Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet (
Party-approved delegates to the Supreme Soviets were periodically elected unopposed in
The soviets met infrequently (often only twice a year for only several days) and elected the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, a permanent body, to act on their behalf while the soviet was not in session.[3] The presidiums were also empowered to issue decrees in lieu of law. If such decrees were not ratified by the Supreme Soviet at its next session, they were to be considered revoked. In practice, the principles of democratic centralism meant this power of veto was almost never exercised, meaning that Presidium decrees de facto had the force of law.[4]
Under the
After the dissolution of the USSR in late December 1991, most of these soviets remained the legislatures of independent countries until Armenia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan abandoned the system in 1995.
Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Republics
Soviet Republics dissolved before the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Soviet Republic | Supreme Soviet | Established | Disbanded | Succeeded by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russian SFSR | Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Верховный Совет РСФСР |
1938 | 1993 | Federal Assembly (1993–present)
| |
Ukraine | Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR
Верховный Совет Украинской ССР |
1937 | 1996 | Verkhovna Rada | |
Byelorussia | Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR
Верховный Совет Белорусской ССР |
1938 | 1994 | National Assembly (1996–present)
| |
Uzbekistan | Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR
Верховный Совет Узбекской ССР |
1938 | 1992 | Supreme Council (1992–1995) Oliy Majlis (1995–present) | |
Kazakhstan | Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR
Верховный Совет Казахской ССР |
1937 | 1993 | Supreme Council (1993–95) Parliament (1996–present) | |
Georgia | Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR
Верховный Совет Грузинской ССР |
1938 | 1992 | State Council (1992–1995) Parliament (1995–present) | |
Azerbaijan | Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR
Верховный Совет Азербайджа́нской ССР |
1938 | 1995 | National Assembly | |
Lithuania | Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR
Верховный Совет Литовской ССР |
1940 | 1990 | Supreme Council (1990–1992) Seimas (1992–present) | |
Moldavia | Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR
Верховный Совет Молдавской ССР |
1941 | 1993 | Parliament | |
Latvia | Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR
Верховный Совет Латвийской ССР |
1940 | 1990 | Supreme Council (1990–1993) Saeima (1993–present) | |
Kirghizia | Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR
Верховный Совет Киргизской ССР |
1938 | 1994 | Supreme Council | |
Tajikistan | Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR
Верховный Совет Таджикской ССР |
1937 | 1994 | Supreme Assembly | |
Armenia | Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR
Верховный Совет Армянской ССР |
1938 | 1995 | National Assembly | |
Turkmenia | Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR
Верховный Совет Туркменской ССР |
1938 | 1992 | Assembly (1992–2021) National Council (2021–present) | |
Estonia | Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR
Верховный Совет Эстонской ССР |
1940 | 1992 | Riigikogu | |
Karelo-Finnish SSR | Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR
Верховный Совет Карело-Финской ССР |
1940 | 1956 | Supreme Soviet |
Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Republics
Autonomous Republic | Supreme Soviet | Established | Disbanded | Succeeded by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bashkiria | Supreme Soviet of the Bashkir ASSR (ru)
Верховный Совет Башкирской АССР |
1938 | 1995 | State Assembly | |
Buryatia | Supreme Soviet of the Buryat ASSR (ru)
Верховный Совет Бурятской АССР |
1938 | 1994 | People's Khural | |
Karelia | Supreme Soviet of the Karelian ASSR (ru)
Верховный Совет Карельской АССР |
1938 1956 |
1940 1994 |
Legislative Assembly | |
Tatarstan | Supreme Soviet of the Tatar ASSR (ru)
Верховный Совет Татарской АССР |
1938 | 1995 | State Council | |
Tuva | Supreme Soviet of the Tuvan ASSR (ru)
Верховный Совет Тувинской АССР |
1961 | 1993 | Great Khural | |
Chuvashia | Supreme Soviet of the Chuvash ASSR (ru)
Верховный Совет Чувашской АССР |
1938 | 1994 | State Council | |
Karakalpakstan | Supreme Soviet of the Karakalpak ASSR
Верховный Совет Каракалпакской АССР |
1938 | 1994 | Supreme Council | |
Abkhazia | Supreme Soviet of the Abkhaz ASSR
Верховный Совет Абхазской АССР |
1938 | 1996 | People's Assembly | |
Adjara | Supreme Soviet of the Adjarian ASSR
Верховный Совет Аджарской АССР |
1938 | 1991 | Supreme Council | |
Nakhichevan | Supreme Soviet of the Nakhichevan ASSR
Верховный Совет Нахичеванской АССР |
1938 | 1990 | Supreme Assembly (Nakhchivan) |
References
- ISBN 978-0-691-13467-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-87332-830-2.
- ISBN 978-0-7923-2358-7.
- ISBN 0819154059.
- ^
Armstrong, John Alexander (January 1, 1978). Ideology, Politics, and Government in the Soviet Union: An Introduction– Google Knihy. p. 165. ISBN 9780819154057. Retrieved 2016-11-26.