Sub tuum praesidium
Beneath Thy Protection (
History
The earliest text of this
Recent scholarship has identified the hymn in the Georgian Iadgari (Chantbook) of Jerusalem, demonstrating that the Sub Tuum Praesidium was in liturgical use during the 5th century.[8][9]
The Sub Tuum was part of the Order of
Henri de Villiers finds in the term "blessed" a reference to the salutation by Saint Elizabeth in Luke 1:42.[11] 'Praesidium' is translated as "an assistance given in time of war by fresh troops in a strong manner."[12]
The former medieval and post-medieval practice in several dioceses, especially in France, was to use the Sub tuum as the final antiphon at Compline instead of the Salve Regina,[11] and in the Rite of Braga, where it is sung at the end of Mass.
Indulgence
Pope Pius VI in the decree of 5 April 1786 granted the indulgence of one hundred days and, on Sundays, of 7 years and the same number of forty years to anyone who with a heart contrition recited in the morning the antiphon Salve Regina and in the evening the Sub tuum praesidium.[13]
This type of indulgences expressed in days or years was suppressed by the Indulgentiarum Doctrina of 1967.
The
Modern use
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In the
In the
The Slavonic version of the hymn is also often used outside of Great Lent, with the triple invocation «Пресвятая Богородице, спаси нас!» ("Most Holy Theotokos, save us") appended.
The prayer has a special importance in Ukrainian Orthodoxy because Ukrainians connect it to the Intercession aspect of the Mother of God, which in its turn is outstandingly hallowed in the Ukrainian tradition.
The hymn is used in the Coptic liturgy, as well as in the Armenian, Byzantine, Ambrosian, and Roman Rite liturgies.
In the
.The prayer has a special significance for
Since 2018, Pope Francis has asked to pray this hymn along with the Rosary and the Prayer to Saint Michael asking for the unity of the Church during October (2018) in the face of diverse scandals and accusations. In the official communiqué he added that "Russian mystics and the great saints of all the traditions advised, in moments of spiritual turbulence, to shelter beneath the mantle of the Holy Mother of God pronouncing the invocation 'Sub Tuum Praesidium'".[17]
In Poland this prayer is often popularly prayed at the end of the Rosary.
Musical settings
The Latin version has been set to music in the West many times, notably by Marc-Antoine Charpentier,[18] (3 settings: H.20, for 3 voices and bc, 1670; H.28, for 3 voices unaccompanied, 1681–82; H.352, for 1 voice and bc; late1680s), Jan Dismas Zelenka, (10 settings for SATB and bc),[19] Antonio Salieri, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven.[10]
Other than the traditional and modern chant settings, which are the most commonly used, the most well-known musical setting in Slavonic traditiona is perhaps that of the Ukrainian composer Dmitry Bortniansky. Another Ukrainian version was composed by Ihor Sonevytsky.
Recensions
Greek
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Church Slavonic
The earliest Church Slavonic manuscripts have the prayer in the following form:
Church Slavonic |
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This version continues to be used by the
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English Translation |
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This second version continues in use today.
Latin
The Latin translation, likely derived from the Greek, dates from the 11th century:
Latin Text | English Translation |
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Some of the Latin versions have also incorporated the following verses often attributed to Saint Bernard of Clairvaux[22] to the above translation:
Domina nostra, Mediatrix nostra, Advocata nostra (Our Lady, our Mediatrix, Our Advocate)
tuo Filio nos reconcilia (Reconcile us to your Son)
tuo Filio nos recommenda (Recommend us to your Son)
References
- ^ Roberta Mazza (2019). Dating Early Christian Papyri: Old and New Methods – Introduction, in Journal for the Study of the New Testament, vol. 42(1) (2019) [1]
- ISBN 978-1-55725-536-5.
- ^ See the Leuven Database of Ancient Books, P. Ryl. 470. About the date of the papyrus Rylands III 470, see also Hans Förster, «Die älteste marianische Antiphon - eine Fehldatierung? Überlegungen zum "ältesten Beleg" des Sub tuum praesidium», in Journal of Coptic Studies 7 (2005), pp. 99-109.
- ^ O'Carroll, Michael (1982). Theotokos. A Theological Encyclopedia of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Wilmington: Michael Glazier Inc. p. 336.
- ^ Mercenier, François (1939). L'Antienne mariale grecque la plus ancienne (in French). Le Muséon 52. pp. 229–233.
- ^ Hans Förster, «Die älteste marianische Antiphon - eine Fehldatierung? Überlegungen zum "ältesten Beleg" des Sub tuum praesidium», in Journal of Coptic Studies 7 (2005), pp. 99-109.
- S2CID 245321013.
- OCLC 1047578356.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link - ^ Frøyshov, Stig Simeon. "[Hymnography of the] Rite of Jerusalem". Canterbury Dictionary of Hymnology.
- ^ a b c "Green, Michael. "The History of the Sub Tuum"" (PDF). Static.squarespace.com. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ a b c "The Sub Tuum Praesidium". Newliturgicalmovement.org. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ "Help of Christians : University of Dayton, Ohio". Udayton.edu. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ Cancani Amadeo (1826). Brief instruction on ecclesiastical indulgences in general and on the jubilee (in Italian). in the Andreola typography editr. p. 65.
- ISBN 88-209-2785-3.
- ^ The Lenten Triodion. The Service Books of the Orthodox Church. Translated by Mother Mary; Ware, Kallistos. South Canaan, PA: St. Tikhon's Seminary Press. 2002. pp. 90–92.
- ^ Service-Book for Clergy: Vespers. Pittsburgh, PA: Metropolitan Cantor Institute. 2019. p. 81.
- ^ "Pope Francis invites the faithful to pray the Rosary in October". Vaticannews.va. 2018-09-29. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ^ Charpentier, Marc-Antoine (2017) [ca. 1687]. "Sub tuum praesidium, H.352". Imslp.org. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Zelenka, Jan Dismas (2015) [ca. 1725-34]. "10 Sub tuum praesidium, ZWV 157". Imslp.org.
- ^ https://mci.archpitt.org/songs/Slavonic/Pod_tvoju_milost.html
- ^ ""Sub tuum Praesidium", KofC" (PDF). Kofc.org. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ Schneider, Josephus (1900). Manuale Sacerdotum (in Latin). J. P. Bachem.
- ^ Crowther, Arthur Anselm (1663). Jesus, Maria, Joseph: Or, The Devout Pilgrim of the Ever Blessed Virgin Mary. In His Holy Exercises Upon the Sacred Mysteries of Jesus, Maria, Joseph. p. 187.
- ^ Gebet- und Gesang-Buch für die Schüler des Znaimer Gymnasiums (in German). Lenck. 1865. p. 116.
External links
- "Under thy compassion we take refuge..." Photograph of Papyrus Rylands III 470, wrongly dated to 250 AD.
- Theotokos: A review of the scholarship on the paleographical date of P.Ryl. III 470 (“Sub Tuum Praesidium”)