Sugar industry
The sugar industry subsumes the production,
, like in the U.S. or Europe).Sugar is used for
Several countries subsidize sugar.[1] Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand.[2] There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.
Market
Sugar subsidies have driven market costs for sugar well below the cost of production. As of 2019, 3/4 of world sugar production is never traded on the open market. Brazil controls half the global market, paying the most ($2.5 billion per year) in subsidies to its sugar industry.[3]
The US sugar system is complex, using
The
A 2004 Oxfam report called EU sugar subsidies "dumping" and said they harm the world's poor.[9] A WTO ruling against the EU quota and subsidy system in 2005-2006[10] forced the EU to cut its minimum price and quotas, and stop doing intervention buying.[7] The EU abolished some quotas in 2015,[11][12] but minimum prices remain.[11][13][14] Tariffs also persist for most countries.[14] In 2009, the EU granted Least Developed Countries (LDCs) zero-tariff access to the EU market[7] as part of the Everything but Arms initiative.[8]
As of 2018,
Global players
The top 10 sugar-producing companies based on production in 2010:[15]
Rank | Company | 2010/11 Output [Mt] | Country |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Südzucker AG | 4.2 | Germany |
2. | Cosan SA Industria & Comercio | 4.1 | Brazil |
3. | British Sugar Plc | 3.9 | UK |
4. | Tereos Internacional SA |
3.6 | France |
5. | Mitr Phol Sugar Corp. |
2.7 | Thailand |
6. | Nordzucker Gmbh & Co KG | 2.5 | Germany |
7. | Louis Dreyfus | 1.8 | Netherlands |
8. | Wilmar International Ltd. | 1.5 | Singapore |
9. | Thai Roong Ruang Sugar Group | 1.5 | Thailand |
10. | Turkiye Seker Fabrikalari |
1.34 | Turkey |
The global sugar industry has a low market share concentration. The top four sugar producers account for less than 20.0% of the market.[16]
Products
- Raw sugar
- Liquid sugar
- Refined sugar
- Molasses
- Sugar alcohol
- Brown sugar
- Powdered sugar
Lobbying and marketing
The sugar industry engages in sugar marketing and lobbying, minimizing the adverse health effects of sugar—obesity and tooth decay—and influencing medical research and public health recommendations.[17][18][19][20]
Organizations
- International Sugar Organization
- Sugar Association (USA)
- European Association of Sugar Manufacturers (EU)
- Sugar Nutrition UK
- Indian Sugar Mills Association
- Global Energy Balance Network
History of the sugar industry
See also
- Criticisms of the sugar industry
- Food industry
- All pages with titles containing sugar production
- Category:Sugar industry
References
- ^ "Resolution In US House Against Subsidies On Sugar By Countries Including India". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
- ^ "Sugar: World Markets and Trade" (PDF). Foreign Agricultural Service, US Department of Agriculture. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d Phillips, Judson (16 March 2018). "Sugar, steel subsidies are anything but sweet". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ a b c "Sugar and sweeteners: Policy". US Department of Agriculture. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ Romano, Robert (2017-01-17). "Yoho Zero for Zero sugar policy is a trade win-win for everyone | Congressman Ted Yoho". yoho.house.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-01-19. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ Edwards, Chris (2007-06-20). "Why Congress Should Repeal Sugar Subsidy | Cato Institute". Cato.org. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ a b c d "Business | Q&A: Sugar subsidies". BBC News. 2005-09-19. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ a b "Food, Farming, Fisheries | European Commission" (PDF). ec.europa.eu. October 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-25. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ a b "Dumping on the world - How EU sugar policies hurt poor countries" (PDF). oxfam.org. March 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ^ "Brazil Claims Victory After WTO Ruling on EU Sugar Subsidies". ictsd.org. 6 August 2004. Archived from the original on 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
- ^ a b "Sugar | European Commission". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- )
- ^ Viljoen, Willemien (8 May 2014). "The end of the EU sugar quota and the implication for African producers". tralac.org. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ a b Roberts, Dan (27 March 2017). "Sweet Brexit: what sugar tells us about Britain's future outside the EU". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ Chanjaroen, Chanyaporn (November 4, 2011). "Suedzucker Leads the Top 10 Sugar-Producing Companies". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ "Global Sugar Manufacturing: Market Research Report". IBISWorld. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
- ^ Sifferlin, Alexandra (10 October 2016). "Soda Companies Fund 96 Health Groups In the U.S." Time. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
- PMID 28464165.
- PMID 27802504. Retrieved 2018-03-21.(original url, paywalled: Author's conflict of interest disclosure forms)
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
Further reading
- Matthew Parker (2012). The sugar barons. Windmill Books. ISBN 978-0099558453.
- Mosen Asadi (2006). Beet-Sugar Handbook. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471763475.
- ISBN 978-0753541470.