String Quartet No. 13 (Schubert)
The String Quartet No. 13 in Death and the Maiden Quartet, emerging around three years after his previous attempt to write for the string quartet genre, the Quartettsatz, D 703, that he never finished.
History
Starting in 1824, Schubert largely turned away from the composition of songs to concentrate on instrumental chamber music. In addition to the A-minor String Quartet, the Quartet in D minor, the Octet, the Grand Duo and Divertissement a la Hongroise (both for piano duet), and the Sonata for Arpeggione and Piano all date from that year. With the exception of the Grand Duo, all of these works display cyclic elements—that is, two or more movements in each work are deliberately related in some way to enhance the sense of unity. In the case of the A-minor Quartet, a motive from the third-movement Minuet becomes the most important melodic figure for the following finale.[1]
Schubert dedicated the work to Schuppanzigh, who served as the first violinist of the string quartet appointed by Beethoven. Schuppanzigh himself played in the premiere performance which took place on 14 March 1824.
Structure
The quartet consists of four movements which last around 30 minutes in total.
- Allegro ma non troppo
- The first movement opens with a texture reminiscent of the melancholic theme from one of Schubert's earliest songs, Gretchen am Spinnrade and also quotes "Schöne Welt, wo bist du?" The reference to Gretchen am Spinnrade is not a direct quotation, but rather is a similarity in the second violin's restless accompanimental figuration, hovering around the mediant and underpinned by a repeated figure in cello and viola, which precedes the first thematic entrance. This also recalls the accompaniment to the first subject of the "Unfinished" Symphony.[2][3]
- Andante
- It is the second movement, however, which has lent the Quartet its nickname, being based on a theme from the incidental music for Rosamunde (a similar theme appears in the Impromptu in B-flat written three years later). The dactyl-spondee rhythm pervading this movement unmistakably shows the influence of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony.[4] The form of this slow movement uses the same modified exposition-recapitulation form found in the slow movement of Schubert's "Great" C-major Symphony, where an ambiguity of formal definition is created by the introduction of a developmental passage shortly after the return of the primary theme in the recapitulation.[5]
- Menuetto: Allegretto – Trio
- The minuet quotes the melody of another song by Schubert, Die Götter Griechenlandes, D. 677, from November 1819, a connection only first noticed by Willi Kahl, more than a century after the work's composition.[6] The opening of this melody recurs in inversion at the beginning of the trio, and is later echoed in the opening of the finale.[7]
- Allegro moderato
References
- ^ Chusid 1964, 37.
- ^ Westrup 1969, 31.
- ^ Taylor 2014, 49.
- ^ Temperley 1981, 149.
- ^ Shamgar 2001, 154.
- ^ Kahl 1930, 2:358.
- ^ Wollenberg 2011, 201–202, n11.
Sources
- Chusid, Martin. 1964. "Schubert's Cyclic Compositions of 1824". Acta Musicologica 36, no. 1 (January–March): 37–45.
- Kahl, Willi. 1930. "Schubert". In Cobbett's Cyclopaedic Survey of Chamber Music, vol. 2, edited by Walter W. Cobbett, 352–366. London: Oxford University Press.
- Shamgar, Beth [Friedman]. 2001. "Schubert's Classic Legacy: Some Thoughts on Exposition-Recap. Form". The Journal of Musicology 18, no. 1 (Winter): 150–169.
- Taylor, Benedict. 2014. "Schubert and the Construction of Memory: The String Quartet in A minor, D. 804 (Rosamunde)".
- Temperley, Nicholas. 1981. "Schubert and Beethoven's Eight-Six Chord". 19th-Century Music 5, no. 2 (Fall): 142–154.
- Westrup, Jack A., 1969. Schubert Chamber Music. BBC Music Guides 5. London: British Broadcasting Corporation; Seattle: University of Washington Press. Reprinted, [London]: Ariel Music, 1986. ISBN 9780563205166(pbk).
- Wollenberg, Susan. 2011. Schubert's Fingerprints: Studies in the Instrumental Works. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate. ISBN 9781409434016(ebook).
Further reading
- Atanasovski, Srđan. 2011. "Schubert's 'Original Voice' in Quartets for Schuppanzigh: On Learned Style and New Sonic Qualities". Musicologica Austriaca: Jahresschrift der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft 30:43–56.
- Bockholdt, Rudolf. 1998. "Die Kunst, heim zu finden: Über Schlüsse und Anschlüsse in Schuberts Instrumentalmusik". Musiktheorie 13, no. 2 (Franz Schubert: Jenseits des Jubiläums): 145–156.
- Brown, Maurice J. E. 1958. Schubert: A Critical Biography. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd.; New York: St. Martin's Press.
- Cullen, Adam. 2008. "Schubert's Chamber Music as a Road Towards the Symphony". Maynooth Musicology 1:99–120.
- Cullen, Adam. 2009. "Dialectic Process and Sonata Form in Schubert's A Minor String Quartet, D 804". Maynooth Musicology 2:40–70.
- Gingerich, John Michael. 1996. "Schubert's Beethoven Project: The Chamber Music, 1824–1828". PhD diss. New Haven: Yale University.
- Hopkins, Robert G. 2013. "Multifunctional Codas in Sonata-Form Movements by Schubert". In Musical Implications: Essays in Honor of Eugene Narmour, edited and with an introduction by Lawrence F. Bernstein and Alexander Rozin, 191–223. Festschrift Series 25. Hillsdale, New York: Pendragon Press. ISBN 978-1-57647-159-3.
- Rast, Nicholas. 2003. " 'Schöne Welt, wo bist du?' Motive and Form in Schubert's A-minor String Quartet". In Schubert the Progressive: History, Performance Practice, Analysis, edited and preface by ISBN 0-7546-0368-7.
- Sobaskie, James William. 2003. "Tonal Implication and the Gestural Dialectic in Schubert's A-minor Quartet". In Schubert the Progressive: History, Performance Practice, Analysis, edited and preface by Brian Newbould, 53–79. Aldershot, Hants; Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-0368-7.
- Waidelich, Till Gerrit. 1997. "Weitere Dokumente aus 1828 und 1833: Ein unkorrigierter früher Abzug der 'Einladung' zu Schuberts Privatkonzert und Berichte über die Berliner Ur- und Erstaufführungen der Streichquartette in a-Moll D 804 und d-Moll D 810". Schubert durch die Brille: Internationales Franz Schubert Institut—Mitteilungen, no. 19:57–64.
External links
- String Quartet No. 13, D 804: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Christiansen, Kai (April 14, 2012). "Program Notes:Schubert, String Quartet No. 13 in A minor, Rosamunde". Earsense Chamberbase. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
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