Stripper

Page protected with pending changes
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Stripper
Adult entertainment
Related jobs
Nude modeling, pornography

A stripper or exotic dancer is a person whose occupation involves performing striptease in a public adult entertainment venue such as a strip club. At times, a stripper may be hired to perform at private events.

Modern forms of stripping minimize the interaction of strippers with customers, reducing the importance of the tease in the performance in favor of speed of undress (the strip).

independent contractors
.

Before the 1970s, strippers in Western cultures were almost invariably female, performing to male audiences, usually in strip clubs. At the same time, strippers of all genders were dancing in underground clubs or as part of a theatre experience. Since the 1970s, mainstream stripping has adopted a greater gender diversity and male strippers have become an established form of entertainment for female audiences. Their performances are usually fully choreographed, involving dance routines and costumes. Certain male and female strippers also perform for LGBT audiences as well as for all genders in bisexual contexts.[3][4] The term "male stripper" has decreased in use in books published in the 21st century.[5]

Work environment

Strippers perform striptease for a number of reasons, predominantly to make money. The

sex appeal of the dancer determines the business the stripper tends to generate. There are no job prerequisites; formal training is minimal, primarily on the job and provided by more senior dancers. Dancers learn a set of rules, such as never leave money unattended; never leave the club with a customer; and never refuse a table dance. As long as she can "sell" herself, she is capable of becoming an exotic dancer.[6]

Touching strippers is not permitted in many localities. However, some dancers and clubs allow touching of dancers during private dances. If permitted, during a lap dance the dancer may dance sitting in the customer's lap, clothed or topless.[7] In parts of the US, there are laws forbidding the exposure of female nipples, which the dancers must cover with pasties.[8] The common practice of hiring strippers as contractors rather than full-time employees often leads to job insecurity, unstable pay and a lack of health benefits. Strippers are also sometimes required to pay fees to the club for renting their stage. This precarious employment is accepted because of the stigma associated with exotic dancing.[citation needed] Strippers typically use make-up, costume, and perfume to enhance their performance.[citation needed]

In strip clubs

Strippers most commonly work as providers of live entertainment in strip clubs. House dancers work for a particular club or franchise, while feature dancers usually have celebrity status, touring a club circuit and making live appearances. Porn stars often become feature dancers to earn extra income and build their fan base. High-profile adult film performers such as Jenna Haze and Teagan Presley have participated in feature shows throughout the US, as did now-retired stars such as Jenna Jameson. These dancers are not usually direct employees of the club but instead perform as independent contractors for a predetermined house fee.[citation needed]

The use of strip clubs to facilitate sex for hire is much more common outside the US, and stripping is viewed in those settings as advertising for sexually oriented services performed in private areas of the club or off premises.[citation needed]

Stage performance

Most clubs have a dancer rotation where each dancer in turn will perform for one or more songs in a fixed sequence which repeats during a shift. More informal clubs will have dancers take turns when a stage becomes empty or have a free flow of entertainers where the stage has any number of entertainers who wander off and on at will. Feature entertainers are not usually part of the rotation, and have set times where they will perform that are advertised throughout the shift. If a

DJ is present, they will emcee the rotation and typically announce the current dancer(s) on stage and possibly whom to expect in future sets.[citation needed
]

Tip collection

During each set of one or more songs, the current performer will dance on stage in exchange for tips. Dancers collect

garter from the tip rail. Other common tip methods are to insert the dollar into the stripper's cleavage from the hand or mouth, or to simply place it or toss it onto the stage. Tipping during a stage performance is prohibited by some clubs due to restrictions in local ordinance or past incidents on the premises. Each club and dancer will have individual tolerance levels for customer interaction including tipping. Some clubs will have multiple stages on the premises that dancers will move between, but typically the dancer would collect for her time on the main stage during a rotation. Tips can also be collected during private dances.[9]

Private dance

Where legal (or legal restrictions are ignored), dancers may offer additional services such as lap dances or a trip to the champagne room for a set fee rather than a tip. This fee will typically include a set fee for the room, for a set amount of time. Private dances in the main club areas most often take the form of table dances, lap and couch dances, and bed dances among others. An air dance is a particular form of private dance where little to no contact between the dancer and customer occurs. This class of dance spans the different categories above, and some dancers can perform air dances when more contact-heavy forms of dance were expected and paid for.[citation needed]

Table dances are distinguished from other forms of dances in that they can be performed where the customer is seated on the main floor. Table dances also refer to a form of minimal touch private dance where the performer is physically located on a small table in front of the customer(s). Table dances should not be confused with table stages, where the stripper is at or above eye level on a platform surrounded by chairs and usually enough table surface for customers to place drinks and tip money. These stages are configured for close viewing of the striptease and are known for dancers lowering themselves from the stage onto customers during their set.[citation needed]

Lap dances can be (and are) performed in all manner of seating, ranging from plain stools and kitchen-grade chairs to plush leather armchairs. They can also be performed with the customer standing in these designated areas. A service provided by many clubs is for a customer to be placed on stage with one or more dancers for a public lap dance. Occasions for this type of performance are

bachelor parties and birthdays in the club among others. Bed dances are designed for the customer to be lying down with the entertainer(s) positioned on top of them. Bed dances are the least common of the three, and in many clubs, these are a more expensive option than a lap dance because of the novelty and increased level of contact between customer and service provider.[citation needed
]

A champagne room (also called a champagne lounge or champagne court) is a specialized VIP Room service offered by gentleman's clubs where a customer can purchase time (usually in half-hour increments) with an exotic dancer in a private room on the premises. Depending on the quality of the club, the room, which is away from the hustle and bustle of the main club, is well decorated and usually has its own bar. Clubs sell

champagne by the glass or by the bottle for both the dancer and the customer.[citation needed
]

Other locations

Strippers can be contracted for performances outside the strip club environment. Some strippers will only strip for private engagements and do not have a regular affiliation with a strip club.[citation needed]

Adult industry trade shows often have strippers working, though many of them are affiliated with individual companies and not necessarily

freelancers. There are also exhibitions, festivals, and competitions where independent strippers perform. Nudes-A-Poppin' is a popular festival scheduled annually which features both female and male dancers competing in erotic dance.[citation needed
]

Bachelor and bachelorette parties

A bachelor party may involve activities beyond the usual party and social-gathering ingredients, such as going to a strip club or hiring a stripper to perform in a private setting like a home or hotel. In some traditions, there are hazing-like tests and pranks at the future groom's expense. These pranks can involve a stripper if the entertainer is willing. Some women also participate in a similar party to be held for the bride-to-be. This is known as a bachelorette party or Hen party.[citation needed]

Private parties

Private parties are popular events for which to hire strippers. There are many entertainment businesses that have strippers contracted for private performances. Some of these companies have a national presence, with strippers contracted in multiple states and some who work regionally over a multi-state area. Strippers will also do side work and handle their own agreements and payment arrangements. Written agreements are atypical in this type of transaction unless a formal, registered business is involved. They could also travel over significant (i.e. flight required) distances for private events and appointments, most of the time passing the cost of travel and accommodations onto the customer. Patrons at the clubs in which the strippers work are a primary source of customers for their work outside the club. Much like activities inside the club, different dancers have different comfort levels for services they will provide during a private party.[citation needed]

Other activities

Aside from advertising for striptease services outside the club, an unknown percentage of strippers also work in other aspects of the sex industry. This can include erotic and nude modeling, pornography, escorting, and in some cases prostitution (which is now illegal in all states other than Nevada within the U.S.).[citation needed]

Performance

While working, a stripper is not necessarily required to remove all of their clothing. Regardless of size, name, or location in the world, strip clubs can be full nude, topless or bikini.[10][11] For any type of strip club there are exceptions based on the individual dancer and management, and clubs are classified based on typical performances, zoning, and advertised services.[citation needed]

Style of dress

In some localities, strippers are required to obtain permits to work in adult entertainment.

topless. Strippers who uncover the genital areas while removing the rest of their clothing during a performance are said to be dancing fully nude. The fully nude practice is banned in many jurisdictions,[11] but many dancers work around these constraints by selective uncovering of the vulva, anus, or both, for short periods of time, followed by immediate replacement of the clothing.[13][14]

Bikini (Go-go)

Go-go dancers retain their tops and bottoms for the duration of their performance. What differentiates a bikini dancer from other types of performers is the degree to which her body is exposed.[citation needed]

The stripper, in the case of a bikini performance, may begin with layers of clothing worn over the bikini which then would be removed during the course of the dance set. When a bikini performance is being performed, many dancers will forgo a

go-go bars and the women working there known as Go-Go dancers.[citation needed
]

In many clubs, while a stripper is walking the floor she will be required to wear her full

topless at the Condor Club on Broadway and Columbus in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco.[15] She became the world's most famous go-go dancer, and a prototype for the modern stripper, while dancing at the Condor for 22 years.[16]

Topless

Strippers at a strip club in Zona Rosa, Mexico City

Women are at times employed in adult-only venues to perform or pose topless in forms of commercial erotic entertainment. Such venues can range from downmarket strip clubs to upmarket

cabarets, such as the Moulin Rouge. Topless entertainment may also include competitions such as wet T-shirt contests in which women display their breasts through translucent wet fabric—and may end up removing their T-shirts before the audience. Strippers can engage in these alternate topless activities at sanctioned times inside the club or as independent contractors at outside venues. Not all strippers are comfortable dancing topless. In areas where choice in formats exist, exotic dancers express concern that the more they offer in their performance (nudity included) the more they stand to profit.[citation needed
]

Even the dancers that will go topless have been known to stay covered during a dance during slow periods in the club with few customers. This is particularly true if the customers do not appear to be engaged or actively tipping because they are not being

legal restrictions. During a show where customer tipping is permitted, most strip clubs limit contact with a dancer's breasts to one way—from dancer to customer. Many clubs do not allow any breast contact, and some go so far as to place markers on stage that a dancer is not permitted to cross while nude. This physical separation enforces compliance with the no-touch policy.[citation needed
]

Full nudity

Historical marker at the original Condor Club site. Full text: "The Condor; Where it all began; The birthplace of the world's first topless & bottomless entertainment; Topless – June 19, 1964 Bottomless – September 3, 1969 Starring Ms. Carol Doda; San Francisco, California"

Strippers are banned from dancing

fully nude in many jurisdictions, but many dancers will work around the regulations by selectively uncovering their vulva, anus, or both for short periods of time then replacing the clothing. For a male dancer, exposing the penis
or anus is equivalent.

Not all strippers are comfortable dancing fully nude. If viewed as a continuum, fewer dancers will dance topless than go-go and fewer still would dance fully nude. It has been reported when in direct competition with more conservative offerings, fully nude formats are seen by customers as a superior enough substitute for them to switch clubs.[17] In areas where choice in formats exist, exotic dancers express concern that the more they offer in their performance (nudity included) the more they stand to profit. Still, strippers have been known to dance only at topless clubs because of their desire not to strip completely nude.[18] Some clubs permit both nude stage dancing and fully nude lap dances. Where nude private dances are allowed with contact, some dancers choose to place some type of barrier (cloth or occasionally plastic) over the customer's lap as a precautionary measure.[citation needed]

Customer interaction

Strippers are focused on making money from customers. Strippers are employed as independent contractors and expected to generate income themselves making the profession similar to a sales job. How dancers go about maximizing revenue varies. For customers they do not already know, dancers use factors such as clothing, shoes, age, and race to determine whom they wish to interact with. Dancers are the primary enablers to encourage potential patrons to spend time in strip clubs. The dancers continually interact with the customers in the club by walking around and attempting to solicit drinks and lap dances, usually scanning the floor of a club to find the most lucrative customer to target.[19]

While clubs can generate revenue through means such as cover charges and drink fees, dancers make most of their profit from giving lap dances or VIP dances where regulations allow. Otherwise, customer tips to dancers from a stage set are their primary form of payment per shift. The dancer qualifies a customer by sizing up their appearance and personal characteristics. Once the dancer identifies her mark, she approaches and attempts to create social relationship with her customer using tactical interactions and manipulations. Alternatively, customers can make the first move and engage the dancer directly. Strippers appeal to

masculine desires, but they can adapt to fit the needs of female patrons to view them as customers. Adapting the experience to the customer is an integral part of exotic dancing.[19]

Mainstreaming

In the 21st century, as adult themes and work are becoming more commonplace, more of the population is attracted to this type of work.

Gender roles

Male stripper performing in San Francisco in 2009

Male strippers

Until the 1970s, strippers in Western cultures were almost invariably female, performing to male audiences. Male and female strippers also perform for

pansexual contexts.[citation needed
]

The modern male stripper show usually involves

full nudity, although sometimes they may retain underwear, especially g-strings, bikini briefs or thongs throughout the show, or only remove all clothing for a brief time. Performances are usually fully choreographed, involve dance routines and a costume of some sort.[3][4] Prominent male strip groups include the Dreamboys in the UK & Chippendales in the US.[citation needed
]

A male stripper will likely perform at club, bar, workplace or private home with private advanced bookings or ladies nights being prevalent over strip clubs which is the norm for female strippers.[23] This is different from the Chippendales scene that emerged to prominence in the 1980s with today's norm being one sole performer, or a series of individual performers rather than a group of strippers.[24]

The social psychologist Richard Tewksbury argues that male strippers 'masculinise' the role; thus are not disempowered in the way that, he asserts, female strippers are.[25]

Sexuality and gender bias

Ethnographic research has observed that strippers, regardless of sexual orientation, have a tendency to treat female customers differently than males. Because of the non-physical motivations ascribed to female intimacy, dancers select women to approach who are smiling and sitting comfortably with open body language such as uncrossed arms, actively participating with the crowd, laughing and engaging with fellow customers, and applauding for dancers at the main stage also increase the likelihood they will be approached. Dancers tend to avoid women with unfriendly facial expressions or visibly hostile body language, again regardless of sexual orientation. In order to become approached, men must indicate financial potential through their appearance. Women must demonstrate their good attitude and willingness to participate in club activities. At that point, a woman's perceived profitability is also a factor in a dancer's decision to approach a female patron. The presence of male companionship has been cited in research as an indicator used by dancers to gauge the profitability of a female once she is perceived to be a customer.[19]

In popular culture

The image of strippers as known today evolved through the late 1960s and 1970s in the U.S. and international cultures which embraced Americanized striptease. By the 1980s pole dancing had become popular in America, and the highly sexual imagery associated with the period's performers was widely accepted and frequently portrayed in film, television, and theater.[citation needed]

1980s–1990s

In addition to lesser-known videos, the 1980s also featured mainstream films involving strippers and their work as part of the central narrative. These included

Lolita Davidovitch as notorious stripper Blaze Starr. Starr herself appears in the film in a cameo role. Exotica (1994), directed by Atom Egoyan, is set in a Canadian lap-dance club, and portrays a man's (Bruce Greenwood) obsession with a schoolgirl stripper named Christina (Mia Kirshner). Showgirls (1995) was directed by Paul Verhoeven and starred Elizabeth Berkley and Gina Gershon. Striptease (1996), was an adaptation of the novel starring Demi Moore. The Players Club (1998) starred LisaRaye McCoy as a girl who becomes a stripper to earn enough money to enter college and study journalism.[citation needed
]

In

]

2000s–present

Closer (2004), Natalie Portman plays Alice Ayres aka Jane Jones, a young American stripper who arrives in London, England. Portman won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for her performance. Rob Zombie's 2007 Halloween remake features Michael Myers' mother Deborah (played by Zombie's wife Sheri Moon Zombie), dancing to "Love Hurts" by Nazareth.[citation needed
]

The seventh episode of season 6 of the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds focuses on the BAU team tracking down a trio of young men, one of whom is revealed to be the son of the sheriff leading the investigation, who kidnap, rape, and murder several exotic dancers in Indiana. The 2012 film Magic Mike and 2015 sequel Magic Mike XXL are fictionalized stories of the lives of several male performers.[citation needed] In We're the Millers (2013), Jennifer Aniston plays a stripper who is hired by her drug dealer neighbor to pose as his wife in order to smuggle marijuana from Mexico into America.[31] Lap Dance (2014), which stars Briana Evigan and Carmen Electra, focuses on an aspiring actress who makes a pact with her husband to take a job as an exotic dancer so she can make money to care for her cancer-stricken father. It is based on the true story of the film's director Greg Carter. Dixieland (2015) involves Riley Keough as a stripper making money to support her sick mother and is also being abused by her manager.[32][33] In the TV series La que se avecina, Lola Reynolds (played by Macarena Gómez), changes her job and works as a stripper after know she will earn more money.[34]

Music and spoken word

Strippers have been the inspiration for a number of musical artists, with several of the songs resulting in hit singles. An instrumental, "

Broadway in the U.S. city of San Francisco, California. "Private Dancer" by Tina Turner was an international hit and her second highest-charting single reaching No. 7 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. "Girls, Girls, Girls" by Mötley Crüe was also a Top 20 hit on the U.S. charts.[citation needed
]

I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)" in 2006. Hip hop artist Flo Rida had two No. 1 hits in the U.S. in the 2000s with "Right Round" and "Low". For both hip-hop artists, the depictions of strippers and expressions of lust are far more explicit than in songs released in earlier music eras. This is not limited to hip-hop, with contemporary songs in other styles of music sharing similar traits. "Worked Up So Sexual" by The Faint is graphic in its depiction of dancer rivalry (older dancers gag at what new talent seems to mean, smaller tits and younger limbs) and customers longing to bed them. Public acceptance of the music has not faltered, and many dancers perform to these and other songs depicting women in subjectively negative ways while on stage.[citation needed
]

]

Video games

Duke Nukem 3D, released in 1996, became the original pioneer video game for the inclusion of strippers.[35] The Grand Theft Auto series has strippers and strip clubs in many of its games, starting with Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002).[36][37][38][39][40][41]

Legal issues

From ancient times to the present day, striptease has been considered a form of

public nudity and subject to legal and cultural prohibitions on moral and decency grounds.[citation needed
]

Laws and court cases

Many U.S. jurisdictions have specific laws on the books related to striptease, with more being added increasing both complexity of enforcement and impact. For example, the classification of dancers as independent contractors has been challenged in court, successfully in Massachusetts in 2009.[42] One of the more notorious local ordinances is San Diego Municipal Code 33.3610,[43] specific and strict in response to allegations of corruption among local officials[44] which included contacts in the nude entertainment industry. Among its provisions is the "six foot rule", copied by other municipalities in requiring that dancers maintain a six-foot distance while performing.[citation needed]

Touching of performers is illegal in many U.S. states. However, some dancers and some clubs condone touching of dancers during private dances. This touching often includes the fondling of breasts, buttocks, and in rare cases the vaginal region. In some locales, dancers may give a customer a "lap dance", whereby the dancer grinds against the customer's crotch while they are fully clothed in an attempt to arouse them or bring them to climax. Other rules forbid "full nudity". In some parts of the US, there are laws forbidding the exposure of female nipples, which have thus to be covered by pasties by the dancer (though not applied to the exposure of male nipples). In early 2010, the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan banned fully exposed breasts in its strip clubs, following the example of Houston, Texas who began enforcing a similar ordinance in 2008.[8] The Detroit city council has since softened the rules eliminating the requirement for pasties[45] but kept other restrictions. Both municipalities were reputed to have rampant occurrences of illicit activity including prostitution linked to its striptease establishments[46][47] within their city limits.[citation needed]

In Britain in the 1930s, when the Windmill Theatre, London, began to present nude shows, British law prohibited performers moving whilst in a state of nudity.[48] To get around that rule, models appeared naked in stationary tableaux vivants. To keep within the law, sometimes devices were used which rotated the models without them moving themselves. Fan dances were another device used to keep performances within the law. These allowed a naked dancer's body to be concealed by her fans or those of her attendants, until the end of an act, when she posed naked for a brief interval whilst standing stock still, and the lights went out or the curtain dropped to allow her to leave the stage.[citation needed]

In 2010, Iceland outlawed

striptease.[49] Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Iceland's prime minister, said: "The Nordic countries are leading the way on women's equality, recognizing women as equal citizens rather than commodities for sale."[50] The politician behind the bill, Kolbrún Halldórsdóttir, said: "It is not acceptable that women or people in general are a product to be sold."[50]

Collective bargaining

As the sex industry has grown and become a more established sector of national economies, sex workers—strippers included—have mobilized to negotiate or demand workplace rights. One means of collectivization pursued by strippers is the formation of labor unions, which involves formal membership. These strippers' unions have tended to focus on economic and workers' rights rather than civil rights, which constitutes a significant departure from the advocacy groups for prostitutes' rights that began in the 1970s and 1980s.[51] The stigma attached to sex work also creates another obstacle to organization because many strippers and other types of sex workers are uncomfortable with declaring their profession publicly, even in a movement to improve their work environment and benefits.[52]

One potential critique of the organization of strippers and sex workers of other types is that people in management positions in these industries, who are in a position to perpetuate the exploitation that sex workers face, can infiltrate these labor organizations and lobby for the maintenance of a status quo.[53]

Australia

The Striptease Artists of Australia formed in 2002. The SAA successfully negotiated an

industrial award with the AIRC in 2006. Despite this establishment of an industry-wide minimum standard for labor rights, changes to employment legislature under a Conservative government enabled employers to utilize loopholes such as employing strippers as sub-contractors.[citation needed
]

Another group, the Scarlet Alliance, has been involved in advocacy and projects geared towards improving the standing of sex workers since its inception in 1989. While labor rights are an important part of this group's agenda, it is not a labor union.[51]

Britain

The International Union of Sex Workers is a branch of the GMB, a major general union in Great Britain.[51]

Canada

In the 1980s, the Vancouver Exotic Dancers Alliance formed and was active for about a decade.[52] The Canadian Guild for Erotic Labour was established in 2004.[citation needed]

United States

The Lusty Lady of San Francisco is a notable example of collectivization of strippers in the U.S. When the strippers of the establishment successfully unionized in 1996 through the Erotic Dancers' Alliance, the owners of the club closed it. In response, the strippers formed a cooperative in 2003 to run the club themselves, renamed the Looking Glass Collective.[51] The Lusty Lady closed in 2013.[54]

In 2023, strippers at the Star Garden Topless Dive Bar in North Hollywood, California voted to unionize and join the Actors' Equity Association, which made them the only group of unionized strippers in the United States.[54][55][56]

See also

References

  1. – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b Carrier, Brandon. "What does a male stripper do? (blog)". articleonlinedirectory.com. Article Online Directory. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  3. ^ a b Egan, Danielle (6 January 2006). "The naked truth about male stripping". The Tyee. Canada. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  4. ^ "Graph of these comma-separated phrases: 'male stripper' between 1946 and 2008 from the corpus 'English'". Google Ngram Viewer. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  5. ^ Bernard, Constance; DeGabrielle, Christen; Cartier, Lynette; Monk-Turner, Elizabeth; Phill, Celestine; Sherwood, Jennifer; Tyree, Thomasena (Winter 2003). "Exotic dancers: gender differences in societal reaction, subcultural ties, and conventional support". Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture. 10 (1): 1–11. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017. PDF Archived 25 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. .
  7. ^ a b "Houston topless clubs lose case, may respond to Supreme Court with pasties". canada.com/victoriatimescolonist. Victoria Times. 29 March 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2004.
  8. ^ Wendroff, Darren (September 2004). "Strip-Club Etiquette". Men's Health. 19 (7): 86. Retrieved 10 May 2013.[dead link]
  9. .
  10. ^ on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  11. ^ Matteucci, Megan (22 October 2009). "Police: Strip club offered drugs, sex". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  12. ^ Erskine, Michael (16 December 2007). "Exotic dance club is still open despite lawsuits". commercialappeal.com. The Commercial Appeal. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  13. ^ "Nudity, noise pay off in Bay Area night clubs". Los Angeles Times. 14 February 1965. p. G5.
  14. ^ Bell, Tom (14 March 2010). "Sex & the country". Portland Press Herald. Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  15. .
  16. ^ .
  17. ^ "Porn is just one 'sex work' way to cover college tuition". Adult Video News. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  18. ^ a b c Grove, Jack. "Acceptable face of 'party night' striptease". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  19. ^ Taylor, Victoria (22 February 2014). "San Francisco strip clubs place recruitment ad in college newspaper". New York Daily News. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  20. ^ "Hiring a male stripper: advice from the experts". Batchelorette.com. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  21. ^ "Male strippers; the myths and the facts". Strip Magazine. 23 December 2005. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  22. .
  23. Washington Post
    . Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  24. Ziff Davis, LLC
    . 5 April 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  25. ^ Squires, John (14 November 2017). "'Planet Terror' is 100x More Badass in 2017 Than It Was in 2007". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  26. ^ "Heather Graham confesses that she lived as a stripper". Daily Telegraph. News Pty Ltd. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  27. ^ Weisman, Aly (10 August 2012). "Heather Graham Resumes Her Stripper Role In 'Hangover 3'—Here's Today's Buzz". Business Insider. Insider Inc. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  28. Independent. Archived
    from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  29. Penske Business Media, LLC.
    Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  30. Penske Business Media, LLC.
    Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  31. ^ "Lola trabaja como bailarina de striptease… y Javi y Fermín se lían a puñetazos con los clientes". Telecinco (in Spanish). 31 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  32. ^ Patnode, Rene (22 March 2001). "id as Super-Ego: The Creation of Duke Nukem 3D" (PDF). Fabien Sanglard's Website. p. 48. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  33. ^ Modine, Austin (7 November 2008). "First Amendment rescues Grand Theft Auto's 'totally nude' strip club". The Register. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  34. ^ Fillari, Alessandro (19 May 2018). "Grand Theft Auto 4's Open World Is Still Fantastic 10 Years Later". GameSpot. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  35. Future Publishing Limited
    . p. 2. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  36. vg247
    . Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  37. Associated Newspapers Limited
    .
  38. ^ Edwards, Jim (29 October 2013). "In Grand Theft Auto V, If You Flirt With The Strippers Using The Microphone Other Players Can Hear You". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  39. ^ "Commonwealth of Massachusetts Superior Court Civil Action No. 07-505 Lucienne Chaves & another vs. King Arthur's Lounge Inc." (PDF). llrlaw.com. Litchen & Liss-Riordan, P.C. 7 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2012.
  40. ^ "San Diego Municipal Code—Chapter 3: Business Regulations, Business Taxes, Permits and Licenses" (PDF). The City of San Diego. November 2000.
  41. ^ LaVelle, Philip J. (19 July 2005). "More bad news? What else is new? (San Diego Corruption Trial)". The San Diego Union-Tribune.
  42. ^ "Detroit passes new strip club rules". clickondetroit.com. ClickOn Detroit. 21 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2004.
  43. ^ "Another Houston strip club raided". thesmokinggun.com. The Smoking Gun. 2 June 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2004.
  44. ^ Blu, Fantasee (11 November 2009). "Detroit City Council to vote on strip club restrictions". kissdetroit.hellobeautiful.com. Kiss FM, Detroit. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  45. .
  46. ^ "Legislation bans stripping in Iceland". icelandreview.com. Iceland Review Online. 24 March 2010. Archived from the original on 1 December 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  47. ^
    Salon.com
    . Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  48. ^
  49. ^ .
  50. ^ Marr, Stella (24 May 2012), Pimps posing as 'sex worker activists' & conflicts of interest (blog), Survivors Connect, retrieved 16 May 2013 – via WordPress (registration required)
  51. ^ a b Bowman, Emma (18 May 2023). "In a historic step, strippers at an LA bar unionize". NPR.
  52. ^ "Strippers have a new tactic in a North Hollywood labor fight. Organizing with an actors union". Los Angeles Times. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  53. ^ "Dancers at this California topless bar to become only unionized strippers in U.S." Los Angeles Times. 16 May 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.

Further reading

External links

  • Media related to Strippers at Wikimedia Commons