Sultan of Pahang
Sultan of Pahang | |
---|---|
سلطان ڤهڠ | |
State | |
Arms of His Royal Highness the Sultan of Pahang | |
Incumbent | |
Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah since 11 January 2019 | |
Details | |
Style | His Royal Highness |
Heir apparent | Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah |
First monarch | Muhammad Shah |
Formation | 1470 |
Residence | Istana Abu Bakar, Pekan |
Website | www |
Sultan of Pahang (سلطان ڤهڠ) is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Old Pahang Sultanate.
History
The
Over the years, Pahang grew independent from Melakan control and at one point even established itself as a rival state to Melaka
After a period of union with Johor, the autonomous
In 1853, the fourth Raja Bendahara
List of rulers
House of Melaka
Sultan of Pahang
- 1470–1475: Muhammad Shah
- 1475–1495: Ahmad Shah
- 1495–1512: Abdul Jamil Shahreign jointly with Mansur Shah I
- 1495–1519: Mansur Shah I reign jointly with Abdul Jamil Shah
- 1519–1530: Mahmud Shah
- 1530–1540: Muzaffar Shah
- 1540–1555: Zainal Abidin Shah
- 1555–1560: Mansur Shah II
- 1560–1575: Abdul Jamal Shah reign jointly with Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah
- 1560–1590: Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah reign jointly with Abdul Jamal Shah
- 1590–1592: Ahmad Shah II
- 1592–1614: Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah
- 1614–1615: Alauddin Riayat Shah
- 1615–1617: Abdul Jalil Shah IIIfirst time
- 1617–1623: Interregnum
Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga (Johor Empire)
From 1623, Pahang was nominally merged with Johor when Johor's Sultan
- 1623–1677: Abdul Jalil Shah III
- 1641–1676: Yamtuan Muda Raja Bajau – heir apparent to the Johor throne who ruled Pahang as separate dominion until his death in 1676.
- 1677–1685: Ibrahim Shah
- 1685–1699: Mahmud Shah II
House of Bendahara
Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga (Johor Empire)
When Mahmud Shah II died in 1699, Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil became Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga and assumed the title Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah IV. His appointment was accepted by Johor chiefs based on an understanding that the Bendahara would succeed to the throne if the Sultan died without heirs.
- 1699–1720: Abdul Jalil Shah IV(Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil)
- 1722–1760: Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah
- 1760–1761: Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah
- 1761–1761: Ahmad Riayat Shah
- 1761–1770: Mahmud Shah III
Raja Bendahara of Pahang
By the early 19th century, the Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga empire had begun to break up. After 1806, the empire's constituent parts effectively became principalities, and the cultural unity that had hitherto existed between the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Riau-Lingga was gradually destroyed. The signing of
From here, the Raja Bendahara of Pahang grew increasingly independent. While Bendahara Tun Ali had acknowledged Abdul Rahman as his overlord, the Anglo-Dutch Treaty confined the Sultan to Riau-Lingga, where he was deemed a vassal of the Dutch, and prevented him from exercising his control over the Malay Peninsula, which had come under the British. Bendahara Tun Ali declared his autonomy from the empire by 1853. He was able to maintain peace and stability during his reign, but his death in 1858 precipitated civil war among his sons, Tun Mutahir and Tun Ahmad, the result of which the formation of modern Pahang Sultanate.
- 1770–1802: Tun Abdul Majid
- 1802–1803: Tun Muhammad
- 1803–1806: Tun Koris
- 1806–1858: Tun Ali
- 1858–1863: Tun Mutahir
- 1863–1881: Tun Ahmad later proclaimed as Sultan[17]
Sultan of Modern Pahang
- 1881–1914: Ahmad al-Mu’azzam Shah
- 1914–1917: Mahmud Shah
- 1917–1932: Abdullah al-Mu’tassim Billah Shah
- 1932–1974: Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin al-Mu’azzam Shah
- 1974–2019: King of Malaysia on 6 January 2019, allowing his son to become Sultan of Pahang and thus King of Malaysia.[18]
- 2019–present: Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah.[19] Sultan Abdullah became King of Malaysia on 31 January 2019, shortly after he replaced his father as Sultan of Pahang on 11 January.[18]
Family tree
See also
References
- ^ Guy 2014, p. 29
- ^ Linehan 1973, p. 7
- ^ Rajani 1987, p. 87
- ^ Rajani 1987, p. 65
- ^ Farish A Noor 2011, p. 17
- ^ Farish A Noor 2011, p. 18
- ^ Linehan 1973, pp. 9–10
- ^ Khoo 1980, p. 9
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 80
- ^ Linehan 1973, p. 31
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 79
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 81
- ^ a b c Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 83
- ^ Linehan 1973, p. 52
- ^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 82
- ^ Linehan 1973, p. 66
- ^ History of the Sultanate of Pahang Archived 15 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, National Archives, mdpekan.gov.my
- ^ a b "Malaysia crowns Sultan Abdullah as 16th King". The Straits Times. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
- ^ "Sultan Abdullah proclaimed Pahang sultan". Malaysiakini. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
Bibliography
- Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid (2011), The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, vol. 16 – The Rulers of Malaysia, Editions Didier Millet, ISBN 978-981-3018-54-9
- Farish A Noor (2011), From Inderapura to Darul Makmur, A Deconstructive History of Pahang, Silverfish Books, ISBN 978-983-3221-30-1
- Guy, John (2014), Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia, Metropolitan Museum of Art, ISBN 978-0300-204-37-7
- Khoo, Gilbert (1980), "From Pre-Malaccan period to present day", New Straits Times
- Linehan, William (1973), History of Pahang, Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Kuala Lumpur, ISBN 978-0710-101-37-2
- Rajani, Chand Chirayu (1987), Towards a history of Laem Thong and Sri Vijaya (Asian studies monographs), Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, ISBN 978-9745-675-01-8