Suicide by jumping from height
Jumping from a dangerous location, such as
Nonfatal attempts in these situations can have severe consequences including paralysis, organ damage, broken bones and lifelong pain.[3][4] People have survived falls from buildings as high as 47 floors (500-feet/152.4 metres).[5] Most think that jumping will lead to an instant death but for many death is not instant.[4]
Jumping is the most common method of suicide in
In the United States, jumping is among the least common methods of suicide (less than 2% of all reported suicides in 2005).[8] However, in a 75-year period to 2012, there had been around 1,400 suicides at the Golden Gate Bridge. In New Zealand, secure fencing at the Grafton Bridge substantially reduced the rate of suicides.[9]
Suicide method
Survivors of falls from hazardous heights are often left with major injuries and permanent disabilities from the
There is limited information surrounding the demographics of those who die by jumping. However, some studies find differences between those who jump from high-rise residential buildings and those who jump from a suicide bridge. There is some evidence to suggest that younger males are overrepresented in those who jump from bridges, while age is not a notable factor in suicides from high-rise residential buildings.[19] However, other studies have not found the same patterns.[20]
The highest documented suicide jump was by skydiver
Jumping out of a window
Autodefenestration (or self-
There is an
Prevalence
Jumping only makes up only 3% of suicides in the US and Europe, which is a much smaller percentage than is generally perceived by the public. Jumping is surprisingly infrequent because tall buildings are often condo or office buildings not accessible to the general public, and because open-air areas of high buildings (i.e., rooftop restaurants or pools) are often surrounded by high walls that are built precisely to prevent suicides.[citation needed] Jumping makes up 20% of suicides in New York City due to the prevalence of publicly accessible skyscrapers.[25]
In
Prevention strategies
Multiple intervention strategies have been applied for these types of suicides. Some of these strategies take physical forms, such as installing barriers to restrict access at
In addition to these measures, there has been a push to more closely monitor media coverage of suicide, especially suicides from well known sites, which typically involve suicide by jumping.
Terminology
In the United States, jumper is a term used by the police and media organizations for a person who plans to fall or jump (or already has fallen or jumped) from a potentially deadly height, sometimes with the intention to die by
The term was brought to prominence in the aftermath of the
See also
- The Bridge (2006), documentary film about jumpers on the Golden Gate Bridge
- The Falling Man, iconic photograph of one of the hundreds of casualties of the September 11 attack victims who fell or jumped from the burning World Trade Center[35]
- Lover's Leap, nickname for many scenic heights with the risk of a fatal fall and the possibility of a deliberate jump
- Suicide barrier, access-control fence erected at certain high places to deter jumpers
- Suicide bridge, particular bridges favored by jumpers
References
- ^ "2023 ICD-10-CM Codes X80*: Intentional self-harm by jumping from a high place". www.icd10data.com. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ ""Jumping" and Suicide Prevention". Centre for Suicide Prevention.
- ^ Koopman, John (November 2, 2005). "LETHAL BEAUTY / No easy death: Suicide by bridge is gruesome, and death is almost certain. The fourth in a seven-part series on the Golden Gate Bridge barrier debate". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
- ^ a b Bondi, OnScene (2024-01-26). "The other side of suicide". OnScene ACT. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
- ^ a b Parke, Caleb (April 22, 2019). "'Thank God for the miracle:' Man who survived 47-story fall from NYC skyscraper recounts story". Fox News.
- ^ "Method Used in Completed Suicide". HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong. 2006. Archived from the original on 10 September 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ "遭家人責罵:掛住上網媾女唔讀書 成績跌出三甲 中四生跳樓亡". Apple Daily. 9 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ a b "WISQARS Leading Causes of Death Reports". Archived from the original on 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- PMID 25939134.
- ^ "Attempted Suicide Horrors". Suicide.org!. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
- PMID 7288565.
- PMID 22027092.
- ^ Thompson, Paul (September 1, 2010). "Man survives after 400ft jump by landing on car". Telegraph.
- ^ "Teen Dies After Jumping From 7th Floor of Parking Structure at Americana, Landing on Father With Children: Glendale PD". KTLA. April 2, 2019.
- ^ "Man who survived woman falling on him from 11th story LA hotel room talks about ordeal". ABC7 Los Angeles. May 19, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
- ^ "S. Korea 'suicide' jumper kills man on landing". Thestar.com.my. November 6, 2017.
- ^ "Father killed after suicidal student lands on him". The Independent. June 4, 2016. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25.
- ^ "Family Stunned by Boy's Suicide Attempt That Killed Driver". NBC Washington.
- ^ "APA PsycNet" (PDF). psycnet.apa.org. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
- ISSN 0001-690X.
- ^ Allison, Rebecca (21 June 2002). "Suicide Verdict – Depressed pilot leapt to death". The Guardian.
- ^ "SAS Soldier dies in plane plunge". CNN World News. 10 January 2002. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013.
- ^ "After the 1929 stock market crash, did investors really jump out of windows?". straightdope.com. 30 August 2002. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-0807003404.
- ^ "NYC #1 in Suicidal Building Jumping". Gothamist. September 7, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
- ^ "Method Used in Completed Suicide". HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong. 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-09-10. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ 周志鴻; 譚健文 (9 August 2009). "遭家人責罵:掛住上網媾女唔讀書 成績跌出三甲 中四生跳樓亡". Apple Daily. Archived from the original on 15 March 2010. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ ISSN 0227-5910.
- ISSN 0004-8674.
- PMID 12646535.
- ^ "Recommendations". Reporting on Suicide. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
- ^ Kemp, Joe (March 20, 2011). "Miracle mom who survived horrific 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire was 'one in a million'". New York Daily News.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ Cauchon, Dennis and Martha Moore (September 2, 2002). "Desperation forced a horrific decision". USAToday. Archived from the original on September 1, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
- ^ Koopman, John; Writer, Chronicle Staff (November 2, 2005). "LETHAL BEAUTY / No easy death: Suicide by bridge is gruesome, and death is almost certain. The fourth in a seven-part series on the Golden Gate Bridge barrier debate". SFGate.