StuffIt
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (May 2023) |
Aladdin Systems, Smith Micro Software | |
Stable release | 16.2
|
---|---|
Operating system | macOS, Windows |
Type | Data compression |
License | Proprietary |
Website | stuffit |
StuffIt is a discontinued family of
The proprietary compression format used by the StuffIt utilities is also termed StuffIt.In December 2019, Smith Micro Software, the product's most-recent owner and developer, officially announced that StuffIt had reached its end-of-life and that StuffIt products would no longer be developed.[3] One last update did come out in December 2020 after the launch of the Apple M1 architecture to support that and Intel Mac systems through a universal binary of the program.
Overview
Filename extension |
.sit |
---|---|
Internet media type |
application/x-stuffit application/x-sit |
Container for | files, including resource forks |
StuffIt was originally developed in the summer of 1987 by Raymond Lau,
StuffIt soon became very popular and
StuffIt was upgraded several times, and Lau removed himself from direct development as major upgrades to the "internal machinery" were rare. Because new features and techniques appeared regularly on the Macintosh platform, the shareware utility Compact Pro emerged as a competitor to StuffIt in the early 1990s.[citation needed]
A major competitive upgrade followed, accompanied by the release of the freeware StuffIt Expander, to make the format more universally readable, as well as the shareware StuffIt Lite which made it easier to produce. Prior to this anyone attempting to use the format needed to buy StuffIt, making Compact Pro more attractive. This move was a success, and Compact Pro subsequently fell out of use.
Several other Mac compression utilities appeared and disappeared during the 1990s, but none became a real threat to StuffIt's dominance. The only ones to see any widespread use were special-purpose "disk expanders" like DiskDoubler and SuperDisk!, which served a different niche. Apparently as a side-effect, StuffIt once again saw few upgrades. The file format changed in a number of major revisions, leading to incompatible updates. PC-based formats long surpassed the original StuffIt format in terms of compression, notably newer systems like RAR and 7z. These had little impact on the Mac market, as most of these never appeared in an easy-to-use program on the Mac.[citation needed]
With the introduction of
Filename extension |
.sitx |
---|---|
Internet media type |
application/x-stuffitx application/x-sitx |
Container for | files, including resource forks |
Although it was late to market,
From the mid-1990s until the 2005 acquisition by
Although Mac files generally did not use filename extensions, one of StuffIt's primary uses was to allow Mac files to be stored on non-Mac systems where extensions were required. So, StuffIt-compressed files save the resource forks of the Macintosh files inside them, and typically have the extension .sit. Newer (non-backwards compatible) Stuffit X-compressed files carry the file extension .sitx. Encrypted StuffIt archives created with the now-discontinued Private File utility will have .pf extensions. StuffIt-compressed ShrinkWrap disk images will carry .img or .image extensions. However, a Classic Mac OS version of StuffIt is needed to mount the images or convert them to a newer format readable in macOS.
Smith Micro Software offers free downloads of StuffIt Expander for Mac and Windows, which expands (uncompresses) files compressed using the StuffIt and StuffIt X format, as well as many other compressed, encoded, encrypted and segmented formats. The shareware application DropStuff permits the compressing of files into the StuffIt X format.
The StuffIt and StuffIt X formats remain, unlike some other file compression formats,
There was also a "self-expanding" variant of StuffIt files with a .sea extension that runs as an executable. A utility called unsea exists to turn such an executable into a vanilla sit file.[5]
Derivative products
StuffIt Image Format (SIF)
Early in 2005, a new JPEG compression system was released that regularly obtained compression in the order of 25%[6] (meaning a compressed file size 75% of the original file size) without any further loss of image quality and with the ability to rebuild the original file, not just the original image. (ZIP-like programs typically achieve JPEG compression rates in the order of 1 to 3%. Programs that optimize JPEGs without regard for the original file, only the original image, obtain compression rates from 3 to 10% (depending on the efficiency of the original JPEG). Programs that use the rarely implemented arithmetic coding option available to the JPEG standard typically achieve rates around 12%.)
The new technique was implemented as a StuffIt X format option in their StuffIt Deluxe product. They have also proposed a new image format known as SIF, which simply consists of a single JPEG file compressed using this new technique.
Pending filing of their patent, they retain knowledge of the details of this algorithm as a trade secret. Some details are disclosed in:[7] the high JPEG recompression is achieved by undoing the last step of the JPEG compression itself (the Huffman encoding of quantized transform coefficients). Instead, the transform coefficients are compressed by a more efficient algorithm (a predictive model based on the DC coefficients of neighboring blocks). Similar techniques are also applied for other image file formats such as GIF and TIFF and even the MP3 music file format. By means of decomposition, the relatively high compression rates for individual file formats can also be achieved for container file formats such as PDF, PSD and even ZIP.
StuffIt Wireless
On July 5, 2005, Smith Micro Software announced their acquisition and intention to expand the new JPEG recompression technique to wireless platforms and other file formats. The initial press release and preliminary information saw the first use of the title “StuffIt Wireless.”
StuffIt Expander
StuffIt Expander is a proprietary, freeware, closed source, decompression software utility developed by Allume Systems (a subsidiary of Smith Micro Software formerly known as Aladdin Systems). It runs on the classic Mac OS, macOS, and Microsoft Windows. Prior to 2011, a Linux version had also been available for download.
Notable features
Duplicate Folding
Duplicate Folding is a feature which saves even more space by only keeping one copy of a duplicate file in an archive. [8][9][10][11]
Issues
Backwards compatibility
Changes to the Stuffit compression format render previous versions of Stuffit or software using its API unable to decompress newer archives, necessitating installation of new versions. This incompatibility can be inconvenient for work flows where timely execution is of importance, or where the intended recipient's system is not capable of running newer versions of Stuffit. Though users are able to create archives in a legacy format, this functionality is not clearly exposed.[12]
Alternatives
macOS includes
While StuffIt used to be a standard way of packaging Mac software for download, macOS native compressed
StuffIt might still be used in situations where its specific features are required (archive editing/browsing, better compression, JPEG compression, encryption, old packages). An open source alternative might be
See also
- List of archive formats
- List of file archivers
- Comparison of file archivers
- DiskDoubler
References
- ^ Official vendor information about StuffIt for Linux and Solaris Archived 2008-11-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Stuffit Archives, explains how to open StuffIt and StuffIt X archives on Linux
- ^ "Stuffit Application End of Life" (Press release). Smith Micro Software. December 1, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- ^ "Raymond Lau: StuffIt". www.raylau.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-07.
- ^ "Archivers of Syllable". www.angelfire.com.
- ^ Gilchrist, Jeff. "ACT JPEG Compression Test". www.compression.ca.
- ISBN 9781848829039.
- ^ "StuffIt compared to Zip". Archived from the original on 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
- ^ "StuffIt Deluxe 2009 Keeps Evolving After 20 Years". TidBITS. 17 September 2008.
- ^ "Review: StuffIt Deluxe 2010". 30 January 2010.
- ^ "StuffIt - The Premier Compression Solution Celebrates Its 20th Anniversary with the Launch of StuffIt Deluxe 2009 for the Mac". www.businesswire.com. 17 September 2008.
- ^ "Macworld - News, tips, and reviews from the Apple experts". Macworld.
- ^ "The Unarchiver".
StuffIt: No encryption; StuffIt X: Partial