Stridulation

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Grasshopper stridulation
Several unidentified grasshoppers stridulating.
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Ant stridulations
Pachycondyla apicalis
Stridulations from a Pachycondyla apicalis worker.
Pachycondyla verenae
Stridulations from a Pachycondyla verenae worker.
Pheidole pallidula
Stridulations from a Pheidole pallidula worker.
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Stridulation is the act of producing

vinyl record. Sometimes it is the structure bearing the file which resonates to produce the sound, but in other cases it is the structure bearing the scraper, with both variants possible in related groups.[1] Common onomatopoeic
words for the sounds produced by stridulation include chirp and chirrup.

Arthropod stridulation

Stridulation in Subpsaltria yangi

Insects and other arthropods stridulate by rubbing together two parts of the body. These are referred to generically as the stridulatory organs.

Detail of anterior dorsal aspect of a male katydid of the genus Panoploscelis. The tegmina constitute the sound generator for these insects.
Detail of anterior dorsal aspect of a female Panoploscelis specularis katydid. The scraper lobe can be seen on the right side of the left tegmen. The crossveins of the right tegmen are not visible, as the left tegmen overlies the right.

The mechanism is best known in

Solenopsis richteri),[7] some stick insects such as Pterinoxylus spinulosus,[8] and some species of Agromyzidae (leaf-mining flies). While cicadas are well-known for sound production via abdominal tymbal organs, it has been demonstrated that some species can produce sounds via stridulation, as well.[9]

Stridulation is also known in a few tarantulas (Arachnida), certain centipedes, such as Scutigera coleoptrata, and some pill millipedes (Diplopoda, Oniscomorpha).[10] It is also widespread among decapod crustaceans, e.g., rock lobsters.

pedipalps.[13] In most species of spiders, stridulation commonly occurs by males during sexual encounters. In the species Holocnemus pluchei, females also possess stridulatory organs, and both sexes engage in stridulation.[14] In the species Steatoda nobilis, the males produce stridulation sounds during mating.[15]

The anatomical parts used to produce sound are quite varied: the most common system is that seen in grasshoppers and many other insects, where a hind leg scraper is rubbed against the adjacent forewing (in

prosternum
; in velvet ants the back edge of one abdominal tergite scrapes a file on the dorsal surface of the following tergite.

Stridulation in several of these examples is for attracting a mate, or as a form of

territorial behaviour, but can also be a warning signal (acoustic aposematism, as in velvet ants and tarantulas). This kind of communication was first described by Slovenian biologist Ivan Regen
(1868–1947).

Green Katydid Grasshopper call.

Vertebrate stridulation

Some species of venomous snakes stridulate as part of a threat display. They arrange their body into a series of parallel C-shaped (counterlooped) coils that they rub together to produce a sizzling sound, rather like water on a hot plate. The best-known examples are members of the genus Echis (saw-scaled vipers), although those of the genus Cerastes (North African desert vipers) and at least one bush viper species, Atheris desaixi, do this as well.[16][17] A bird species, the club-winged manakin, has a dedicated stridulation apparatus, while a species of mammal, the lowland streaked tenrec, (Hemicentetes semispinosus) produces a high-pitched noise by rubbing together specialised quills on its back.[18]

References

  1. doi:10.1080/00222939600770391
    .
  2. ^ a b c Meyer-Rochow, V.B. (1971). "Observations on stridulating Australian beetles (Hydrophilidae, Cerambycidae, Passalidae, Dynastinae) using scanning electron microscopical and electrophysiological techniques". Forma et Functio. 4: 326–339.
  3. doi:10.1016/0020-7322(88)90003-7
    .
  4. ^ Stridulation in stag beetle larvae (Lucanus cervus L.) by Dr. Eva Sprecher-Uebersax, January 2002
  5. ^ Schaefer, C. W.; Pupedis, R. J. (1981). "A Stridulatory Device in Certain Alydinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Alydidae". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 54: 143–152.
  6. ^ Lattin, JD (1958) A stridulatory mechanism in Arhaphe cicindeloides Walker (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 34: 217-219.
  7. ^ Stridulation Sounds of Black Fire Ants (Solenopsis richteri) in Different Situations Archived 2005-04-03 at the Wayback Machine
  8. doi:10.1155/1968/19150
    .
  9. ^ Luo C, Wei C (2015) Stridulatory sound-production and its function in females of the cicada Subpsaltria yangi. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0118667. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118667
  10. S2CID 12005617
    .
  11. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(76)90141-6
    .
  12. ^ Goliath Tarantula, Theraphosa blondi Archived 2009-08-03 at the Wayback Machine at Extreme Science Archived 2009-07-28 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 13 March 2007.
  13. PMID 16513934
    .
  14. doi
    :10.1111/j.1463-6395.1995.tb01001.x.
  15. ^ "NaturePlus: Identification: Fact sheet: False widow spiders - Steatoda spp". www.nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  16. ISBN 0-88359-029-8
    .
  17. ISBN 0-89464-877-2
    .
  18. ^ Davies, Ella (11 February 2011). "Bizarre mammals filmed calling using their quills". BBC News. Retrieved 3 June 2011.

External links

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