Succession to the Belgian throne
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There are seventeen people in the
The monarch is considered to have acceded to the throne upon her/his taking of the oath as required by article 91 of the constitution.
Eligibility
Since 1991,
A person is deprived of his or her rights to the crown if he or she marries without the consent of the monarch (or the consent of those exercising the monarch's powers). The lost right may be re-established by the monarch (or by those exercising the monarch's powers) in the event of parliamentary agreement.[3] Should there be no eligible descendant of King Leopold I, the reigning monarch may name his or her heir presumptive with the approval of the Parliament, but if she or he doesn't name the heir presumptive, the throne would eventually become vacant.[4]
In the case of a vacancy, Parliament would appoint a Regent (see below), then elections would happen within two months, and the next Houses of Parliament would jointly appoint the next monarch.[5]
When King Albert II's daughter Astrid married Archduke Lorenz of Austria-Este in 1984, agnatic primogeniture being in effect, she had no succession rights and therefore did not seek the consent to her marriage. Following the introduction of absolute primogeniture among her father's descendants in 1991, it was deemed that she had obtained the necessary consent and thus assumed her place in the line along with her children.[2]
When Prince Amedeo married in 2014, it was reported that he did not ask his uncle King Philippe's permission,[6] and had therefore lost his right to the Belgian throne. However, on November 12, 2015, a Royal Decree was published which showed that consent had been given after the marriage retroactively.[7]
In October 2020 the
No head of a different state may become King (or Queen) of the Belgians, unless both Houses of Parliament separately agree to it, two-thirds of the Members being present in each House, and a two-thirds majority being required in each House.[9]
Accession
Upon the King's
The King[10] only accedes to the throne by solemnly taking the following oath in front of both Houses of Parliament in joint session: "I swear to observe the Constitution and the laws of the Belgian people, to maintain national independence and territorial integrity."[12]
If the King is prevented from reigning (French: dans l'impossibilité de régner), or if the successor of a deceased King is a minor, the Houses of Parliament jointly designate a Regent, who enters into office by taking the above oath. There can only be one Regent. [13]
In other words, unlike in most other European monarchies where the succession is automatic, in Belgium there is an interregnum between each monarch's demise (usually by death, twice so far by abdication: Leopold III and Albert II) and his successor's accession (by taking the constitutional oath of office).
Current list of succession
- King Albert II (born 1934)
- King Philippe (born 1960)
- (1) Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant (b. 2001)[1]
- (2) Prince Gabriel (b. 2003)[1]
- (3) Prince Emmanuel (b. 2005)[1]
- (4) Princess Eléonore (b. 2008)[1]
- (1)
- (5) Princess Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 1962)[1]
- (6) Prince Amedeo, Archduke of Austria-Este (b. 1986)[1]
- (10) Princess Maria Laura, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 1988)[1]
- (11) Prince Joachim, Archduke of Austria-Este (b. 1991)[1]
- (12) Princess Luisa Maria, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 1995)[1]
- (13) Princess Laetitia Maria, Archduchess of Austria-Este (b. 2003)[1]
- (14) Prince Laurent (b. 1963)[1]
- King Philippe (born 1960)
See also
- List of Belgian monarchs
- Lists of incumbents
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "La Belgique, une monarchie constitutionnelle et héréditaire" (PDF). www.belgium.be/. Government of Belgium. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
Depuis 1991, une femme peut donc être chef d'Etat en Belgique, à condition d'être une descendante directe de l'actuel Roi Albert II.
- ^ a b Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, title IX, section I
- ^ Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, art. 85
- ^ Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, art. 86
- ^ Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, art. 95
- ^ http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/947/Royalty/article/detail/2406328/2015/07/28/Prins-Amedeo-niet-meer-troongerechtigd.dhtml.
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(help) - ^ "Le prince Amedeo réintègre l'ordre de succession au trône | Metro". Archived from the original on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
- ^ "Delphine Boël: Belgium ex-king's love child wins royal titles". BBC News. 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
- ^ Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, art. 87
- ^ a b So far. The next Belgian monarch will probably be a Queen.
- ^ Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, art. 90
- ^ Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, art. 91
- ^ Belgian Constitution, coordinated 1994, 2005 version, art. 92-94
Bibliography
The Belgian Constitution, coordinated version 1994 including later revisions (in French)