Suyab

Coordinates: 42°48′18.8″N 75°11′59.6″E / 42.805222°N 75.199889°E / 42.805222; 75.199889
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Suyab
Suyab is located in Kyrgyzstan
Suyab
Shown within Kyrgyzstan
Suyab is located in West and Central Asia
Suyab
Suyab (West and Central Asia)
Alternative nameOrdukent
LocationChüy Region, Kyrgyzstan
Coordinates42°48′18.8″N 75°11′59.6″E / 42.805222°N 75.199889°E / 42.805222; 75.199889
TypeSettlement
History
Founded5-6th century
Abandoned11th century
Site notes
ConditionIn ruins

Suyab (

World Heritage List as the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor World Heritage Site.[1]

History

The settlement of

Sogdian merchants sprang up along the Silk Road in the 5th or 6th centuries. The name of the city derives from that of the Suyab River,[2]
whose origin is Iranian (in Persian: suy means "toward"+ ab for "water", "rivers").[3] It was first recorded by Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang who traveled in the area in 629:[4][5]

Traveling 500

Tujue
.

During the reign of

Gokturks
in charge of the city's military security.

Following the downfall of the khaganate, Suyab was absorbed into the Tang dynasty, of which it was a western military outpost between 648 and 719. A Chinese fortress was built there in 679, and Buddhism flourished. According to some accounts, the great poet Li Bai (Li Po) was born in Suyab.[8] The Chinese traveler Du Huan, who visited Suyab in 751, found among the ruins a still-functioning Buddhist monastery, where Princess Jiaohe, daughter of Ashina Huaidao, used to dwell.[9][10]

Suyab was one of the Four Garrisons of

Turgesh, appointed by the Tang court as the "Loyal and Obedient Qaghan".[2][11] After Sulu's murder in 738, the town was promptly retaken by Tang Chinese forces, along with Talas.[12] The fort was strategically important during the wars between the Tang dynasty and the Tibetan Empire. In 766, the city fell to a Qarluq ruler, allied with the nascent Uyghur Khaganate
.

Of the subsequent history of Suyab there is little record, especially after the Chinese evacuated the Four Garrisons in 787.

Hudud al-Alam, completed in 983, lists Suyab as a city of 20,000 inhabitants. It is believed to have been supplanted by Balasagun
in the early 11th century and was abandoned soon thereafter.

The area around Suyab briefly returned to China under the

Archaeological site

In the 19th century the ruins at Ak-Beshim were erroneously identified with

Wilhelm Barthold, who visited the site in 1893–94, also lent his support to this identification.[16] Although excavations started in 1938, it was not until the 1950s that it was determined that the site had been abandoned as early as the 11th century and therefore would not be identical with Balasagun, which had flourished until the 14th century.[17]

The archaeological site of Suyab covers some 30

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 17 Apr 2021.
  2. ^ a b Xue (1998), p. 136-140, 212-215.
  3. ^ Transboundary Chu-Talas
  4. ^ Ji (1985), p. 25.
  5. ^ Ye. I. Lubo-Lesnichenko. Svedeniya kitaiskikh pismennykh istochnikov o Suyabe (Gorodishche Ak-Beshim). [Information of Chinese Written Sources about Suyab (Ak-Beshim)]. // Suyab Ak-Beshim. St. Petersburg, 2002. Pages 115-127.
  6. Great Soviet Encyclopaedia
    , 3rd ed. Article "Turkic Khaganate".
  7. ^ Xue (1992), p. 284-285
  8. ^ Zhongguo fu li hui, Chung-kuo fu li hui. China Reconstructs. China Welfare Institute, 1989. Page 58.
  9. ^ Forte A. An Ancient Chinese Monastery Excavated in Kirgizia // Central Asiatic Journal, 1994. Volume 38. № 1. Pages 41-57.
  10. ^ Cui (2005), p. 244-246
  11. ^ Zongzheng, Xue (1992), p. 596-597, 669
  12. ^ Zongzheng, Xue (1992), p. 686
  13. ^ Nicolle (1990), p. 32.
  14. ^ "葛剑雄:唐朝是中亚竞争的失败者(图)". ifeng.com. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  15. ^ "1864年《勘分西北界约记》,失去44万平方公里,含此五大旅游胜地". 30 January 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  16. ^ Бартольд В.В. Отчет о поездке в Среднюю Азию с археологической целью ("report on an archaeological campaign in Central Asia"), collected writings, vol. 4
  17. ^ Г.Л. Семенов. Ак-Бешим и города Семиречья. // Проблемы политогенза кыргызской государственности. ("Ak-Beshi and the cities of Semirechya - problems of politogenesis in the Kyrgyz statehood") – Бишкек: АРХИ, 2003. – с. 218-222.
  18. ^ Горячева В.Д., Перегудова С.Я. Буддийские памятники Киргизии ("Buddhist monuments of Kyrgyzstan"), pp. 187-188.
  19. Semirechye Monasteries]. // Hermitage Readings in Memory of Boris Piotrovsky
    . St. Petersburg, 1999. Pages 70-74.

Sources

External links

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