Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strossburi ( Prefecture and commune | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 48°35′00″N 07°44′45″E / 48.58333°N 7.74583°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Grand Est |
Department | Bas-Rhin |
Arrondissement | Strasbourg |
Canton | 6 cantons |
Intercommunality | Eurométropole de Strasbourg |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–2026) | Jeanne Barseghian[1] (The Ecologists) |
Area 1 | 78.26 km2 (30.22 sq mi) |
• Urban (2018[note 1]) | 240.2 km2 (92.7 sq mi) |
• Metro (2019[note 1]) | 2,227.1 km2 (859.9 sq mi) |
Population (2021)[2] | 291,313 |
• Rank | 8th in France |
• Density | 3,700/km2 (9,600/sq mi) |
• Urban | 484,217 |
• Urban density | 2,000/km2 (5,200/sq mi) |
• Metro | 860,744 |
• Metro density | 390/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
Demonym(s) | Strasbourgeois (masculine) Strasbourgeoise (feminine) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/Postal code | 67482 / |
Dialling codes | 0388, 0390, 0368 |
Elevation | 132–151 m (433–495 ft) |
Website | www |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
Part of a series on |
Alsace |
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Strasbourg (UK: /ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/,[5] US: /ˈstrɑːsbʊərɡ, ˈstrɑːz-, -bɜːrɡ/,[6] French: [stʁasbuʁ] ⓘ; German: Straßburg [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊʁk] ⓘ;[7][8]) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France. Located at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace, it is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin department. It is the official seat of the European Parliament.
In 2021, the city proper had 291,313 inhabitants and both the
Together with
Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. The port of Strasbourg is the second-largest on the Rhine after Duisburg in Germany, and the second-largest river port in France after Paris.[14][15]
Etymology and names
Until the fifth century AD, the city was known as Argantorati (in the
After the fifth century the city became known by a completely different name, later
Gregory of Tours was the first to mention the name change: in the tenth book of his History of the Franks written shortly after 590 he said that Egidius, Bishop of Reims, accused of plotting against King Childebert II of Austrasia in favor of his uncle King Chilperic I of Neustria, was tried by a synod of Austrasian bishops in Metz in November 590, found guilty and removed from the priesthood, then taken "ad Argentoratensem urbem, quam nunc Strateburgum vocant" ("to the city of Argentoratum, which they now call Strateburgus"), where he was exiled.[17]
History
The Roman camp of Argentoratum was first mentioned in 12 BC; the city of Strasbourg which grew from it celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1988. The fertile area in the Upper Rhine Plain between the rivers Ill and Rhine had already been populated since the Middle Paleolithic.[18][19]
Between 362 and 1262, Strasbourg was governed by the
Strasbourg played an important part in the
Strasbourg has been the seat of European institutions since 1949: first of the International Commission on Civil Status and of the Council of Europe, later of the European Parliament, of the European Science Foundation, of Eurocorps, and others as well.
Geography
Location
Strasbourg is situated at the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the
The city lies in the
The city is some 397 kilometres (247 mi) east of Paris.[21] The mouth of the Rhine lies approximately 450 kilometres (280 mi) to the north, or 650 kilometres (400 mi) as the river flows, whilst the head of navigation in Basel is some 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the south, or 150 kilometres (93 mi) by river.
Climate
In spite of its position far inland, Strasbourg has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb),[22][23] though with less maritime influence than the milder climates of Western and Southern France.[24] The city has warm, relatively sunny summers and cool, overcast winters. Precipitation is elevated from mid-spring to the end of summer, but remains largely constant throughout the year, totaling 631.4 mm (24.9 in) annually. On average, snow falls 30 days per year.[citation needed]
The third highest temperature ever recorded was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) in August 2003, during the
Strasbourg's location in the Rhine valley, sheltered from strong winds by the Vosges and Black Forest mountains, results in poor natural ventilation, making Strasbourg one of the most atmospherically polluted cities of France.[27][28] Nonetheless, the progressive disappearance of heavy industry on both banks of the Rhine, as well as effective measures of traffic regulation in and around the city have reduced air pollution in recent years.[29]
Climate data for Strasbourg-Entzheim (SXB), elevation: 150 m (492 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1924–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
26.3 (79.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
38.8 (101.8) |
38.9 (102.0) |
38.7 (101.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
38.9 (102.0) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.4 (92.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
9.4 (48.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.3 (43.3) |
3.3 (37.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.7 (42.3) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
0.8 (33.4) |
6.9 (44.4) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
3.7 (38.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.6 (−10.5) |
−22.3 (−8.1) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.9 (40.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−23.4 (−10.1) |
−23.6 (−10.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 35.4 (1.39) |
34.1 (1.34) |
38.6 (1.52) |
41.8 (1.65) |
77.2 (3.04) |
68.5 (2.70) |
71.9 (2.83) |
61.3 (2.41) |
54.6 (2.15) |
59.5 (2.34) |
47.6 (1.87) |
45.2 (1.78) |
635.7 (25.03) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.1 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 10.8 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 10.2 | 112.3 |
Average snowy days | 7.0 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 25.9 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
86 | 82 | 76 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 79 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 55.5 | 85.8 | 146.4 | 186.9 | 209.1 | 226.4 | 239.7 | 224.2 | 173.5 | 100.4 | 55.2 | 44.2 | 1,747.3 |
Source 1: Meteo France (snow days 1981–2010)[30]
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Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 1961–1990)[31] |
Districts
Strasbourg is divided into the following districts:[32]
- Bourse, Esplanade, Krutenau
- Centre Ville (Downtown Strasbourg)
- Gare, Tribunal (Central Station, Court)
- Conseil des XV, Orangerie
- Cronenbourg
- Hautepierre, Poteries
- Koenigshoffen,
- Montagne-Verte (Green Hill)
- Elsau
- Meinau
- Neudorf-Musau
- Neuhof 1 (including Ganzau)
- Neuhof 2
- Robertsau
- Port du Rhin (Rhine's Harbor)
Main sights
Architecture
The city is chiefly known for its sandstone Gothic Cathedral with its famous astronomical clock, and for its medieval cityscape of Rhineland black and white timber-framed buildings, particularly in the Petite France district or Gerberviertel ("tanners' district") alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned Maison Kammerzell stands out.
Notable medieval streets include Rue Mercière, Rue des Dentelles, Rue du Bain aux Plantes, Rue des Juifs, Rue des Frères, Rue des Tonneliers, Rue du Maroquin, Rue des Charpentiers, Rue des Serruriers, Grand' Rue, Quai des Bateliers, Quai Saint-Nicolas and Quai Saint-Thomas. Notable medieval squares include Place de la Cathédrale, Place du Marché Gayot, Place Saint-Étienne, Place du Marché aux Cochons de Lait and Place Benjamin Zix.
In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the
The
Strasbourg also offers high-class
Notable streets of the German district include: Avenue de la Forêt Noire, Avenue des Vosges, Avenue d'Alsace, Avenue de la Marseillaise, Avenue de la Liberté, Boulevard de la Victoire, Rue Sellénick, Rue du Général de Castelnau, Rue du Maréchal Foch, and Rue du Maréchal Joffre. Notable squares of the German district include
Impressive examples of Prussian military architecture of the 1880s can be found along the newly reopened Rue du Rempart, displaying large-scale fortifications among which the aptly named Kriegstor (war gate).
As for modern and
The city has many bridges, including the medieval and four-towered
The largest square at the centre of the city of Strasbourg is the
Parks
Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by
Museums
As of 2020, the city of Strasbourg has eleven municipal museums (including Aubette 1928),[41] eleven university museums,[42] and at least two privately owned museums (Musée vodou and Musée du barreau de Strasbourg). Five communes in the metropolitan area also have museums (see below), three of them dedicated to military history.
Overview
The collections in Strasbourg are distributed over a wide range of museums, according to a system that takes into account not only the types and geographical provenances of the items, but also the epochs. This concerns in particular the following domains:
- Old Master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame (MOND); old master paintings from all the rest of Europe (including the Dutch Rhenish territories) and until 1871, as well as old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories between 1681 and 1871, are displayed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts; paintings since 1871 are displayed in the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain (MAMCS).
- Decorative arts until 1681 are on display in the MOND, decorative arts from the years 1681 until 1871 are on display in the Musée des arts décoratifs, decorative arts after 1871 are on display at the MAMCS, with items from each epoch also shown in the Musée historique.
- Prints and drawings until 1871 are displayed in the Cabinet des estampes et dessins, save for the original plans of Strasbourg Cathedral, displayed in the MOND. Prints and drawings after 1871 are displayed in the MAMCS, and in the Musée Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration (the combined number of prints and drawings amounts to well over 200,000).
- Artefacts from Ancient Egypt are on display in two entirely different collections, one in the Musée archéologique and the other belonging to the Instituts d'Égyptologie et de Papyrologie of the University of Strasbourg.
Fine art museums
- The Giotto di Bondone, Sandro Botticelli, Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, El Greco, Correggio, Cima da Conegliano and Piero di Cosimo, among others.
- The Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame (located in a part-Gothic, part-Renaissance building next to the cathedral) houses a large and renowned collection of medieval and Renaissance upper-Rhenish art, among which original sculptures, plans and stained glass from the cathedral and paintings by Hans Baldung and Sebastian Stoskopff.
- The Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain is among the largest museums of its kind in France.
- The Musée des Arts décoratifs, located in the sumptuous former residence of the cardinals of Rohan, the Palais Rohan displays a reputable collection of 18th century furniture and china.
- The Cabinet des estampes et des dessins displays five centuries of engravings and drawings, but also woodcuts and lithographies.
- The Musée Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration, located in a large former villa next to the Theatre, displays original works by Ungerer and other artists (Saul Steinberg, Ronald Searle... ) as well as Ungerer's large collection of ancient toys.
Other museums
- The Musée archéologique presents a large display of regional findings from the first ages of man to the sixth century, focusing on the Roman and Celtic period. It also includes a collection of works from Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece, assembled and bequeathed by Gustave Schlumberger.[43]
- The Musée alsacien is dedicated to traditional Alsatian daily life.
- Le Vaisseau ("The vessel") is a science and technology centre, especially designed for children.
- The Musée historique (historical museum) is dedicated to the tumultuous history of the city and displays many artifacts of the times, including the Grüselhorn, the horn that was blown at 10 every evening during medieval times to order the Jews out of the city.
- The Musée vodou (Voodoo museum) opened its doors on 28 November 2013. Displaying a private collection of artefacts from Haiti, it is located in a former water tower (château d'eau) built in 1883 and classified as a Monument historique.
- The Musée du barreau de Strasbourg (The Strasbourg bar association museum) is a museum dedicated to the work and the history of lawyers in the city.[44][45]
University museums
The Université de Strasbourg is in charge of a number of permanent public displays of its collections of scientific artefacts and products of all kinds of exploration and research.[46]
- The Musée zoologique is one of the oldest in France and is especially famous for its collection of birds. The museum is co-administered by the municipality.
- The Gypsothèque (also known as Musée des moulages or Musée Adolf Michaelis) is France's second-largest cast collection and the largest university cast collection in France.
- The Musée de Sismologie et Magnétisme terrestre displays antique instruments of measure.
- The Musée Pasteur is a collection of medical curiosities.
- The Musée de minéralogie is dedicated to minerals.
- The Musée d'Égyptologie houses a collections of archaeological findings made in and brought from Egypt and Sudan. This collection is entirely separate from the Schlumberger collection of the Musée archéologique (see above).[47]
- The Crypte aux étoiles ("star crypt") is situated in the vaulted basement below the Observatory of Strasbourg and displays old telescopes and other antique astronomical devices such as clocks and theodolites.
Museums in the suburbs
- Musée Les Secrets du Chocolat (Chocolate museum) in Geispolsheim[48]
- Fort Frère in Oberhausbergen[49]
- Fort Rapp in Reichstett
- MM Park France, a military museum, in La Wantzenau[50]
Demographics
The commune of Strasbourg proper had a population of 291,313 on 1 January 2021,[9] the result of a constant moderate annual growth which is also reflected in the constant growth of the number of students at its university (e. g. from 42,000 students in 2010 to 52,000 students in 2019).[51] The metropolitan area of Strasbourg had a population of 853,110 inhabitants in 2019 (French side of the border only),[4] while the transnational Eurodistrict had a population of 1,000,000 in 2022.
In the Middle Ages, Strasbourg (a Free imperial city since 1262), was an important town. According to a 1444 census, the population was circa 20,000; only one third less than Cologne, then a major European city.[52]
Population growth
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Source: EHESS[53] and INSEE (1968-2017)[54] |
Population composition
2012 | % | 2007 | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | 274,394 | 100 | 272,123 | 100 |
0–14 years | 47,473 | 17.3 | 46,263 | 17.0 |
15–29 years | 77,719 | 28.3 | 78,291 | 28.8 |
30–44 years | 54,514 | 19.9 | 54,850 | 20.2 |
45–59 years | 45,436 | 16.6 | 47,236 | 17.4 |
60–74 years | 30,321 | 11.1 | 27,060 | 9.9 |
75+ years | 18,931 | 6.9 | 18,424 | 6.8 |
Culture
Strasbourg is the seat of internationally renowned institutions of music and drama:
- The Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg, founded in 1855, one of the oldest symphonic orchestras in western Europe. Based since 1975 in the Palais de la musique et des congrès.
- The Opéra national du Rhin
- The Théâtre national de Strasbourg
- The Percussions de Strasbourg
- The Théâtre du Maillon
- The "Laiterie"
- Joshy's house - a venue for performance poetry and freestyle urban music.
- Au Zénith
Other theatres are the Théâtre jeune public, the TAPS Scala, the Kafteur ...
Events
- Musica, international festival of contemporary classical music (autumn)
- Festival international de Strasbourg (founded in 1932), festival of classical music and jazz (summer)
- Festival des Artefacts, festival of contemporary non-classical music
- Les Nuits électroniques de l'Ososphère
- Strasbourg European Fantastic Film Festival is an annual film festival devoted to science fiction, horror and fantasy. It was known as the Spectre Film Festival before 2008.
- Bande Dessinée
- The Strasbourg International Film Festival is an annual film festival focusing on new and emerging independent filmmakers from around the world.
- Christkindelsmärik, held from the end of November through December, is an annual Christmas market that dates back to 1570.[55]
Education
Universities and tertiary education
Strasbourg, well known as a centre of
Until 2009, there were three universities in Strasbourg, with an approximate total of 48,500 students in 2007, and another 4,500 students attended one of the diverse post-graduate schools:[56]
- Strasbourg I – Louis Pasteur University
- Strasbourg II – Marc Bloch University
- Strasbourg III – Robert Schuman University
The three institutions merged in 2009, forming the
- Sciences Po Strasbourg (Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg), the University of Strasbourg's political science and international studies centre
- The EMS (EM Strasbourg Business School), the University of Strasbourg's business school
- The INSA (Institut national des sciences appliquées), the University of Strasbourg's engineering school
- The ENA (École nationale d'administration). ENA trains most of the nation's high-ranking civil servants. The relocation to Strasbourg was meant to give a European vocation to the school and to implement the French government's "décentralisation" plan.
- The ISEG Group (Institut supérieur européen de gestion group)
- The ECPM (École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux)
- The EPITA (École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées)
- The EPITECH (École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies)
- The ITIRI (Institute de traducteurs, d'interpretes, et de relations Internationales)
- The INET (Institut national des études territoriales)
- The IIEF (Institut international d'études françaises)
- Three IUTs (Instituts universitaires de technologie located in Schiltigheim, Illkirch, and Haguenau)
- The ENGEES (École nationale du génie de l'eau et de l'environnement de Strasbourg)
- The CUEJ (Centre universitaire d'enseignement du journalisme)
- TÉLÉCOM Physique Strasbourg (École nationale supérieure de physique de Strasbourg), Institute of Technology, located in the South of Strasbourg (Illkirch-Graffenstaden)
Other tertiary institutions
Two American colleges have a base in Strasbourg:
Primary and secondary education
International schools include:
Multiple levels:
- European institutions)
For elementary education:[57]
- École Internationale Robert Schuman
- International School at Lucie Berger
- Russian Mission School in Strasbourg[58]
For middle school/junior high school education:[57]
- Collège International de l'Esplanade
For senior high school/sixth form college:[57]
- Lycée International des Pontonniers (FR)
- Lycée International Jean Sturm
Libraries
The
The municipal library Bibliothèque municipale de Strasbourg (BMS) administers a network of ten medium-sized libraries in different areas of the town. A six stories high "Grande bibliothèque", the Médiathèque André Malraux, was inaugurated on 19 September 2008 and is considered the largest in Eastern France.[61]
Incunabula
As one of the earliest centres of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula — books printed before 1500 — in its library as one of its most precious heritages: no less than 7,000.[62] After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch. Today, Strasbourg's different public and institutional libraries again display a sizable total number of incunabula, distributed as follows: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, ca. 2,120,[62] Médiathèque de la ville et de la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg, 349,[63] Bibliothèque du Grand Séminaire, 238,[64] Médiathèque protestante, 66,[65] and Bibliothèque alsatique du Crédit Mutuel, 5.[66]
Transport
Train services operate from the
Strasbourg also has its own airport, serving major domestic destinations as well as international destinations in Europe and northern Africa. The airport is linked to the Gare de Strasbourg by a frequent train service.[67][68]
City transport in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking
Being on the
The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of "filtered permeability" to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour active transport and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the fused grid.
At present the
Strasbourg public transport statistics
The average amount of time people spend commuting on public transport in Strasbourg on weekdays is 52 min. 7% of travellers on public transport travel for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transport is 9 min and 11% of passengers wait for more than 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually travel in a single trip on public transport is 3.9 km (2.4 mi), whilst none travels for more than 12 km (7.5 mi) in a single direction.[73]
European role
Institutions
Strasbourg is the seat of over twenty international institutions,
Strasbourg is the seat of the following organisations, among others:
- Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine (since 1920)
- Council of Europe with all the bodies and organisations affiliated to this institution (since 1949)
- European Parliament (since 1952)
- European Ombudsman
- Eurocorps headquarters,
- Franco-German television channel Arte
- European Science Foundation
- International Institute of Human Rights
- Human Frontier Science Program
- International Commission on Civil Status
- Assembly of European Regions
- Centre for European Studies (French: Centre d'études européennes de Strasbourg)
- Sakharov Prize
Eurodistrict
France and Germany have created a Eurodistrict straddling the Rhine, combining the Greater Strasbourg and the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg, with some common administration. It was established in 2005 and has been fully functional since 2010.
Sports
Sporting teams from Strasbourg are the Racing Club de Strasbourg Alsace (football), SIG Strasbourg (basketball) and the Étoile Noire (ice hockey).[76] The women's tennis Internationaux de Strasbourg is one of the most important French tournaments of its kind outside Roland-Garros. In 1922, Strasbourg was the venue for the XVI Grand Prix de l'A.C.F. which saw Fiat battle Bugatti, Ballot, Rolland Pilain, and Britain's Aston Martin and Sunbeam.
In 2006 Strasbourg hosted the Grand Depart of the Tour de France.
The city is home to SN Strasbourg, a First division water polo team that plays its home games at the Piscine de la Kibitzenau.
Honours
Honours associated with the city of Strasbourg:
- The Medal of Honor Strasbourg
- Sakharov Prize seated in Strasbourg
- City of Strasbourg Silver (gilt) Medal, a former medal with City Coat of Arms and Ten Arms of the Cities of the Dekapolis[77]
Notable people
In chronological order, notable people born in Strasbourg include:
In chronological order, notable residents of Strasbourg include:
Twin towns and sister cities
Strasbourg is
- Boston, United States, since 1960[78][79]
- Leicester, United Kingdom, since 1960[78][80][81]
- Stuttgart, Germany, since 1962[78][82]
- Dresden, Germany, since 1990[78][83]
- Ramat Gan, Israel, since 1991[78][84]
Strasbourg has cooperative agreements with:[85]
- Jacmel, Haiti, since 1991 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Fez, Morocco, since 1999 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Douala, Cameroon, since 2005 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Vologda, Russia, since 2009 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Oran, Algeria, since 2015 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Kairouan, Tunisia, since 2015 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Moscow, Russia, since 2016 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Kampala, Uganda, since 2018 (Coopération décentralisée)
- Kagoshima, Japan, since 2019 (Coopération décentralisée)
In popular culture
In film
- The opening scenes of the 1977 Ridley Scott film The Duellists take place in Strasbourg in 1800.
- The 2007 film In the City of Sylvia is set in Strasbourg.
- Early February 2011, principal photography for Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011) moved for two days to Strasbourg. Shooting took place on, around, and inside the Strasbourg Cathedral. The opening scene of the movie covers an assassination-bombing in the city.
In literature
- One of the longest chapters of Laurence Sterne's novel Tristram Shandy (1759–1767), "Slawkenbergius' tale", takes place in Strasbourg.[86]
- An episode of Matthew Gregory Lewis' novel The Monk(1796) takes place in the forests then surrounding Strasbourg.
- A part of the story in White Album 2 takes place in Strasbourg.
In music
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart called his Third violin concerto (1775) Straßburger Konzert because of one of its most prominent motives, based on a local, minuet-like dance that had already appeared as a tune in a symphony by Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf.[87] It is not related to Mozart's ulterior stay in Strasbourg (1778), where he gave three concert performances on the piano.
- Havergal Brian's Symphony No. 7 was inspired by passages in Goethe's memoirs recalling his time spent at Strasbourg University. The work ends with an orchestral bell sounding the note E, the strike-note of the bell of Strasbourg Cathedral.
- British art-punk band The Rakes had a minor hit in 2005 with their song "Strasbourg". This song features witty lyrics with themes of espionage and vodka and includes a count of 'eins, zwei, drei, vier!!', even though Strasbourg's spoken language is French.
- On their 1974 album Hamburger Concerto, Dutch progressive band Focus included a track called "La Cathédrale de Strasbourg", which included chimes from a cathedral-like bell.
- Strasbourg pie, a dish containing foie gras, is mentioned in the finale of the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Cats.
- Several works have specifically been dedicated to Strasbourg Cathedral, notably ad hoc compositions (masses, motets etc.) by Kapellmeisters Franz Xaver Richter and Ignaz Pleyel and, more recently, It is Finished by John Tavener.
Notes
References
Citations
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Sources
- Connaître Strasbourg by Roland Recht, Georges Foessel and Jean-Pierre Klein, 1988, ISBN 2-7032-0185-0.
- Histoire de Strasbourg des origines à nos jours, four volumes (ca. 2000 pages) by a collective of historians under the guidance of Georges Livet and ISBN 2-7165-0041-X.