Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile
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Supreme Tribunal of Justice Tribunal Supremo de Justicia | |
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Established | 2017 |
Authorized by | Constitution of Venezuela |
Number of positions | 33 |
Website | Official website |
President | |
Currently | Miguel Ángel Martín |
The Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela (TSJ
The Supreme Court is based on the universal jurisdiction and the principles of the Nuremberg, the former Yugoslavia and the Rwanda Tribunals. The Organization of American States, the European Parliament and the Inter-American Federation of Lawyers have recognized the legitimacy of the court, while both the national government and the Supreme Tribunal of Justice in Venezuela do not recognize the appointment.
History
Foundation
Following the death of President
The discontent with the Bolivarian government saw the opposition being elected to hold the majority in the
Both the opposition and several jurists have defined the appointment as illegal for not being performed according to the constitution and the Organic Law, including the challenges period, their lack of responses and the omission of the definite selections of the candidates.[16][17][18] According to a mid 2016 report issued by the Venezuelan NGO Acceso a la Justicia (Access to Justice), only one of seven justices of the Constitutional Chamber comply with the requirements for the position demanded by Venezuelan laws and their designation process was irregular.[19][20] On 14 June 2016 the National Assembly nullified the appointment carried out in 2015.[21]
Following months of unrest surrounding the
After being stripped of power during the constitutional crisis and
Structure
The Supreme Tribunal is divided in six chambers or instances that divide the work depending on its competences, which are the following:
- Constitutional Chamber
- Politic-Administrative Chamber
- Electoral Chamber
- Civil CassationChamber
- Social Cassation Chamber
- Criminal Cassation Chamber
All of the chambers are part of the Plenary Chamber.
Constitutional Chamber
- Miguel Ángel Martín Tortabu
- Elenis del Valle Rodríguez Martínez
- Coromoto Janette Cioly Zambrano Álvarez
Alternate:
- Luis Manuel del Valle Marcano Salazar
- Zuleima del Valle González
- Gabriel Ernesto Calleja Ángulo
- Gustavo José Sosa Izaguirre
Criminal Cassation Chamber
- Pedro José Troconis Da Silva
- Alejandro Jesús Rebolledo
Alternate:
- Milton Ramón Ladera Jiménez
- Cruz Alejandro Graterol Roque
- Beatriz Josefina Ruiz Marín
Politic-Administrative Chamber
Alternate:
- José Luis Rodríguez Piña
- Ramsis Ghazzaoui
- Manuel Antonio Espinoza Melet
- José Fernando Nuñez Sifontes
Electoral Chamber
- Alvaro Marín[citation needed]
Alternate
- Domingo Javier Salgado Rodríguez
- Idelfonso Ifill
- Rommel Rafael Gil Pino
Civil Cassation Chamber
- Gonzalo Antonio Álvarez Domínguez
- Evelyna del Carmen D’Apollo Abraham
- Ramón José Pérez Linares
Alternate:
- Gonzalo José Oliveros Navarro
- Thomas David Alzuru Rojas
- Luis María Ramos Reyes
Social Cassation Chamber
Rulings
Presidential cases
On 11 January 2018, the Supreme Tribunal decreed the nullity of the 2013 Venezuelan presidential elections after lawyer Enrique Aristeguita Gramcko presented evidence about the presumed non-existence of ineligibility conditions of Nicolás Maduro to be elected and to hold the office of the presidency. Aristeguieta argued in the appeal that, under Article 96, Section B, of the Political Constitution of Colombia, Nicolás Maduro Moros, even in the unproven case of having been born in Venezuela, is "Colombian by birth" because he is the son of a Colombian mother and by having resided in that territory during his youth. The Constitutional Chamber admitted the demand and requested the presidency and the Electoral Council to send a certified copy of the president's birth certificate, in addition to his resignation from Colombian nationality.[28]
On 2 July 2018, the Supreme Tribunal ruled that Maduro was no longer the legitimate President of Venezuela and called for the opposition-led
Maduro was sentenced unanimously to 18 years and 3 months in prison on 15 August 2018 by the tribunal, with the exiled high court stating "there is enough evidence to establish the guilt ... [of] corruption and legitimation of capital".[31] The Organization of American States supported the verdict and asked for the Venezuelan National Assembly to recognize the TSJ in exile's ruling.[32]
Humanitarian aid
On 8 February 2019, under case file SC-2017-003, the Supreme Tribunal announced the authorization for the entry of an international military coalition to secure the entry and protection of humanitarian aid to Venezuela.[33]
Recognition
The Secretary General of the Organization of American States, Luis Almagro, has shown support for the Supreme Tribunal of Justice in exile.[29] The Senate of Chile and the Chamber of Deputies of Chile also recognized the TSJ in exile as the legitimate judicial branch of Venezuela.[34][35]
However, the current Maduro government does not recognize the Tribunal.[25]
References
- Diario Las Americas(in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-07-12.
- ^ "Parlamento chileno aprueba proyecto que reconoce la legitimidad del TSJ venezolano en el exilio". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2018-10-04. Retrieved 2018-10-05.
- ^ "Tribunal de Venezuela pide a PGR capturar a Maduro a su llegada a México".
- ^ a b "Venezuela: un "Tribunal Supremo de Justicia" en el exilio se instala en la OEA". Clarín (in Spanish). 12 October 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ Lake, Eli (28 January 2019). "The Exiled Court Protecting Venezuelan Democracy". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ Kevin Voigt (6 March 2013). "Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable". CNN. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
- ^ Corrales, Javier (7 March 2013). "The House That Chavez Built". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ Siegel, Robert (25 December 2014). "For Venezuela, Drop in Global Oil Prices Could Be Catastrophic". NPR. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Scharfenberg, Ewald (1 February 2015). "Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela". El País. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "Inflation rate (consumer prices)". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ "Venezuela's economy: Medieval policies". The Economist. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "Venezuela's Maduro says 2013 annual inflation was 56.2 pct". Reuters. 30 December 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ "Venezuela Inflation Hits 16-Year High as Shortages Rise". Bloomberg. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ a b Casey, Nicholas; Torres, Patricia (30 March 2017). "Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Venezuela's Lame-Duck Congress Names New Supreme Court Justices". Bloomberg. 23 December 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "FCJP-UCV: Designación precipitada de magistrados del TSJ en contra de la soberanía popular - COMUNICACION CONTINUA". comunicacioncontinua.com. 23 December 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "5 violaciones cometidas durante la designación de los magistrados del TSJ; por José I. Hernández « Prodavinci". prodavinci.com. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ Mundo, Daniel Pardo BBC (23 December 2015). "Por qué importan tanto los magistrados que designó el chavismo en Venezuela". BBC Mundo. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ Vanessa, Moreno Losada (5 April 2017). "Sentencias de la Sala Constitucional son firmadas por magistrados que incumplen requisitos para el cargo". Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Moreno Losada, Vanessa (16 October 2016). "Máximos intérpretes de la Constitución en el TSJ no llegan a 15 años en el ejercicio del derecho". Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ "Venezuela: AN aprueba anular designación de magistrados". Deutsche Welle. Prodavinci. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
- ^ "Venezuela 'coup': Alarm grows as court takes power". BBC. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Venezuela: Supreme court backtracks on powers bid". BBC. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- El Nacional(in Spanish). 2017-06-13. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
- ^ a b "Consejo Moral Republicano rechazó listado de preseleccionados al cargo de Magistrados realizado por la AN - LaPatilla.com". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2017-07-12. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
- ^ "Asamblea Nacional designó a los nuevos magistrados del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia". Globovisión. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ Torres, Dick (21 July 2017). "Asamblea Nacional juramentó a nuevos magistrados del TSJ". El Universal. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ "TSJ en el exilio decreta nulidad de elección de Maduro como presidente". Diario las Américas. 11 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ^ a b c "Tribunal Supremo en el exilio insta a Asamblea Nacional a nombrar nuevo presidente de Venezuela". El Nuevo Herald. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
- ^ "TSJ en el exilio ordena al Cicpc la aprehensión de Nicolás Maduro (Oficio)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2018-07-15.
- ^ "TSJ en el exilio sentenció a Nicolás Maduro a 18 años y 3 meses de cárcel por corrupción - LaPatilla.com". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2018-08-15. Retrieved 2018-08-16.
- ^ "Almagro solicita al presidente de la AN que acate la sentencia emitida por el TSJ en el exilio contra Maduro (Carta)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
- ^ "Magistrados en el exilio autorizan coalición militar internacional para entrega de ayuda humanitaria" [Magistrates in exile authorize international military coalition for delivery of humanitarian aid]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 8 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- Diario Las Americas(in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-07-12.
- ^ "Parlamento chileno aprueba proyecto que reconoce la legitimidad del TSJ venezolano en el exilio". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2018-10-04. Retrieved 2018-10-05.