Sunjo of Joseon

Posthumous name
Joseon: King Munan Mujeong Yeonggyeong Seonghyo the Great 문안무정영경성효대왕 文安武靖英敬成孝大王 Korean Empire: Emperor Munan Mujeong Yeonggyeong Seonghyo Suk 문안무정영경성효숙황제 文安武靖英敬成孝肅皇帝
Royal Noble Consort Su
Religion	Korean Confucianism (Neo-Confucianism)
Signature

Birth name
Korean name
Hangul	순종, later 순조
Hanja	純宗, later 純祖
Revised Romanization	Sunjong, later Sunjo
McCune–Reischauer	Sunjong, later Sunjo
Hangul	이공
Hanja	李玜
Revised Romanization	I Gong
McCune–Reischauer	Yi Kong

Taejo	1392–1398
Jeongjong	1398–1400
Taejong	1400–1418
Sejong	1418–1450
Munjong	1450–1452
Danjong	1452–1455
Sejo	1455–1468
Yejong	1468–1469
Seongjong	1469–1494
Yeonsangun	1494–1506
Jungjong	1506–1544
Injong	1544–1545
Myeongjong	1545–1567
Seonjo	1567–1608
Gwanghaegun	1608–1623
Injo	1623–1649
Hyojong	1649–1659
Hyeonjong	1659–1674
Sukjong	1674–1720
Gyeongjong	1720–1724
Yeongjo	1724–1776
Jeongjo	1776–1800
Sunjo	1800–1834
Heonjong	1834–1849
Cheoljong	1849–1864
Gojong	1864–1897

Sunjo (

Royal Noble Consort Su

of the Bannam Park clan.

Biography

He was born with the title of

His Royal Highness Prince Yi Gong on 29 July 1790 (18 June 1790 in lunar calendar). Upon the death of his father, King Jeongjo

, Yi Gong ascended to the throne at age 10 on 4 July 1800, lunar calendar.

In 1802, aged 13, King Sunjo married Lady Kim, known posthumously as Queen Sunwon, daughter of Kim Jo-sun, who was a leader of the Andong Kim clan.

Since he ascended the throne at a young age,

Hong Gyeong-nae in 1811–1812.^[3] The Ogajaktongbeop (五家作統法), a census registration system to group five houses as one unit, was carried out in this period, and oppression against Roman Catholicism began in earnest.^[4]

In 1811 the last diplomatic envoys were sent by Korea to Japan. Based on records of that trip, a reconstruction of the diplomatic vessel has been made for the National Maritime Museum of Korea.

King Sunjo died after reigning for 35 years in 1834 at the age of 44. He was first buried next to

Jangneung, Paju, the tomb of King Injo and Queen Inryeol but later moved to Illeung, Seoul as the Feng Shui at the old site was deemed to be unfavourable.^[5]

Family

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Father: King Jeongjo of Joseon (조선의 정조; 28 October 1752 – 18 August 1800)
- Grandfather: King Jangjo of Joseon (조선의 장조; 13 February 1735 – 12 July 1762)
- Grandmother: Queen Heongyeong of the Pungsan Hong clan (헌경왕후 홍씨; 6 August 1735 – 13 January 1816)
Mother: Royal Noble Consort Su of the Bannam Park clan (수빈 박씨; 8 May 1770 – 26 December 1822)
- Grandfather: Park Jun-won (박준원; 1739–1807)
- Grandmother: Lady Won of the Wonju Won clan (원주 원씨; 1740–1783)

Consorts and their respective issue:

Queen Sunwon of the Andong Kim clan (순원 왕후 안동 김씨; 8 August 1789 – 21 September 1857)
1. Yi Yeong, Crown Prince Hyomyeong (이영 효명세자; 18 September 1809 – 25 June 1830), first son
2. Princess Myeongon (명온공주; 1810–1832), first daughter
3. Princess Bokon (복온공주; 1818–1832), third daughter
4. Second son (1820–1820)
5. Princess Deokon (덕온공주; 1822–1844), fourth daughter
6. Yi Byeon, King Cheoljong of Joseon (조선의 철종 이변; 25 July 1831 – 16 January 1864), adopted son^[a]
Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Miryang Park clan (숙의 박씨; 1791 – 1854)
1. Princess Yeongon (영온옹주; 1817–1829), second daughter

Ancestry

Ancestors of Sunjo of Joseon

16.

Crown Prince Sado

18. Lee Yoo-beon

9. Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Lee Clan

19. Lady Kim

2. King Jeongjo

20. Hong Hyeon-bo

10. Minister Hong Bong-han

Lady Im of the Pungcheon Im clan

5. Lady Hyegyeong of the Namyang Hong clan

22. Yi Jib

11. Lady Yi of the Hansan Yi clan

23. Lady Yu of the Gigye Yu clan

1. Yi Gong, King Sunjo

6. Park Jun-won

3. Royal Noble Consort Su of the Bannam Park clan

7. Lady Won of the Wonju Won clan

In popular culture

Portrayed by Kim Seung-soo in the 2016 KBS2 TV series Love in the Moonlight.

Notes

^ Biological son of Grand Internal Prince Jeongye and Grand Internal Princess Consort Yongseong.

References

^ Bestowed in 1834 and 1857, respectively.
^ Lim, Hye Ryun (September 2015). "The changes of Hyegyonggung`s status at the time of King Yeongjo`s reign to King Sunjo`s one". 조선시대사학회. 74.
^ Seok Hwa, Kang (2022). "A Study on the Progress for the Jungju Castle Battle occurred in 1812 and the Comparison of the Capabilities of the Government Forces with the Rebel Armies". Korea Journal Central. 124. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
^ "Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream". Cultural Heritage Administration. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
^ "Heonilleung Royal Tomb Seoul, Korea". Exploring Korea. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.

Regnal titles
Sunjo of Joseon House of Yi Born: 1790 Died: 1834
Preceded by Jeongjo	King of Joseon 1800–1834 with Queen Jeongsun (1800–1805)	Succeeded by Heonjong

House of Yi

List of Monarchs
- Kings of Joseon
- Emperor of Korea
- King Yi
Genealogy
Jeonju Yi clan
Royal Family Association

Kingdom of Joseon and Korean Empire (1392–1910)

Posthumous^{[note 1]}

Mokjo
(1392)
Ikjo
(1392)
Dojo (1392)
Hwanjo
(1392)
Deokjong (1475)
Wonjong (1634)
Jinjong (1776)
Jangjo (1899)
Munjo (1834)

King of Joseon
(1392–1897)

Taejo (1392–1398)
Jeongjong (1398–1400)
Taejong (1400–1418)
Sejong (1418–1450)
Munjong (1450–1452)
Danjong (1452–1455)
Sejo (1455–1468)
Yejong (1468–1469)
Seongjong (1469–1494)
Yeonsan^# (1494–1506)
Jungjong (1506–1544)
Injong (1544–1545)
Myeongjong (1545–1569)
Seonjo (1569–1608)
Gwanghae^# (1608–1623)
Injo (1623–1649)
Hyojong (1649–1659)
Hyeonjong (1659–1674)
Sukjong (1674–1720)
Gyeongjong (1720–1724)
Yeongjo (1724–1776)
Jeongjo (1776–1800)
Sunjo (1800–1834)
Heonjong (1834–1849)
Cheoljong (1849–1864)
Gojong (1864–1897)

Emperor of Korea
(1897–1910)

Gojong (1897–1907)
Sunjong (1907–1910)

Crown Prince^{[note 2]}

Yi Bang-seok (1392–1398)
Grand Prince Yangnyeong (1404–1418)
Uigyeong (1455–1457)
Yi Hwang (1502–1506)
Sunhoe (1557–1563)
Yi Ji (1608–1623)
Sohyeon (1625–1645)
Hyojang (1725–1728)
Sado (1736–1762)
Uiso (1751–1752)
Munhyo (1784–1786)
Hyomyeong (1812–1830)
Uimin (1907–1910)

Daewongun^{[note 3]}

Deokheung (1569)
Jeongye (1849)
Heungseon (1864)

Rival king

Heungan (1624)

Korea under Japanese rule (1910–1945)

King Yi^{[note 4]}
(1910–1947)

King Emeritus (Deoksugung)	Yi Hui (1910–1919)
King (Changdeokgung)	Yi Cheok (1910–1926) Yi Un (1926–1947)
Crown Prince	Yi Un (1910) Yi Ku (1931)

Post-World War II (1945–present)

Director of the
Royal Family Association
(1957–)

In office	Yi Un (1966) Yi Ku (1973) Yi Won (2007)
Posthumous recognition	Yi Kang

Pretenders

Yi Seok (2005–present)
Yi Hae-won (2006–2020)

^# denotes that the king was deposed and never received a temple name.

^ Those who were listed were not reigning monarchs but posthumously recognized; the year following means the year of recognition.
^ Only the crown princes that didn't become the king were listed; the former year indicates when one officially became the heir and the latter one is that when one died/deposed. Those who ascended to the throne were excluded in the list for simplification.
^ The title given to the biological father, who never reigned, of the kings who were adopted as the heir to a precedent king.
^ The de jure monarch of Korea during the era was the Emperor of Japan, while the former Korean emperors were given nobility title "King Yi" instead.

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