Superhero film
This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. (November 2021) |
A superhero film is a film that focuses on
Many superhero films are based on
The highest-grossing superhero film franchises (according to the box office income) since 1967 are
History
1939–1978: Early years
Almost immediately after superheroes rose in popularity because of comic books, they were adapted into film serials, the earliest of which include Mandrake the Magician (1939), The Shadow (1940), Adventures of Captain Marvel (1941), Batman (1943), The Phantom (1943), Captain America (1944), and Superman (1948).
In the years 1941 to 1943, Max Fleischer Studios produced a series of animated short subjects based on the Superman comic.
In the following decades, the decline of Saturday matinee showings of serials and
In 1957,
The kaiju monster Godzilla, originally a villain, began being portrayed as a superhero in the Godzilla films.[8] He has been described as "the original radioactive superhero" due to his nuclear origin story predating Spider-Man (1962 debut),[8] although Godzilla did not become a hero until Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster (1964).[9] By the 1970s, Godzilla came to be viewed as a superhero, with the magazine King of the Monsters in 1977 describing Godzilla as "Superhero of the '70s." Godzilla was "the most universally popular superhero of 1977" according to Donald F. Glut.[10]
The year 1966 saw the debut of the
The popularity of television superheroes in Japan led to the start of the Kamen Rider and Super Sentai franchises by famous manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori in 1971 and 1975, respectively. Just like with Ultraman, many early Kamen Rider and Super Sentai episodes were released as films. Original Kamen Rider films released before 1978 include Kamen Rider vs. Shocker, Kamen Rider vs. Ambassador Hell, Kamen Rider V3 vs. Destron Mutants, and Five Riders vs. King Dark.
Original superhero characters emerged in other, more
1978–1998: Rising popularity with Superman, Kamen Rider, Batman, and Ultraman Zearth
This article may contain embedded lists. by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article. (August 2022) |
Riding a wave of a new interest in fantasy and science fiction films with the success of
Other superhero films released during the 1980s include Denshi Sentai Denziman: The Movie (1980),
A landmark superhero film was Tim Burton's Batman (1989) and its direct follow-up, Batman Returns (1992),[14] the success of these spawned the DC Animated Universe.
Superhero movies from the 1990s include
Alex Proyas' The Crow (1994) became the first independent comic superhero film that established a franchise.[15] It brought in a new realm of violence absent in previous popular superhero films targeted at younger audiences and bridged a gap to the more modern action film.[19] The success of The Crow catalyzed the release of a film version of Spawn (1997), Image Comics' leading character. After Marvel bought Malibu Comics (the company that owned The Men in Black comic series), Marvel and Columbia Pictures released the Men in Black film in 1997.[20] The film became the first Marvel property to win an Oscar and the then-highest-grossing comic book adaptation.[21] While a box office success, Joel Schumacher's Batman & Robin (1997) was critically panned for its campiness[22] and it has strayed too far from the darker style of the series' first two Tim Burton films.[23] As a result, it has sometimes been credited with nearly killing the superhero movie subgenre.[24][25]
Starting with the 1990s, original Ultraman films started being a regular thing. In 1996 Tsuburaya released Ultraman Zearth, which parodied the original TV series and later installments.[26] The following year, the sequel titled Ultraman Zearth 2: Superhuman Big Battle - Light and Shadow premiered.
1998–2008: Further rise with Blade I/II, X-Men, Raimi's Spider-Man, Daredevil, and The Dark Knight Trilogy
In 1998, Marvel released
John Kenneth Muir in The Encyclopedia of Superheroes on Film and Television called the film a "revolutionary" reimagination of movie visuals, paving the way for the visuals of later superhero films, and credits it with helping to "make comic-book superheroes hip" and its
would then follow to close out the decade for the sub-genre.After the success of
After the comic book boom and the success of several comic book adaptation films (including superhero films) in the 1990s,
Some series from the current and previous decades were re-released, such as
2008–present: Ubiquity with the MCU and DCEU, expansion to streaming services
2008—2014
In 2008, Iron Man was released, setting the stage for the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The likes of 2009's Watchmen and X-Men Origins: Wolverine would then close out the decade. The 2010s generally continued the box-office success of superhero films seen in the 2000s,[44] and it took the sub-genres success and ubiquity to new heights.[45] In 2010, Matthew Vaughn's adaptation of Kick-Ass was released, followed by Iron Man 2 a month later. 2011 releases included The Green Hornet (2011),[46] Green Lantern (2011), and X-Men: First Class (2011). Following references to the "Avengers Initiative" in the Iron Man films and The Incredible Hulk, Marvel released Thor on May 6, 2011,[47] followed by Captain America: The First Avenger on July 22, 2011.
Although the film
A Superman Returns sequel was planned for 2009 but was delayed and later scrapped in favor of the reboot, Man of Steel (2013).[51]
At the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con, Marvel confirmed that an Ant-Man film was in development, as well as a film based on 2008 comic series Guardians of the Galaxy, which was released in August 2014. Iron Man 3 was released in May 2013, Thor: The Dark World in November 2013, and Captain America: The Winter Soldier in April 2014. The Amazing Spider-Man 2, the sequel to the 2012 reboot was also released in May 2014, which became the lowest-grossing and poorly received rated film in the Spider-Man film series. In 2013, a sequel to the 2009 film X-Men Origins: Wolverine, titled The Wolverine was released. In 2014, X-Men: Days of Future Past released to critical acclaim and financial success; the film became the highest-grossing film in the X-Men series, and effectively rebooted the franchise.
In 2014, Italian filmmaker Gabriele Salvatores directed a superhero-fantasy film titled Il Ragazzo invisible, or The Invisible Boy, which won the Young Audience Award at the 2015 European Film Awards.
2015—2018
An Avengers sequel, titled
On March 9, 2015, publishing house
In 2015, Italian filmmaker Gabrielle Mainetti directed a superhero film, titled They Call Me Jeeg starring Claudio Santamaria.[55] Its original title is Lo chiamavano Jeeg Robot, from the Italian name of the anime and manga series Steel Jeeg. It was released in Italy on February 25, 2016.[56]
In 2016, the eighth installment in the X-Men series Deadpool was released in February, which went on to become the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation, and the highest-grossing film of the series. The ninth installment, X-Men: Apocalypse, was also released. Warner Bros. released Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in March, which is the first film to feature both Batman and Superman, also released. This film performed moderately well at the box office but received poor reviews. Suicide Squad in August, which features a team of anti-hero/supervillains, both of which take place in the DC Extended Universe. Marvel Studios, meanwhile, in May released Captain America: Civil War, in which the Avengers splits into two opposing factions, and Doctor Strange, which recounts the superhero origin of Stephen Strange, in November, both of which take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In October, based on the eponymous toy line by Mattel, Max Steel was released.[57]
January 2017 saw the release of M. Night Shyamalan's
In 2018,
This MCU project was soon followed up by
The anti-hero film Venom based on the comic book character was released on October 5, 2018, to poor reviews, but great box-office success. In December 2018 Warner Bros. released Aquaman, a film about the DC Comics superhero of the same name, which became the DCEU's most successful film in the box office as it grossed $1.148 billion worldwide.
2019—present
2019 began with M. Night Shyamalan's
By contrast, the June X-Men film Dark Phoenix performed poorly critically and financially upon release.[70] In addition, it was observed that there was noticeable fan indifference for a concluding film series of a property that would be put in the complete control of Marvel Studios producer, Kevin Feige, along with the Fantastic Four, for integration into the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise in due time considering Disney's acquisition of 20th Century Fox.[71] In July 2019, Phase 3 of the Marvel Cinematic Universe was concluded with the Sony film, Spider-Man: Far From Home which was released to critical and commercial success.
In August 2019, Joko Anwar's Gundala was released in Indonesia.[72] It was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival later in September and is set to be the first entry in the Bumilangit Cinematic Universe (BCU) film series based on characters of comic books published by Bumilangit.[73] The second and third films in the series, Sri Asih and Patriot Taruna: Virgo and the Sparklings, were announced for a 2020 release but were pushed back to 2021 as production was significantly delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic.[74] The production company's strategy of announcing films in volumes with a team-up film as the climax has led to the media dubbing it the "Indonesian equivalent to the MCU and DCEU".[75]
Spider-Man: No Way Home released on December 17, 2021, and became the highest-grossing film of 2021,[82] the sixth highest-grossing film of all time,[83] the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada,[84] the highest grossing Spider-Man film, and the highest-grossing film produced by Sony.[85] It also became the first film to gross over $1 billion since Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[86] as well as the highest-grossing film not to be released in China (one of the world's biggest box office markets).[87]
In 2022, Warner Bros released The Batman, a reboot for the Batman film series, and unconnected to the DC Extended Universe. It was a critical and commercial hit, with particular praise for the film being a 'grounded detective story,[88]' Matt Reeves direction and Robert Pattinson's performance as the titular hero.[89] It went on to become the second biggest pandemic debut, after Spider-Man: No Way Home.[90] Morbius, starring Jared Leto and based on the Spider-Man villain of the same name debuted that April as another chapter in Sony's Spider-Man Universe. The film was critically panned and a box-office bomb.[91] Variety reported that whilst the initial opening was hopeful for Morbius, "The character is not nearly as recognizable to general audiences as Spider-Man, Batman or Venom, nor is the film clearly connected to a larger story like "Eternals" or "Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings." Thus, "Morbius" wasn't expected to match the receipts for recent comic book tentpoles based on those characters."[92] Scott Mendelson further stated that Sony seemed to rely on the film's 'connection to the Spider-Man universe, the success of Venom and a misguided assumption that audiences were interested in villain movies.[93]
In May, Sam Raimi returned to the superhero genre with Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness. The film was met with mixed-to-positive reviews and earned $187 million on its opening weekend, becoming the eleventh-best domestic debut of all time, the best summer debut for a Disney release during the pandemic, and Raimi's best opening.[94] In its second weekend, the film earned $61 million, becoming one of the MCU's biggest second-weekend box office drops. The 67% decline was attributed by Deadline Hollywood to the "bad word of mouth" on the film and its CinemaScore grade, while Intelligence saw more than 17% downsize of available seats for the film, resulting in a lessen showtimes which also led to the decline.[95] In its third weekend, the film earned $31.6 million, contributing to the 800-million-dollar mark at the box office to become Hollywood's second-highest-grossing film released during the pandemic behind No Way Home.[96] The film earned $16.4 million in its fourth weekend, contributing to the total box office that helped it to become the highest-grossing film of 2022 previously held by The Batman.[97] As of June 2022, the film stands as the 11th highest-grossing of the MCU worldwide.[98]
2023 saw the rise of the term "superhero fatigue", where 6 of 8 the superhero movies released of that year,
Economic importance
As of 2023,[update] superhero films are so important for the entertainment industry that they are, The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "one of the last ways for an actor to earn a major payday". It quoted a Hollywood executive as stating, "If you want to get paid, you have to put on a cape" because, the magazine said, "With rare exception, even A+ stars aren't making what they used to"; characters like Spider-Man and Batman are more important than the actors themselves, it said.[100]
Animated
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2021) |
Outside of live-action, animated superhero films have also achieved critical and financial success.[101][102] Nearly all animated superhero films are direct-to-video though there are a countless number of these films creating different events in them from their live-action counterparts. Batman: Mask of the Phantasm was released theatrically and was a critical success (though a box-office failure). In 1968, VIP my Brother Superman was released, directed by Italian animator Bruno Bozzetto; it is a parody of superheroes[103] and enjoyed great success.[104] In 2004, Pixar released The Incredibles, about a retired superhero couple and their children, which did extremely well both critically and financially and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. In 2010 DreamWorks Animation released Megamind to middling success.[105] In 2014, Walt Disney Animation Studios released an adaptation of the Marvel Comics superhero team Big Hero 6. The same year, Warner Bros. released The Lego Movie, which had Batman and other DC Comics superheroes in major and supporting roles. A significant box-office success, it was followed in 2017 by The Lego Batman Movie, as well as DreamWorks Animation's Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie.
In 2018, three theatrical animated superhero films were released to considerable critical and commercial success: Pixar's
Criticism
As superhero film production increased during the latter end of the 2010s, the genre's contribution to cinema was questioned.
Criticism of Marvel Studios' films continued with Jennifer Aniston stating that Marvel movies are "diminishing" and believed that there should be a "resurgence" of "the era of Meg Ryan." "Let's get the Terms of Endearment back out there. You know, Heaven Can Wait, Young Frankenstein, Blazing Saddles, Goodbye Girl."[108] Denis Villeneuve dismissed "too many Marvel films" being "a cut and paste of others"[109] and Roland Emmerich stating that large blockbuster films such as the MCU and Star Wars films were "ruining our industry a little" since "nobody does anything original anymore".[110] However, in March 2022, Nicolas Cage stated that "Marvel has done a really excellent job of entertaining the whole family. They put a lot of thought into it. I mean, it's definitely had a big progression from when I was doing the first two 'Ghost Rider' movies. Kevin Feige, or whoever is behind that machine, has found a masterful way of weaving the stories together and interconnecting all the characters. What could be wrong with wholesome entertainment that is appealing to the parents and the children, and gives people something to look forward to?" Cage asked. "I just, I don't see what the issue is."[111]
Some media commentators have attributed the increased popularity of superhero franchises in the new millennium to the social and political climate in Western society since the September 11 attacks,[112] although others have argued advances in special effects technology have played a more significant role.[113] Others have postulated that its box office dominance is in part due to its flexibility, a shared trait from its original publishing origins. Namely, the editorial realities of comic book publishing, which can have series running for decades, encouraged writers to resort to a variety of story situations so diverse from the fantastic to the relatively realistic, for so long and so often that it has become an expected element of the genre to have such adaptability.[114] For example, with the common element being that they all feature heroes with extraordinary abilities and typically in a distinctive costume, many successful superhero films have used a plethora of genres such as horror (Blade), thriller (Unbreakable), period drama (Captain America: The First Avenger), space opera (Guardians of the Galaxy), family film (The Incredibles), teen film (Spider-Man: Homecoming), heist film (Ant-Man), fantasy (Doctor Strange), neo-noir (The Dark Knight), political thriller (Captain America: The Winter Soldier), and Western (Logan).[115]
However, there is additional questioning as to how broad or vague the superhero genre is – and whether it could be legitimately classified as a film genre at all – when the basic definition is that of a benevolent hero or antihero with superhuman abilities, in which case many other films not traditionally associated as superhero plots would fall under the description.[116]
Writer
"I will always love and adore the comics medium, but the comics industry and all of the stuff attached to it just became unbearable...Hundreds of thousands of adults [are] lining up to see characters and situations that had been created to entertain the 12-year-old boys – and it was always boys – of 50 years ago. I didn't think that superheroes were adult fare. I think that this was a misunderstanding born of what happened in the 1980s – to which I must put my hand up to a considerable share of the blame, though it was not intentional – when things like Watchmen were first appearing. There were an awful lot of headlines saying, 'Comics Have Grown Up'. I tend to think that, no, comics hadn't grown up. There were a few titles that were more adult than people were used to. But the majority of comics titles were pretty much the same as they'd ever been. It wasn't comics growing up. I think it was more comics meeting the emotional age of the audience coming the other way."[117][118]
During a September 2023 interview with
By the 2020s, the term superhero fatigue had emerged to describe audiences' increasing exhaustion of overly homogeneous superhero films, as evidenced by diminishing box-office returns and poor critical reception. In particular, the Marvel Cinematic Universe has been criticized for oversaturating the market with its expansion to streaming beginning with Phase Four, prompting Marvel Studios to begin rethinking its annual output.[120][121][122]
Parody
- Andrzej Kondratiuk's 1970 film Hydrozagadka is a parody of the American ideals glorified in superhero films.
- Kinka Usher's 1999 film Mystery Men features a group of inept amateur superheroes.
- Another comedic play on superheroes is The Specials, a 2000 film in which the title team is more concerned with their public image than actually being superheroes.
- Brodie Bruce (played by Jason Lee) describes the process: "After X-Men hit at the box office, the movie companies started buying out every comic property they could get their dirty little hands-on".
- Mark Hamill's 2004 parody film Comic Book: The Movie, was about a comic book fan and a film adaptation of his favorite character, and was released direct-to-video and achieved mild success,[citation needed] garnering a cult following among comic book readers.
- Craig Mazin directed the more direct parody Superhero Movie, released in 2008.
- 2008's Hancock saw a subversion of the genre by having the title character become a reluctant superhero. The movie grossed more than $629 million at the box office.
- Alejandro González Iñárritu's Oscar-winning 2014 film Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) satirizes Hollywood's reliance on superhero and blockbuster films. In the film, Michael Keaton portrays Riggan Thomson, a washed-up Hollywood actor famous for playing the superhero Birdman in blockbuster movies decades earlier. He is tormented by the voice of Birdman, which mocks and criticizes him, and he sees himself performing feats of levitation and telekinesis.
- The 2016 movie Deadpool and its 2018 sequel Deadpool 2 were box-office juggernauts, making $782.6 million and $785.8 million respectively.
- Philippe Lacheau's 2021 French movie Super-héros malgré lui follows an actor who landed the role of a superhero named "Badman", but suffers an accident that caused him amnesia, and so he starts believing to be an actual superhero. The movie references DC and Marvel while making fun of the superhero film genre.
Box-office reception
See also
- List of American superhero films
- List of films based on comics
- List of films based on Dark Horse Comics
- List of films based on DC Comics
- List of films based on Image Comics
- List of films based on Marvel Comics
- Superhero fiction
References
- ^ Clark, Travis. "All 28 Marvel Cinematic Universe movies, ranked by how much money they made at the global box office". Business Insider. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
- ^ "All Time Worldwide Box Office for Super Hero Movies". The Numbers. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
- ^ "The 84 Best Superhero Movies of All Time, Ranked by Tomatometer". Retrieved September 19, 2022.
- ^ The Staff of Scarecrow, 2004, pg. 536
- ISBN 0-7656-0560-0
- ^ Galbraith, Stuart (1994). Japanese Fantasy, Science Fiction and Horror Films. McFarland and Co., Inc.
- ^ Zack Davisson. "The First Superhero – The Golden Bat?". Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
- ^ Huffington Post. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- Syfy Wire. NBCUniversal. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-7864-6246-9.
- ISSN 1880-0556.
- Allmovie. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
- Allmovie. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
- ^ Lichtenfeld, 2007, pg. 286
- ^ a b c Lichtenfeld, 2007, pg. 287
- Allmovie. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Allmovie. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Ito, Robert (March 2005). "Fantastic Faux!". Los Angeles. p. 108. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Lichtenfeld, 2007, pg. 289
- ^ "Men in Black: Far Cry". Comicvine.com. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
- ^ "Flickering Myth's Greatest Comic Book Movies: #17 – Men in Black". Flickeringmyth.com. April 9, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
- ^ "Batman & Robin Movie Reviews, Pictures – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- ^ "Twenty Years Later, Joel Schumacher is Very Sorry About 'Batman & Robin'". June 12, 2017.
- ^ "Then and now: The 1997 and 2017 summer movie seasons back to back". September 6, 2017.
- ^ "1997: The Year the Superhero Died".
- ^ 超全集1 1996, pp. 48–53, 「THE ART OF ウルトラマンゼアス」
- ^ "An unsung hero: How Blade helped save the comic-book movie". Blastr.com. Archived from the original on June 13, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
- ^ "5 Lessons Blade Taught Studios About Superhero Movies (They Have Clearly Forgotten)". Whatculture.com. January 14, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
- Vulture.com. Vox Media. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-7864-3755-9.
- ^ "Box Office Mojo / Genres: Comic Book Adaptation". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
- ^ "Marvel's Superhero Licensing". Wipo.int/. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
- ^ "Cameron Spun Out of Spider-Man Movie". Eonline.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
- ^ Lichtenfeld, 2007, pg. 293
- ^ Frieze: contemporary art and culture, Volumes 59–61. Durian Publications. 2001. p. 51. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ Film review, Issues 607–612. Orpheus Publications. 2001. p. 93. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ "All Time Top 1000 Grossing Films: U.S. Domestic Ranks". Movieweb.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
- ^ Ballard, James. "Tsuburaya Productions, 2004: A Year In Retrospect". Scifi Japan. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ "The Incredibles Movie Reviews, Pictures – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 15, 2008.[dead link]
- Allmovie. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Allmovie. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Allmovie. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Superhero Hype!. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ "Online Colleges, Schools & Classes". Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
- ^ "Marvel's Inevitable Takeover Was a Decade in the Making". December 11, 2019.
- ^ "The Green Hornet – Official Site". Greenhornetmovie.com. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
- ^ Pamela McClintock (January 6, 2010). "'Thor' set to bow May 6, 2011". Variety. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ^ Peter Sciretta (February 10, 2007). "Ghost Rider 2 Announced". SlashFilm.com. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
- ^ "Seasonal Box Office: Summer 2012". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
- ^ "All-Time Box Office Worldwide Gross". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
- ^ Lauren A.E. Schuker (August 22, 2008). "Warner Bets on Fewer, Bigger Movies". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
- ^ McClintock, Pamela (September 18, 2014). "'X-Men' Spin-Off 'Deadpool' Gets Winter 2016 Release Date". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- ^ "Valiant Entertainment". Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
- ^ "Valiant Entertainment". Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
- ^ Jay Weissberg (November 5, 2015). "Film Review: 'They Call Me Jeeg'". Variety. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
- ^ Franco Montini (October 17, 2015). "Al Festival del Cinema Santamaria il supereroe 'Jeeg Robot'". La Repubblica. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
- ^ "'Max Steel' Trailer: Mattel's First Film Is Finally Coming to Theaters". slashfilm.com. September 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ Finnish superhero film Rendel awarded in Mexico
- ^ Mendelson, Scott (August 7, 2017). "Wonder Woman And Spider-Man Prevented A Summer Box Office Disaster". Forbes. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
- ^ Tapley, Kristopher (January 22, 2019). "Oscars: 'Black Panther' Becomes First Superhero Movie Ever Nominated for Best Picture". Variety. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
- ^ "Avengers: Infinity War". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- ^ Rodriguez, Ashley (June 13, 2018). ""Avengers: Infinity War" just became the fourth movie ever to cross $2 billion". Quartz. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- ^ Hughes, Mark (May 22, 2018). "No, 'Deadpool 2' Opening Isn't A Sign Of 'Superhero Fatigue'". Forbes. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- ^ "Incredibles 2". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- ^ "Incredibles 2". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- ^ Abad-Santos, Alex (March 8, 2019). "How Captain Marvel and Brie Larson beat the internet's sexist trolls". Vox. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Captain Marvel". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Captain Marvel". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ Lovett, Jamie (April 10, 2019). "'Shazam!' Director on the Benefits of a Smaller Budget". comicbook.com. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "Dark Phoenix". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
- ^ Childress, Erik. "Weekend Box Office Results: Pets Bests Phoenix by $14 Million". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
- ^ Gundala (2019) – IMDb, retrieved January 31, 2021
- ^ "Bumilangit Cinematic Universe". Bumilangit. December 15, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
- ^ "Sri Asih dan Virgo and The Sparklings Rencananya Syuting Sebelum Akhir Tahun". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved January 31, 2021.
- ^ "Christine Hakim, Reza Rahadian join Bumilangit Cinematic Universe". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
- ^ "10 Reasons Why 'The Suicide Squad' is a Box Office Disaster". Forbes.
- ^ "'The Suicide Squad' Posts Best R-Rated Opening During Pandemic with $26.5M, but Worst for Franchise: Here's Why". August 8, 2021.
- ^ "'Shang-Chi' Box Office: Bigger Than 'Black Widow,' Leggier Than 'Black Panther'". Forbes.
- ^ "'Venom 2': Record $90M Debut Proves Box Office is Safe for Blockbusters". Forbes.
- ^ "Eternals". Rotten Tomatoes.
- ^ "Box Office: 'Eternals' Nabs Low (For Marvel) $71 Million Debut Weekend". Forbes.
- ^ "Top 2021 Movies at the Worldwide Box Office". The Numbers. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ "All Time Worldwide Box Office". The Numbers. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ Mendelson, Scott. "Why 'Spider-Man: No Way Home's Box Office Prospects Just Got Brighter". Forbes. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ Leston, Ryan (December 30, 2021). "Spider-Man: No Way Home Has Become Sony Pictures' Highest-Grossing Film of All-Time". IGN. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ Whitten, Sarah (December 26, 2021). "'Spider-Man: No Way Home' becomes first pandemic-era film to break $1 billion at global box office". CNBC. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ "'Spider-Man: No Way Home' could have hit $2 billion at the global box office if it were released in China". CNBC. February 7, 2022.
- ^ "The Batman Review". February 28, 2022.
- ^ "The Batman". Rotten Tomatoes.
- ^ "Box Office: 'The Batman' Scores $128 Million, Second-Biggest Pandemic Debut". March 6, 2022.
- ^ "Morbius suffers second worst box office drop ever for a superhero film".
- ^ "'Morbius' Box Office: What the Film's So-So Debut Means for Sony's Universe of Marvel Characters". April 4, 2022.
- ^ "Box Office: Massive 74% Drop for 'Morbius' is a Warning to Sony". Forbes.
- ^ "'Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness' Kick-Starts Summer Box Office with $187M Opening; Best Debut Ever for Sam Raimi – Monday Update". May 9, 2022.
- ^ "Wizard Wobble a Wake-Up Call for Marvel as 'Doctor Strange 2' Falls 67% in Weekend 2; Audiences Run Cold on 'Firestarter'". May 15, 2022.
- ^ "Box Office Milestone: 'Doctor Strange 2' Soars Past $800M Globally". The Hollywood Reporter. May 23, 2022.
- ^ "'Top Gun: Maverick' Scorches 'Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End' for Memorial Day Opening Record with $160M+ – Tuesday AM Update". May 31, 2022.
- ^ "Marvel Cinematic Universe Franchise Box Office History".
- ^ "What Really Caused Superhero Fatigue in 2023 and How to Fix It". Forbes.
- ^ Couch, Aaron; Galuppo, Mia; Kit, Borys (October 21, 2022). "Marvel, DC Among Last Bastion for Supersized Paydays". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
- ^ Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, retrieved December 2, 2022
- ^ "The Incredibles". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ Roberto Chiavini, Gian Filippo Pizzo, Michele Tetro, Il grande cinema di fantascienza: da "2001" al 2001. Gremese Editore, 2001, p.159
- ^ Gian Piero Brunetta. The History of Italian Cinema. Princeton University Press, 2009. p. 131.
- ^ Megamind, retrieved December 2, 2022
- ^ De Semlyen, Nick (July 11, 2019). "The Irishman Week: Empire's Martin Scorsese Interview". Empire. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- ^ "The Truth About Jennifer Aniston's Feud with Marvel". May 15, 2021.
- ^ "Denis Villeneuve Calls the MCU 'Cut and Paste' Movies". September 16, 2021.
- ^ Crow, David (February 2, 2022). "Roland Emmerich: Marvel and Star Wars Are 'Ruining Our Industry'". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "Nicolas Cage Defends Marvel Against Coppola, Scorsese Criticisms: 'I Don't See What the Issue Is'". March 23, 2022.
- ^ Charlie Jane Anders (September 7, 2011). "Where would superheroes be without 9/11?". io9.
- ^ Brown, Jeffrey A. (August 31, 2013). "How Marvel's superheroes found the magic to make us all true believers". The Observer. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ McCubbin, Chris (June 1, 1989). "Editorial". Amazing Heroes. 1 (166): 3.
- ^ Mendelson, Scott. "Why Superhero Movies Like 'Avengers' And 'Deadpool' Are Ruling The Box Office". Forbes. No. June 1, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- ^ Anders, Charlie Jane (March 9, 2009). "Are Superhero Stories Even A Genre?". Gizmodo. G/O Media. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ^ a b Leith, Sam (October 7, 2022). "Watchmen author Alan Moore: 'I'm definitely done with comics'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ^ a b c Sharf, Zack (September 13, 2023). "'Watchmen' Creator Alan Moore Asked DC to Send His Film and TV Royalties to Black Lives Matter: Recent Movies Don't Stand By Their 'Original Principles'". Variety. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- The Telegraph. Archivedfrom the original on September 15, 2023. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
- ^ Gleiberman, Owen (June 19, 2023). "Superhero Fatigue Is Real. The Cure? Make Better Movies Than The Flash". Variety. Archived from the original on June 19, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- ^ Seoul-Oh, Ron (February 23, 2023). "Superhero Fatigue Threatens Marvel's Multiverse Saga". The Ringer. Archived from the original on February 24, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- ^ Jacobs, Samantha (July 22, 2022). "10 Signs Audiences & Critics Are Finally Getting Superhero Fatigue". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on July 23, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
Bibliography
- Lichtenfeld, Eric (2007). Action Speaks Louder: Violence, Spectacle, and the American Action. ISBN 978-0-8195-6801-4.
- The Staff and Friends of Scarecrow (2003). The Scarecrow Video Movie Guide. ISBN 1-57061-415-6.
- Graeber, David (2012). Super Position (Essay). The New Inquiry.*Graeber, David (October 8, 2012). "Super Position". The New Inquiry. Retrieved January 26, 2023.