Swami Shraddhanand

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Swami

Shraddhanand
Born(1856-02-22)22 February 1856
Talwan, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Died23 December 1926(1926-12-23) (aged 70)
Delhi, India
Cause of deathAssassination
Known forSocial worker
Freedom Fighter
Independence Activist
Teacher
Religious Leader

Swami Shraddhanand (22 February 1856 – 23 December 1926), also known as Mahatma Munshi Ram Vij,

Hindu reform movement
in the 1920s.

Early life and education

He was born on 22 February 1856 in the village of Talwan in the

sanyas
in 1917, variously as Lala Munshi Ram Vij and Mahatma Munshi Ram.

He adopted

Muslim lawyer. All of these events cemented his atheism. He eventually passed mukhtari exams and began studying law from Punjab University Law College to become a lawyer.[2]

Meeting Dayanand

He first met

Dayanand Saraswati when Dayanand visited Bareilly to give lectures. His father was handling arrangements and security at the events, due to the attendance of some prominent personalities and British officers. Munshiram attend the lectures at his father's request. He originally went with the intent of spoiling the arrangements, then claimed to be strongly influenced by Dayanand's courage, skill, and strong personality. After completing his studies Munshiram started his practice as lawyer.[2][3]

Career

Mahatma Munshi Ram or Swami Shraddhanand in early days.

Schools

In 1892

Gurukul in Kangri, India near Haridwar. This school is now recognized as Gurukul Kangri University
.

In 1917, Mahatma Munshi Ram took sanyas as "Swami Shradhanand Saraswati".

Shraddhanand established Gurukul Indraprashtha in

Aravali near Faridabad, Haryana.[4]

Activism

In 1917, Shraddhanand left Gurukul to become an active member of the

Indian Independence movement.[3] He began working with the Congress, which he invited to hold its session at Amritsar in 1919. This was because of the Jalianwala massacre, and no one in the Congress Committee disagreed to have a session at Amritsar. Motilal Nehru
presided over the session.

He also joined the nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act. The same year he protested in front of a posse of Gurkha soldiers at the Clock Tower in Chandni Chowk, then was allowed to proceed.[3] In the early 1920s he emerged as an important force in the Hindu Sangathan (consolidation) movement, which was a by product of the now revitalised Hindu Mahasabha.[5]

Swami Shradhanand was the only

mantras.[3]

He wrote on religious issues in both

Devanagri script, helped the poor and promoted the education of women. By 1923, he left the social arena and plunged whole-heartedly into his earlier work of the shuddhi movement (re-conversion to Hinduism), which he turned into an important force within Hinduism.[6] In 1922, Dr. Ambedkar called Shraddhanand “the greatest and most sincere champion of the Untouchables”.[7]

In late 1923, he became the president of Bhartiya Hindu Shuddhi Sabha, created with an aim of reconverting Muslims, specifically 'Malkana Rajputs' in the western United Province. This brought him into direct confrontation with Muslim clerics and leaders of the time.[4][8] 1,63,000 Malkana Rajputs were converted back to Hindu fold due to this movement.[9]

Assassination

Swami Shraddhanand on a 1970 stamp of India.
Statue of Swami Shraddhanand in front of Delhi Town Hall.

On 23 December 1926, Shraddhanand was assassinated by Abdul Rashid who said he murdered Shraddhanand over his comments on Islamic prophet Muhammad. Rashid was hanged to death in 1927. Gandhi objected to the hanging of Rashid.[10]

Today, the 'Swami Shraddhanand Kaksha' at the archeological museum of the Gurukul Kangri University in Haridwar houses a photographic journey of his life.[11]

A statue of him was placed in front of Delhi Town Hall after independence, replacing a statue of Queen Victoria.[12] This location in Old Delhi is termed ghantaghar because the old clock tower stood here until the 1950s.[13]

Personal life

Shraddhanand and his wife Shiva Devi had two sons and two daughters. His wife died when Shraddhanand was only 36 years old. His granddaughter Satyavati was a prominent opponent of the British rule in India.[14]

See also

Bibliography

  • The Arya Samaj and Its Detractors: A Vindication, Rama Deva. Published by s.n, 1910.
  • Hindu Sangathan: Saviour of the Dying Race, Published by s.n., 1924.
  • Inside Congress, by Swami Shraddhanand, Compiled by Purushottama Rāmacandra Lele. Published by Phoenix Publications, 1946.
  • Kalyan Marg Ke Pathik (Autobiography:Hindi), New Delhi. n.d.
  • Autobiography (English Translation), Edited by M. R. Jambunathan. Published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1961

Further reading

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  • Swami Shraddhanand, by Satyadev Vidyalankar, ed. by Indra Vidyavachaspati. Delhi, 1933.
  • Swami Shraddhanand (Lala Munshi Ram), by Aryapathik Lekh Ram. Jallandhar. 2020 Vik.
  • Swami Shraddhanand, by K.N. Kapur. Arya Pratinidhi Sabha, Jallandhar, 1978.
  • Swami Shraddhanand: His Life and Causes, by J. T. F. Jordens. Published by Oxford University Press, 1981.
  • Section Two:Swami Shraddhanand . Modern Indian Political Thought, by Vishwanath Prasad Varma. Published by Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, 1961. Page 447.
  • Chapt XI: Swami Shraddhanand. Advanced Study in the History of Modern India : 1920–1947. by G. S. Chhabra. Published by Sterling Publishers, 1971. Page 211
  • Pen-portraits and Tributes by Gandhiji: '(Sketches of eminent men and women by Mahatma Gandhi)', by Gandhi, U. S. Mohan Rao. Published by National Book Trust, India, 1969. Page 133
  • Swami Shraddhanand – Indian freedom fighters: struggle for independence. Anmol Publishers, 1996.
    ISBN 81-7488-268-5
    .
  • Telegram to Swami Shraddhanand, (2 October 1919) – Collected Works, by Gandhi. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1958. v.16. Page 203.
  • An article on Swami Shraddhanand in "The Legacy of The Punjab" by R M Chopra, 1997, Punjabee Bradree, Calcutta,

References

  1. ^ "Swami Shraddhanand". www.aryasamajhouston.org. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Autobiography http://www.vedpedia.com Archived 2 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ^
    ISBN 81-89093-08-8
    p. 227.
  4. ^
    ISBN 90-04-04380-2
    . p. 15.
  5. ISBN 1-85973-348-4
    . p. 62.
  6. ISBN 9788171690428
    , p. 43.
  7. ISBN 978-93-5109-064-9
    .
  8. ISBN 0-521-24986-4
    . p. 194.
  9. JSTOR 4406586
    .
  10. ISBN 978-0-88386-711-2
    .
  11. ^ Archaeological Museum Gurukul Kangri University.
  12. ^ "Stories in stone", The Hindu, 20 October 2014
  13. ^ Clock Tower Chandni Chowk, Delhi, Early 1900s. Columbia.edu. Retrieved on 17 December 2018.
  14. ISBN 9780521612401
    .

External links

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