Suillus lakei

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Suillus lakei
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Suillaceae
Genus: Suillus
Species:
S. lakei
Binomial name
Suillus lakei
(
A.H.Sm. & Thiers
(1964)
Synonyms
  • Boletus lakei Murrill (1912)
  • Ixocomus lakei (Murrill) Singer (1940)
  • Boletinus lakei (Murrill) Singer (1945)
Suillus lakei
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Pores on hymenium
Cap is convex or flat
Hymenium is adnate or decurrent
mycorrhizal
Edibility is edible

Suillus lakei, commonly known as the matte Jack, Lake's bolete, or the western painted Suillus, is a species of

mycorrhizal fungus, S. lakei grows in association with Douglas fir, and is found where this tree occurs. It is native to northwestern North America, but has been introduced to Europe, South America, and New Zealand. The mushroom is edible
, but opinions vary considerably as to its quality.

Taxonomy and naming

American mycologist

synonymous with S. lakei.[8][9] The mushroom is commonly known as the "western painted Suillus",[10] the "matte Jack",[11] or "Lake's slippery cap".[12]

Description

The pore surface of a young specimen

The cap of S. lakei is up to 15 cm (5+7⁄8 in) in diameter and initially convex, but flattens out somewhat in maturity.[10] The cap is fleshy, dry, yellowish to reddish-brown but fades with age. It is covered with pressed-down hairs or minute tufted scales in the center, with the yellowish flesh visible between the scales. Heavy rain can wash the fibrils off the cap surface, leaving a sticky, glutinous layer behind. Older specimens may be nearly smooth in age. Remnants of the partial veil sometimes hang from the edge of the cap.[10] The cap margin is initially curved or rolled inwards, but unrolls as it grows and in maturity may be curled upward.[12]

Variety pseudopictus has red cap and prominent scales.

The tubes that comprise the pore surface on the underside of the cap are 5–12 mm (1⁄4–1⁄2 in) deep; the angular pores are up to 2.5 mm wide and radially arranged.[13] The pores range in color from yellow to brownish-yellow to ochre, and stain brownish or reddish-brown when bruised. They are covered by a partial veil in young specimens.[10] The flesh is thick, yellow, and either unchanged in color when bruised or broken, or turns pinkish-red. The stem is 6 to 12 cm (2+3⁄8 to 4+3⁄4 in) long and usually 1–3 cm (3⁄8–1+1⁄8 in) thick, yellow, sometimes with reddish streaks (particularly below the ring zone),[14] and solid and yellow within. The species usually lacks the glandular dots on the stem that are characteristic of some Suillus species. The stem is either equal in width throughout its length, or tapered downwards. The tissue of the stem base may weakly stain bluish-green when cut, although this reaction is not usually apparent in mature specimens.[13] The ring is delicate and floccose (resembling woolly tufts), and soon disappears or leaves a thin whitish ring on the stem. The spore print is cinnamon to brown in color.[15] The variety calabrus, found in Italy, has a light yellow cap and purple-red scales.[16] Variety pseudopictus has a cap that is redder and more scaly than the more common form.[13]

The

Clamp connections are rare in the hyphae.[4]

Edibility

Suillus lakei is edible,[17] although opinions vary considerably as to its quality. It has been called "choice",[18] as well as "rather coarse and tasteless"[19] or "mediocre".[20] Laboratory tests indicate that the fruit bodies have antimicrobial activity, and contain alkaloids and tannins.[21]

Similar species

Lookalike species include Suillus spraguei (left) and S. cavipes (right)

Mushrooms with an appearance similar to S. lakei can often be distinguished by their associations with trees. For example, the eastern North American species S. spraguei grows in association with

Eastern White Pine. The cap of S. spraguei has red fibrils on a yellow background. S. cavipes and S. ochraceoroseus always grow with Larch.[22] S. ponderosus, which grows in mixed coniferous forests, has a gelatinous veil.[12] Smith and Thiers note that it is difficult to tell the difference between the two if S. ponderosus has lost its veil, since the colors of the species intergrade and cannot reliably be used to distinguish them.[4] S. decipiens has a cap that is orangish to pink-orange with hairs or scales. S. caerulescens is a similar species in western North America; it can be distinguished by the strong blue staining that develops when the stem is injured.[22]

Habitat and distribution

Suillus lakei is

pure culture in the laboratory, S. lakei failed to form healthy ectomycorrhizas with Eucalyptus roots—the hyphae were covered in mucilage-like deposits and appeared to be collapsed.[23] It has also been noted to prefer poor, exposed soil such as that found on road banks and campgrounds.[10] It can often be found with the mushroom Gomphidius subroseus, another species that associates with Douglas fir.[19]

Both Douglas fir and Suillus lakei are non-native introduced species in Europe. The fungus has been found in several central and south European countries following the intentional introduction of Douglas fir.[24] These include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic,[25] Germany, Hungary,[26] Italy,[27] and Slovakia.[28] It is considered endangered in the Czech Republic. [citation needed] [29] Suillus lakei has also been reported in the South Island of New Zealand,[30] and South America (Argentina[31] and Chile).[32]

See also

References

  1. JSTOR 3753546
    .
  2. ^ Singer R. (1940). "Notes sur quelques Basidiomycètes" [Notes on some Basidiomycetes]. Revue de Mycologie (in French). 5: 3–13.
  3. ^ Singer R. (1945). "The Boletineae of Florida with notes on extralimital species. II. The Boletaceae (Gyroporoideae)". Farlowia. 2 (2nd ed.): 223–303.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-934454-26-1
    .
  5. JSTOR 3756810
    .
  6. ISBN 3-926470-08-9
    .
  7. ^ Pilát A, Svrcek M (1949). "Boletinus tridentinus (Bres.) subsp. landkammeri spec. nov. bohemica". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae (in Czech). 5B (7): 1–8.
  8. ^ "Suillus lakei var. landkammeri (Pilát & Svrcek) H. Engel & Klofac 1996". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
  9. ^ "Suillus lakei var. landkammeri (Pilát & Svrček) H. Engel & Klofac". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
  10. ^
    ISBN 0-89815-169-4
    .
  11. ISBN 0-89815-388-3
    .
  12. ^
    ISBN 0-395-91090-0
    .
  13. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8156-0588-1
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5
    .
  15. ^ Kuo M. (December 2008). "Suillus lakei". MushroomExpert.com. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
  16. ^ Lavorato C. (2000). "Suillus lakei var. calabrus var. nov". Micologia (in Italian): 285–8.
  17. ^ Wood M, Stevens F. "Suillus lakei". California Fungi. MykoWeb. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
  18. ISBN 0-472-85610-3
    .
  19. ^
    ISBN 978-1-56579-192-3
    .
  20. ISBN 978-0-472-03126-9
    .
  21. ^
    ISSN 1996-0875
    .
  22. ^
    ISBN 0-7627-3109-5
    .
  23. JSTOR 2432774
    .
  24. ^ "Suillus lakei". Boletales.com. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
  25. ISSN 0374-9436
    .
  26. ISSN 0521-4726
    .
  27. ^ Lavorato C. (1999). "Suillus nordamericani presenti in Calabria" [North American Suillus present in Calabria]. Pagine di Micologia (in Italian) (12): 31–49.
  28. ^ Assyov B, Stoichev G, Vassilev R (2006). "First records of fungus species for Bulgaria". Mycologia Balcanica (3): 127–30.
  29. doi:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2011.12.003
    .
  30. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(87)90004-6
    .
  31. S2CID 195074175
    .
  32. ISSN 0716-114X
    .
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