Strymon (theme)
Theme of Strymon Στρυμών, θέμα Στρυμόνος | ||
---|---|---|
Nicaean recovery | 1246 | |
• Serres conquered by Serbs . | 1345 | |
Today part of | Greece |
The Theme of Strymon (
Location
The theme covered the region between the
History
In the 8th century, Strymon was a kleisoura of Macedonia.[5] The exact date of its establishment as an independent theme is unknown, but it probably dates to the first half of the 9th century.[6] A passage in Theophanes the Confessor dated to 809 may imply its existence already at that date, but its governor is not included in the list of offices known as the Taktikon Uspensky of c. 842. The strategos of Strymon first appears in the 899 Kletorologion, although a series of seals naming both archontes and strategoi of Strymon are known from the second quarter of the 9th century.[1][3][6] In addition, the bishop of Serres was elevated to an archbishop at about the same time, a possible indication of the establishment of a thematic capital there.[6] Several authors like the French Byzantinist Paul Lemerle support its creation in the late 840s, during Theoktistos's anti-Slavic campaigns,[7] but historian Warren Treadgold considers it to have become a full theme in c. 896, to counter the threat of the Bulgarian tsar Symeon I (r. 893–927).[8]
In the late 10th century, the theme was divided in two parts: Strymon proper, also known as Chryseuba or Chrysaba (Χρυσεύβα/Χρυσάβα, according to the Greek scholar
The theme continued in existence until the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire by the
References
- ^ a b Fine 1991, p. 83.
- ^ Obolensky 1974, pp. 77–78.
- ^ a b c d e f ODB, "Theme of Strymon" (T. E. Gregory), p. 1968.
- ^ Obolensky 1974, p. 78.
- ^ Pertusi 1952, pp. 166–167; Treadgold 1995, pp. 33, 76.
- ^ a b c Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1991, p. 104.
- ^ Pertusi 1952, p. 166.
- ^ Treadgold 1995, pp. 33, 36, 67.
- ^ Oikonomides 1972, p. 357.
- ^ Bartusis 1997, p. 68.
Sources
- Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- Chatziantoniou, Elisavet (2012–2013). "Παρατηρήσεις σχετικά με την οικονομική διοίκηση του θέματος Βολερού, Στρυμόνος και Θεσσαλονίκης (11ος αι.)" [Observations regarding the Fiscal Administration of the theme of Boleros, Strymon, and Thessalonike (11th century)] (PDF). Byzantiaka (in Greek). 30. Thessaloniki: Hellenic Historical Society: 149–193. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
- ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Nesbitt, John W.; ISBN 0-88402-194-7.
- ISBN 9780351176449.
- Oikonomides, Nicolas (1972). Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles(in French). Paris, France: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
- Pertusi, A. (1952). Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus (in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.
- Treadgold, Warren T. (1995). Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3163-2.