Suffolk
Suffolk | |
---|---|
Density | 200/km2 (520/sq mi) |
Ethnicity | 97.2% White |
Non-metropolitan county | |
County council | Suffolk County Council |
Executive | Conservative |
Admin HQ | Ipswich |
Area | 3,800 km2 (1,500 sq mi) |
• Ranked | 4th of 21 |
Population | 763,375 |
• Ranked | 14th of 21 |
Density | 201/km2 (520/sq mi) |
ISO 3166-2 | GB-SFK |
ONS code | 42 |
GSS code | E10000029 |
ITL | UKH14 |
Website | suffolk |
Districts | |
Districts of Suffolk | |
Districts |
|
Suffolk (
The county has an area of 3,798 km2 (1,466 sq mi) and a population of 758,556. After Ipswich (144,957) in the south, the largest towns are Lowestoft (73,800) in the north-east and Bury St Edmunds (40,664) in the west. Suffolk contains four local government districts, which are part of a two-tier non-metropolitan county also called Suffolk.
The Suffolk
It is also known for its extensive farming and has largely arable land. Newmarket is known for horse racing, and Felixstowe is one of the largest container ports in Europe.[3]
History
Administration
The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Suffolk, and East Anglia generally, occurred on a large scale,[4] possibly following a period of depopulation by the previous inhabitants, the Romanised descendants of the Iceni.[5] By the fifth century, they had established control of the region. The Anglo-Saxon inhabitants later became the "north folk" and the "south folk", from which developed the names "Norfolk" and "Suffolk".[6]
Suffolk was divided into four separate
On 1 April 1974, under the
In 2007 the
Archaeology
In the east of the county is
While carrying out surveys before installing a pipeline in 2014, archaeologists for
In 2019 an excavation of a 4th-century
A survey in 2020 named Suffolk the third best place in the UK for aspiring archaeologists, and showed that the area was especially rich in finds from the Roman period, with over 1500 objects found in the preceding year.[21]
In July 2020, metal detectorist Luke Mahoney found 1,061 silver hammered coins, estimated to be worth £100,000, in Ipswich. The coins dated back to the 15th–17th century, according to experts.[22]
In September 2020, archaeologists announced the discovery of an Anglo-Saxon cemetery with seventeen cremations and 191 burials dating back to the 7th century in Oulton, near Lowestoft. The graves contained the remains of men, women and children, as well as artefacts including small iron knives and silver pennies, wrist clasps, strings of amber and glass beads. According to Andrew Peachey, who carried out the excavations, the skeletons had mostly vanished because of the highly acidic soil. They, fortunately, were preserved as brittle shapes and "sand silhouettes" in the sand.[23][24]
Suffolk Pink
Villages and towns in Suffolk are renowned for historic, pink-washed halls and cottages, which has become known far and wide as "Suffolk Pink". Decorative paint colours found in the county can range from a pale shell shade, to a deep blush brick colour.[25]
According to research, Suffolk Pink dates back to the 14th century, when these shades were developed by local dyers by adding natural substances to a traditional
Locals and historians often state that a true Suffolk Pink should be a "deep dusky terracotta shade",[26] rather than the more popular pastel hue of modern times. This has caused controversy in the past when home and business-owners alike have been reprimanded for using colours deemed incorrect, with some being forced to repaint to an acceptable shade. In 2013, famous chef Marco Pierre White had his 15th-century hotel, The Angel, in Lavenham, decorated a shade of pink that was not traditional Suffolk Pink. He was required by local authorities to repaint.[27][28]
In another example of Suffolk taking its colours seriously, a homeowner in Lavenham was obligated to paint their Grade I listed cottage Suffolk Pink, to make it match a neighbouring property. The local council said it wanted all of the cottages on that particular part of the road to be the same colour, because they were a single building historically (300 years earlier).[29]
The historic Suffolk Pink colour has also inspired the name of a British apple.[30]
Geography
Suffolk is also home to nature reserves, such as the
The west of the county lies on more resistant Cretaceous chalk. This chalk is responsible for a sweeping tract of largely downland landscapes that stretches from Dorset in the south west to Dover in the south east and north through East Anglia to the Yorkshire Wolds. The chalk is less easily eroded so forms the only significant hills in the county. The highest point in the county is Great Wood Hill, with an elevation of 128 metres (420 ft).[32]
The county flower is the
Demography
According to estimates by the Office for National Statistics, the population of Suffolk in 2014 was 738,512, split almost evenly between males and females. Roughly 22% of the population was aged 65 or older, and 90.84% were White British.[34]
Historically, the county's population has mostly been employed as agricultural workers. An 1835 survey showed Suffolk to have 4,526 occupiers of land employing labourers, 1,121 occupiers not employing labourers, 33,040 labourers employed in agriculture, 676 employed in manufacture, 18,167 employed in retail trade or handicraft, 2,228 'capitalists, bankers etc.', 5,336 labourers (non-agricultural), 4,940 other males aged over 20, 2,032 male servants and 11,483 female servants.[35]
Most English counties have nicknames for people from that county, such as a
Another is "Silly Suffolk", often assumed to be derived from the Old English word sælig in the meaning "blessed", referring to the long history of Christianity in the county.[37] However, use of the term "Silly Suffolk" can actually be dated to no earlier than 1819, and its alleged medieval origins have been shown to be mythical.[38]
Rank | Town | Population (2011) |
Borough/District council |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Ipswich | 133,384 | Ipswich Borough Council |
2 | Lowestoft | 71,000 | East Suffolk Council |
3 | Bury St Edmunds | 42,000 | West Suffolk Council |
4 | Haverhill | 27,041 | West Suffolk Council |
5 | Felixstowe | 23,689 | East Suffolk Council |
6 | Newmarket | 20,384 | West Suffolk Council |
Economy
The majority of agriculture in Suffolk is either
The continuing importance of agriculture in the county is reflected in the Suffolk Show, which is held annually in May at Ipswich. Although latterly somewhat changed in nature, this remains primarily an agricultural show.[39]
Companies based in Suffolk include
Below is a chart of regional gross value added of Suffolk at basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.
Year | Regional gross value added[fn 1] | Agriculture[fn 2] | Industry[fn 3] | Services[fn 4] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 7,113 | 391 | 2,449 | 4,273 |
2000 | 8,096 | 259 | 2,589 | 5,248 |
2003 | 9,456 | 270 | 2,602 | 6,583 |
Source[40] |
Education
Primary, secondary and further education
Suffolk has a
Many of the county's upper schools have a sixth form and most further education colleges in the county offer A-level courses. In terms of school population, Suffolk's individual schools are large with the Ipswich district with the largest school population and Forest Heath the smallest, with just two schools. In 2013, a letter said that "...nearly a fifth of the schools inspected were judged inadequate. This is unacceptable and now means that Suffolk has a higher proportion of pupils educated in inadequate schools than both the regional and national averages."[42]
The Castle Partnership Academy Trust in Haverhill is the county's only All-through Academy Chain. Comprising Castle Manor Academy and Place Farm Primary Academy, the Academy Trust supports all-through education and provides opportunities for young people aged 3 to 18.
Tertiary education
The county has one university, with branches spread across different towns.
The university operates at five sites, with its central hub in Ipswich. Others include Lowestoft, Bury St. Edmunds, and Great Yarmouth in Norfolk.[47] The university operates two academic faculties and in 2019/20 had 9,565 students. Some 30% of the student body are classed as mature students and 68% of university students are female.[48]
Culture
Arts
Founded in 1948 by
Dialect
The
Sport
Football
The county's sole professional
Horse racing
The town of
Speedway
Cricket
Suffolk in popular culture
Novels set in Suffolk include parts of
A TV series about a British antiques dealer,
The
The song "Castle on the Hill" by Ed Sheeran was referred to by him as "a love letter to Suffolk", with lyrical references to his hometown of Framlingham and Framlingham Castle.[72][73]
Knype Hill is the fictional name for Southwold in George Orwell's 1935 novel A Clergyman's Daughter, while the character of Dorothy Hare is modelled on Brenda Salkeld, the gym mistress at St Felix School in the early 1930s.[74]
Richard Curtis and Danny Boyle's 2019 romantic comedy Yesterday was filmed throughout Suffolk, using Halesworth, Dunwich, Shingle Street and Latitude Festival as locations.[75] The television series of Anthony Horowitz's Magpie Murders was filmed extensively in Suffolk during 2021.
The 2021 film The Dig, based on the excavation of Sutton Hoo in the 1930s and starring Ralph Fiennes and Carey Mulligan was mostly shot on location.
The 2022 series
Media
Television
The county is covered by BBC East and ITV Anglia which broadcast from Norwich. Television signals are received from the Tacolneston TV transmitter in the north of Suffolk,[76] Sudbury TV transmitter in the central and south of Suffolk, [77] and the Sandy Heath TV transmitter in Bedfordshire that broadcast in the west of Suffolk.[78]
Radio
BBC Local Radio for the county is served by BBC Radio Suffolk which broadcast from its studios in Ipswich. County-wide commercial radio stations are Heart East, Greatest Hits Radio East and Nation Radio Suffolk. Community based stations such as ICR FM (serving Ipswich) and RWSfm 103.3 (covering Bury St Edmunds).
Newspapers
The county is served by these local newspapers:
Notable people
In the arts, Suffolk is noted for having been home to two of England's best regarded painters,
The writer
Suffolk's contributions to sport include
Significant ecclesiastical figures from Suffolk include
Other significant persons from Suffolk include the great
The popular Victorian novelist
Edmund of East Anglia
King of East Anglia and Christian
Gallery
-
Southwold, a popular seaside town
-
Lavenham is a preserved medieval village
-
Aldeburgh beachfront
-
Ancient Cottages in Kersey
See also
- List of places of interest in Suffolk
- History of Suffolk
- Healthcare in Suffolk
- Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)
- Suffolk Police and Crime Commissioner
- Suffolk Coast and Heaths
- List of Lords Lieutenant of Suffolk
- List of High Sheriffs of Suffolk
- Suffolk Youth Orchestra
Notes
References
- ^ "No. 62943". The London Gazette. 13 March 2020. p. 5161.
- ^ "Features and Habitats". coastandheaths.org. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ "Top 50 Container Ports in Europe". World Shipping Council. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ Toby F. Martin, The Cruciform Brooch and Anglo-Saxon England, Boydell and Brewer Press (2015), pp. 174–178
- ^ Dark, Ken R. "Large-scale population movements into and from Britain south of Hadrian's Wall in the fourth to sixth centuries AD" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ "English Place Names". englishplaceneames.co.uk. James Rye. Archived from the original on 31 December 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ Reports of cases argued and determined in the Queen's Bench Practice Court. Bail Court Great Britain. 1848. p. 628.
- ^ "Suffolk March Sessions". Ipswich Journal. 17 March 1860. p. 6. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Local Government Act, 1888" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Local Government Act 1972". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "UK Government Web Archive". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012.
- ^ "Suffolk structural review". The Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
- ^ "Unitary authorities-Exeter and Norwich get green light". Department for Communities and Local Government. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "Pickles stops unitary councils in Exeter, Norwich and Suffolk". Department for Communities and Local Government. Archived from the original on 30 May 2010. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ^ Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (24 May 2018). "The West Suffolk (Local Government Changes) Order 2018". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (24 May 2018). "The East Suffolk (Local Government Changes) Order 2018". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- ISBN 1850744777.
- ^ "Sutton Hoo History". The National Trust. Archived from the original on 11 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "Roman skeletons discovered by Anglian Water in Barnham, Bardwell, Pakenham and Rougham". East Anglian Daily Times. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Decapitated bodies found in Roman cemetery in Great Whelnetham". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Suffolk 'third best place in UK' to find archaeological treasures, survey shows". East Anglian Daily Times. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Metal detectorist guards £100k hoard of silver for two sleepless nights over 'nighthawk' fears". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
- ^ "Oulton burial site: Sutton Hoo-era Anglo-Saxon cemetery discovered". BBC News. 16 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ Fox, Alex. "This Anglo-Saxon Cemetery Is Filled With Corpses' Ghostly Silhouettes". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ "History of Suffolk county's architecture". Britain Magazine. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ Partner, Claire (13 January 2018). "Why is pink the traditional colour to paint houses in Suffolk?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Marco Pierre White repaints Angel Hotel Suffolk pink". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ Gaw, Matt. "Lavenham: Village not tickled pink by Marco Pierre White's paint choice". East Anglian Daily Times. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "The history behind Suffolk Pink houses". Fenn Wright. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "The origin of the Suffolk Pink apple variety". Real English Fruit. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Suffolk's forgotten beauty". Suffolk Magazine. 19 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ISBN 9781849532396.
- ^ "Plant & fungi species: Wild plants". Plantlife.org.uk. Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Area Profile Suffolk Observatory". suffolkobservatory.info. GeoWise. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ 'The British Almanac' – 1835
- ISBN 9781904006343.
- ^ Torlesse, Charles Martin (1877). Some Account of Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk. Harrison.
- ^ Briggs, Keith (2022). "Silly Suffolk". Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History. 45 (2): 295.
- ^ "The Suffolk Show". suffolkshow.co.uk. Suffolk Show 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ "[ARCHIVED CONTENT] UK Government Web Archive" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2007.
- ^ "Suffolk Free Press". Sudburytoday.co.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Letter to local authority DCS following focused school inspections" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ a b University Campus Suffolk Archived 26 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, University of Essex. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ University Campus Suffolk guide Archived 27 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Daily Telegraph, 21 June 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ "University Campus Suffolk gains independence". BBC News. 17 May 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "University Campus Suffolk gains approval to become the University of Suffolk". ucs.ac.uk. 4 July 2016. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ University Campus Suffolk Archived 7 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, University of East Anglia. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ "University of Suffolk". university.which.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
- ^ "Aldeburgh Festival History". aldeburgh.co.uk. Aldeburgh Music. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Festivals guide 2014 listings: folk and world music". The Guardian. 31 May 2014. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
- ^ "Instrumental at Folk East". folkeast.co.uk. FolkEast Ltd. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "LeeStock Music Festival". leestock.org. Leestock Musical Festival Ltd. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Why we should celebrate our county with Suffolk Day". East Anglian Daily Times. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ISBN 0-85115-026-8.
- ^ "Club honours". Ipswich Town F.C. Archived from the original on 13 December 2005. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
- ^ "Suffolk Tourism". suffolktouristguide.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
- ^ "Tattersalls". tattersalls.com. Tattersalls Ltd. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "National Horseracing Museum". National Horseracing Museum. Retrieved 21 October 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Courses". pointingea.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
- ^ "Ipswich Speedway Official Website". ipswichwitches.co. Ipswich Speedway. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Mildenhall Fen Tigers". mildenhallfentigers.co. Mildenhall Speedway. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Minor Counties Cricket Association". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 23 August 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008.
- ^ "Minor Counties Roll of Honour". ecb.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 September 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2008.
- ^ "Minor County Grounds". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008.
- ^ "The Rings of Saturn". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- ^ "Roald Dahl and the Mildenhall Treasure". British Museum. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Memories of Lovejoy, the man who put East Anglia on the map". Sudbury Mercury. February 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ "Space Cadets". ukgameshows.com. UK Game Shows. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Season 1, DVD extra 'Behind-the-Scenes'
- ^ "David Copperfield film shoot in Bury St Edmunds generated £82,500 for town's economy". Bury Free Press. 1 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- ^ "UFOFiles Rendlesham Forest". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Castle on the Hill: Ed Sheeran's love letter to Suffolk, Ed Sheeran co-host..., Scott Mills – BBC Radio 1". BBC. 6 January 2017. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ "Ed Sheeran". Contactmusic.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
- ^ "George Orwell's Southwold home gets fresh plaque". BBC News. 21 May 2018. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ Wilkin, Chris (26 April 2018). "Danny Boyle's new Beatles musical was being filmed in north Essex". Daily Gazette. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
- ^ "Full Freeview on the Tacolneston (Norfolk, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Full Freeview on the Sudbury (Suffolk, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Full Freeview on the Sandy Heath (Central Bedfordshire, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Biography". Gainsborough's House. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- The National Trust. Archived from the originalon 26 September 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Interviews: Benjamin Britten 1913 – 1976". BBC Four. Archived from the original on 28 January 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "George Crabbe | English poet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ Cousin, John W. "A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature". Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Ralph Fiennes | Biography & Credits". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "Brian Eno on British musician and producer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ Hirst, Andrew (1 May 2014). "Framlingham/Prague: Former Suffolk schoolgirl Christina Johnston described as an "angel" as she sings for European leaders". East Anglian Daily Times. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ^ Lusher, Adam (21 October 2006). "John Peel leaves his wife £1.5m, oh, and 25,000 records". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2008.
- ^ "Simon Of Sudbury: English archbishop". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey | English cardinal and statesman". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "John Lydgate: English writer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ Russell, Steve. "Women's Week: Millicent Fawcett – a Suffolk campaigner who helped change history for UK women". East Anglian Daily Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ Trust, HMS Beagle. "ROBERT FITZROY BORN IN SUFFOLK · The HMS BEAGLE PROJECT". hmsbeagleproject.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "Matthew Hopkins: English witch-hunter". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "Hugh Catchpole: An institution unto himself". Dawn. Pakistan. 20 September 2008. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ "Hugh Catchpole: Founder Principal". cch.edu.pk. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Havard, Lucy. "Women's Week: Suffolk's Elizabeth Garrett Anderson changed the course of women in medicine". East Anglian Daily Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "George Orwell's Southwold home gets fresh plaque". BBC Suffolk. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2020.