it had over 120,000 active members.[23]
The 2000 CBS/HBO TV documentary special Hate.com focused on the rise of hate groups online and included input from Don Black, the founder of Stormfront.[24] Narrated by Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), it featured interviews with Black and his son Derek as well as interviews with other white nationalist groups and organizations.[24] Black had participated in the hope that the broadcast would show some sympathy towards the white nationalist movement, but Hate.com focused exclusively on the group's tactics and not its grievances.[22]
Controversies
In 2002,
Stormfront returned to the news in May 2003, when
Doug Hanks, a candidate for the city council of Charlotte, North Carolina, withdrew his nomination in August 2005 after it was revealed that he had posted on Stormfront. Hanks had posted more than 4,000 comments over three years, including one in which he described black people as "rabid beasts".[27][28] Hanks said his postings were designed to gain the trust of Stormfront users to help him write a novel: "I did what I thought I needed to do to establish myself as a credible white nationalist."[27]
In 2012, Italian police blocked the website and arrested four people for inciting racial hatred.
According to a 2014 two-year study by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)'s Intelligence Report, registered Stormfront users have been disproportionately responsible for some of the most lethal hate crimes and mass killings since its founding in 1995. From 2009 to 2014, nearly 100 people were murdered by members of Stormfront.[32][33][34][35] Of these, 77 were massacred by Stormfront user Anders Behring Breivik, a Norwegian terrorist and perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks.[36]
Public profile and later history
The total of registered users is just shy of 300,000, a fairly astounding number for a site run by an ex-felon and former Alabama Klan leader. And that doesn't include thousands of visitors who never register as users. At press time, Stormfront ranked as the Internet's 13,648th most popular site, while the NAACP site, by comparison, ranked 32,640th. – The Year in Hate and Extremism, 2015[37]
In a 2001 USA Today article, journalist Tara McKelvey called Stormfront "the most visited white supremacist site on the Net."[16] The number of registered users on the site rose from 5,000 in January 2002 to 52,566 in June 2005,[38] by which year it was the 338th largest Internet forum, receiving more than 1,500 hits each weekday and ranking in the top one percent of Internet sites in terms of use.[39][40] By June 2008, the site was attracting more than 40,000 unique users each day.[41] Operating the site from its West Palm Beach, Florida headquarters is Black's full-time job, and he was assisted by his son and 40 moderators.[12][41][42] The public profile of the site attracted attention from groups such as the Simon Wiesenthal Center and the Anti-Defamation League (ADL).[43] The ADL describes Stormfront as having "served as a veritable supermarket of online hate, stocking its shelves with many forms of anti-Semitism and racism".[44]
In 2006, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) reported a discussion on Stormfront in which white nationalists were encouraged to join the United States military to learn the skills necessary for winning a
During the
During the 2016 election season, site founder Don Black said that the site was experiencing huge spikes in traffic corresponding to controversial statements by Donald Trump, who is popular among white supremacists. In response, Black upgraded the site's servers.[51]
Black's son Derek, who was a long-time participant in the site, has disavowed the beliefs held by his father and family and the Stormfront site. Through his years in college, Derek Black came to feel that white nationalism is not supportable. His story was captured in the book, "Rising Out of Hatred" by Eli Saslow.[52][53]
In August 2017, Stormfront's domain name was seized by its registrar for "displaying bigotry, discrimination or hatred."[9]
The site came back online on September 29, 2017. As of October 2017, services to keep the site online were provided by Tucows, Network Solutions, and Cloudflare.[54]
The Neo-Nazi villain Stormfront in the 2019 Amazon Prime TV series The Boys is named after the website.[55]
Content
Stormfront is a
It is a site on which
Services
The Stormfront website hosts files from and links to a number of white nationalist and white racist websites,[17] an online dating service (for "heterosexual White Gentiles only"), and electronic mailing lists that allows the white nationalist community to discuss issues of interest.[20][43][57] It features a selection of current news reports, an archive of past stories, live streaming of The Political Cesspool radio show,[58] and a merchandise store featuring literature and music.[59] Stormfront has reportedly published stories aimed at children.[56]
A 2001 study of recruitment by extremist groups on the Internet noted that Stormfront at that time came close to offering most of the standard services offered by web portals, including an internal search engine, web hosting, and categorized links, and lacking only an Internet search engine and the provision of free email for its members (though a limited email service was available at the price of $30 a month).[56]
Design
Prominently featured on the homepage is a Celtic cross surrounded by the words "white pride world wide." Stormfront states it discourages racial slurs, and prohibits violent threats and descriptions of anything illegal.[38][56] Others state that blatant hate and calls for violence are only kept off the opening page.[59][60]
The site uses the Fraktur font,[61] which was the favored font of the Nazi Party when it emerged in the early 1920s. Official Nazi documents and letterheads employed the font, and the cover of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf used a hand-drawn version of it.[62]
Purpose and appeal
Don Black has long attempted to increase the mainstream appeal of white supremacy.[38] Black established Stormfront to heighten awareness of perceived anti-white discrimination and government actions detrimental to white people,[63] and to create a virtual community of white extremists.[11][41][56][64] Black owns the site's servers, so he is not dependent upon website hosting providers.[40]
Black's organization inculcated enough white pride to make "its worldwide aspirations meaningful and socially significant".[59] Stormfront keeps the rhetoric in its forums muted, discourages racial slurs, and prohibits violent threats and descriptions of anything illegal.[38][56] Site moderator Jamie Kelso was reportedly "the motivating force behind real community-building among Stormfront members" due to his energy and enthusiasm in organizing offline events.[65] Black's positioning the site as a community with the explicit purpose of "defending the white race" helped sustain the community, as it attracts white people who define themselves in opposition to ethnic minorities, particularly Jews.[38]
Stormfront established MartinLutherKing.org to discredit Martin Luther King Jr.[66] In a 2001 study of white nationalist groups including Stormfront, academics Beverly Ray and George E. Marsh II commented: "Like the Nazis before them, they rely upon a blend of science, ignorance, and mythology to prop up their arguments".[56][67]
Ideology
Stormfront presents itself as being engaged in a struggle for unity and identifies culture, speech, and free association as its core concerns,
See also
References
- ISBN 9780742565258. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
...John Black founded stormfron in November 1996….
- ^ a b Sources which consider Stormfront a neo-Nazi website include:
- Kim, T.K. (Summer 2005). "Electronic Storm – Stormfront Grows a Thriving Neo-Nazi Community". Intelligence Report (118). Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on May 21, 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
- Zhou, Yilu; Reid, Edna; Qin, Jialun; Chen, Hsinchun; Lai, Guanpi (2008). "U.S. Domestic Extremist Groups on the Web: Link and Content Analysis" (PDF). University of Arizona. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2010. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
Stormfront.org, a neo-Nazi's Web site set up in 1995, is considered the first major domestic "hate site" on the World Wide Web because of its depth of content and its presentation style which represented a new period for online right-wing extremism
- Eshman, Rob (December 23, 2008). "Jewish Money". Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on July 12, 2017.
Earlier this week, when I entered the search terms "Madoff" and "Jewish" into Google, the top responses included JewishJournal.com and stormfront.org, a neo-Nazi Web site.
- Hildebrand, Joe (January 1, 2008). "RSL slams Australia Day hijack". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 22, 2009.
Much of the activity has been co-ordinated through the neo-Nazi website Stormfront, whose Australian arm is moderated by 18-year-old Newcastle resident Rhys McLean.
- ISBN 978-0-7710-4619-3.
A particularly rough stretch of road is a neo-Nazi website called Stormfront.org.
- Kaplan, Jeffrey; Lööw, Heléne, eds. (2002). The Cultic Milieu: Oppositional Subcultures in an Age of Globalization. Rowman Altamira. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-7591-0204-0.
Also, Web Pages such as ...'Stormfront'... in addition to racist, anti-Semitic, and neo-Nazi messages and illustrations, provide links...
- Friedman, James, ed. (2002). Reality Squared: Televisual Discourse on the Real. Rutgers University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-8135-2989-9.
Stormfront provides its viewers with... a general store stocked with Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and neo-Nazi literature and music...
- Katel, Peter (2010). "Hate Groups: Is Extremism on the Rise in the United States?". In ISBN 978-1-4129-9201-5.
...a March 13 Web post by Poplawski to the neo-Nazi Web site Stormfront.
- Jacobs, Steven Leonard (2006). "Jewish "Officialdom" and The Passion of the Christ: Who Said What and What Did They Say?". In JSTOR j.ctt6wq6d1.
...Internet websites (e.g. Angry White Female web-page, Vanguard News Network, Christian Identity website, Stormfront Neo-Nazi website, National Alliance website...)
- ISBN 978-0-465-04580-8.
...appearing on such ultra-rightist websites as Free Republic and the neo-Nazi outfit Stormfront ("WHITE PRIDE WORLD WIDE")
- ISBN 978-1-936227-02-0.
Poplawski was active on white supremacist and neo-Nazi Stormfront internet forums.
- Martin, Andrew; Petro, Patrice, eds. (2006). Rethinking Global Security: Media, Popular Culture, and the "War on terror". Rutgers University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-8135-3830-3.
...9/11 Internet chat-room discussions, including radical hate-group sites like the neo-Nazi Stormfront.org.
- Gorenfeld, John (2008). Bad Moon Rising: How Reverend Moon Created the Washington Times, Seduced the Religious Right, and Built an American Kingdom. Polipoint Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-9794822-3-6.
She has even written in to neo-Nazi Web site Stormfront, geeking out together on Peter Jackson's film adaptation;...
- ^ a b Sources which identify Stormfront as the Internet's "first hate site" include:
- Levin, Brian (2003). "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America". In Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-94408-3. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
- Ryan, Nick (2004). "Thirteen Days". Into a World of Hate: A Journey Among the Extreme Right. New York: Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-415-94922-4. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
It was Black who would launch Stormfront, the first major extremist hate site.
- Samuels, Shimon (2001). "Applying the Lessons of the Holocaust". In Rosenbaum, Alan S. (ed.). Is the Holocaust Unique?: Perspectives on Comparative Genocide (Second ed.). Westview Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-8133-3686-2. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
It was Holocaust denier and Ku Klux Klan leader, Don Black, who had founded Stormfront (the very first Internet hate site, in 1995)
- Bolaffi, Guido; Bracalenti, Raffaele; Braham, Peter H.; Gindro, Sandro, eds. (2003). Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity & Culture. Sage Publications. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-7619-6900-6. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
The first extremist hate site was Stormfront (1995)
- Levin, Brian (2003). "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America". In Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader. Routledge.
- ^ "Stormfront". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022.
- ^ a b Sources which describe Stormfront as a white nationalist website include:
- Keating, Dan (May 2, 1995). "White supremacists booted from Internet". Knight-Ridder Newspapers. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
'I wasn't surprised,' said Don Black of West Palm Beach, who runs the Stormfront World Wide Web site for white nationalists.
- Backover, Andrew (November 8, 1999). "Hate sets up shop on Internet". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2017.
Nationally, Stormfront, a white nationalist site, is considered the granddaddy of online hatred.
- Jean Winegardner (February 17, 1998). "Is Hate Young and New on the Web?". USC Annenberg's Online Journalism Review. Archived from the original on February 14, 2002.
Don Black, 44, a white nationalist since the age of 15, runs a site many would put in the hate speech category. He [is] the founder of Stormfront, a white nationalist Web site.
- Anchor: ABC News Nightline. ABC. Archived from the originalon October 4, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
[...] Storm Front, a Web site dedicated to the white nationalist movement [...] Storm Front, a white nationalist Web site [...]
- ISBN 978-0-521-80886-6.
Don Black, leader of the white nationalist organization Stormfront
- Keating, Dan (May 2, 1995). "White supremacists booted from Internet". Knight-Ridder Newspapers. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
- ^ a b Sources which describe Stormfront as a white supremacist website include:
- Abel, David Schwab (February 19, 1998). "The Racist Next Door". New Times Broward-Palm Beach. Archived from the original on June 6, 2015.
Black's swastika-strewn "Stormfront" – the only white supremacist Website on the Internet before the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City
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In 1995 Black brought up a Web site, Stormfront, which now serves as the primary site for white supremacist Internet communications.
- Mooney, Linda A.; Knox, David; Schach, Caroline (2004). "Race and Ethic Relations". Understanding Social Problems. Thomson Wadsworth. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-534-62514-6. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
White supremacist groups such as Stormfront spread their message of racial hate through their Web site.
- Wang, Wallace (2006). "Hate Groups and Terrorists on the Internet". Steal This Computer Book 4.0: What They Won't Tell You About the Internet (4th ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press Inc. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-59327-105-3. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
Don Black, an ex-Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and owner of the white supremacist homepage Stormfront (www.stormfront.org)
- Casey, Natasha (February 2006). "'The Best Kept Secret in Retail': Selling Business in Contemporary America". In Negra, Diane (ed.). The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity, and Popular Culture. Duke University Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-8223-3740-9. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
… the inclusion of the Stormfront flag specifically defines its audience as white supremacist.
- Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (June 26, 2003). Hate Crimes: Causes, Controls, and Controversies. Sage Publications. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-7619-2814-0.
A search for the term 'Stormfront' on the American version of Google results in a list of sites with the white supremacist Web site Stormfront first on the list.
- Lane, Henry W.; DiStefano, Joseph J.; Maznevski, Martha L. (2005). International Management Behavior: Text, Readings, and Cases (Fifth ed.). Blackwell Publishing. p. 539. ISBN 978-1-4051-2671-7.
After his release in 1985, Black launched the first white supremacist Web site. Black's "Stormfront" was one of the largest hate sites on the Internet
- Jepson, Peter (2003). Tackling Militant Racism. Ashgate Publishing. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-7546-2163-8.
Stormfront is a white supremacist organisation.
footnote 83.
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- ^ a b Crocker, Brittany (August 29, 2017). "White supremacist forum site Stormfront seized by domain hosts". Knoxville News Sentinel. USA Today. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ "Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law Takes Action Leading to Shut Down of Stormfront.com" (Press release). Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. August 28, 2017. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
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Stormfront has links to many dozens of other white nationalist and white racist websites, and many of these also feed into Stormfront.
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Black has long been advocate for 'mainstreaming' the white supremacist movement, and the Internet is his preferred medium for doing so. His first and primary presence is Stormfront.org
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Today, the state is home to several of the most powerful white supremicists in the country, including Stormfront, an Internet-based hate group
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Jeffrey Kaplan ... describes Black's Web site as 'the cyberspace flagship of the racist right.' Indeed, Stormfront.org is the most popular racist site on the Internet
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