Sumur (Levant)

Coordinates: 34°42′29″N 35°59′10″E / 34.7081°N 35.9861°E / 34.7081; 35.9861
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Sumur
The location of Zimyra/Sumur (in the north)
Sumur (Levant) is located in Syria
Sumur (Levant)
Shown within Syria
Alternative nameSumura, Zemar, etc.
LocationSyria
RegionTartus Governorate
Coordinates!34°42′29″N 35°59′10″E / 34.7081°N 35.9861°E / 34.7081; 35.9861
An ancient Phoenician coin of Simyra

Sumur (Biblical Hebrew: צְמָרִי‎ [collective noun denoting the city inhabitants]; Egyptian: Smr; Akkadian: Sumuru; Assyrian: Simirra) was a Phoenician city in what is now Syria. It was a major trade center. The city has also been referred to in English publications as Simyra,[1] Ṣimirra, Ṣumra,[2] Sumura,[3] Ṣimura,[4] Zemar,[5] and Zimyra.[6]

Sumur (or "Sumura") appears in the

Rib-Addi, king of Byblos, but was conquered by Abdi-Ashirta's expanding kingdom of Amurru. Pro-Egyptian factions may have seized the city again, but Abdi-Ashirta's son, Aziru, recaptured Sumur. Sumur became the capital of Amurru.[7]

It is likely, although not completely certain, that the "Sumur" of the Amarna letters is the same city later known as "Simirra."[8] Simirra was claimed as part of the Assyrian empire by Tiglath-Pileser III in 738 BCE, but rebelled against Assyria in 721 at the beginning of the reign of Sargon II.[9]

It has been linked by Maurice Dunand and N. Salisby to the archaeological site of Tell Kazel in 1957.[10]

References

  1. ^ Archibald Henry Sayce (1903). The Hittites: the story of a forgotten empire. The Religious Tract Society. p. 164.
  2. ISBN 978-1-57506-095-8
    .
  3. ISBN 978-1-57506-035-4
    .
  4. ISBN 978-1-85075-310-0
    .
  5. ISBN 978-1-4655-5042-2
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-521-08230-3
    .
  7. ^ Trevor Bryce. The Kingdom of the Hittites. p. 182.
  8. ISBN 978-1-134-15907-9
    .
  9. ISBN 978-1-134-15907-9
    .
  10. ^ Badre, Leila., Tell Kazel-Simyra: A Contribution to a Relative Chronological History in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2006.
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