Syrian Salvation Government
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2017) |
Flag[1] Emblem of the Syrian Salvation Government[2] | |
Formation | 2 November 2017 |
---|---|
Website | syriansg |
Legislative branch | |
Legislature | General Shura Council |
Executive branch | |
Prime Minister | Ali Keda |
Main body | Cabinet |
Appointed by | General Shura Council |
Headquarters | Idlib, Syria |
Departments | 9 ministries |
The Syrian Salvation Government (
The SSG is led by a
The government's
Background
Since 2014, large parts of
History
The General Syrian Conference, held in Idlib in September 2017, was a continuation of the Civil Administration Initiative in opposition-controlled areas, held at the end of August 2017 in
The move was seen as part of an attempt by Tahrir al-Sham to impose its control on the region.
In early November 2017, the General Conference formed the Syrian Salvation Government.[3] There followed weeks of conflict between the new government and the Syrian Interim Government (SIG), with reports of HTS unilaterally disbanding several SIG-supported local councils across northwestern Syria.[3]
On 12 December 2017, the Syrian Salvation Government issued a warning that called for the Syrian Interim Government to evacuate their offices from opposition-controlled areas in 72 hours.[11][3] There were reports that some SIG-run local councils had already been closed, and replaced by SSG-loyal alternatives, but others said they would not vacate their offices.[3]
On 6 January 2018, the Salvation Government declared control over the SIG-initiated Free Aleppo University, and closed several faculties in
On 11 March 2018, Russian planes reportedly fired a missile on the SSG Ministry of Justice east of Idlib city.[14]
On 15 August 2018, the SSG's Founding Body accepted the oral resignation of Prime Minister Mohammed al-Sheikh after the kidnapping of a prominent health director. Although the director was ransomed for $US100,000, al-Sheikh had promised to resign if the Ministry of Interior failed to apprehend the captors within 24 hours.[15] On 18 August 2018, the Founding Body instructed Fawaz Hilal to form a new government with the deputy prime minister, Mohammed Jamal Shahoud, leading in the interim.[16] The SSG's Constitution Drafting Assembly appointed Fawaz Hilal as prime minister, alongside nine cabinet ministers, on 10 December 2018. Hilal and much of his cabinet maintained close ties with Tahrir al-Sham.[17][18]
On 29 January 2019, a female suicide bomber accused by
During a government offensive on Idlib in May 2019, Hilal called upon Turkey to support the opposition.[20]
Tax increases, rising commodity prices and accusations that the SSG was establishing monopolies on key goods such as fuel led to protests between October and November 2019, with demonstrators chanting slogans against the SSG and Abu Mohammad al-Julani.[21][22] After residents of Kafr Takharim refused to pay a new tax on olive oil and expelled SSG officials, Tahrir al-Sham fighters besieged and bombed the town, killing 5.[23] Hilal and his cabinet resigned shortly afterwards, leading to the General Shura Council asking Ali Keda, Deputy Minister of the Interior for Administrative Affairs and Public Relations, to form a new government.[24] On 18 November 2019, Keda was elected prime minister by the Council, winning 65% of the vote.[25] However, some activists said the reshuffle was merely "changing faces".[26]
On 23 March 2020, the SSG created an emergency committee to coordinate its response to the
On 7 April 2020, Bassam al-Sahyouni, president of the General Shura Council, resigned.[28] Sources told Enab Baladi that his resignation was in response to attempts by HTS to interfere in the Council's activities. On 24 April 2020, the Council elected Mustafa al-Mousa, a pharmacist who previously headed its health committee, as his successor.[29]
In May 2020, rapid depreciation of the Syrian pound triggered by the US Government's Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act prompted the SSG to replace it with the Turkish lira in its administered territories.[30]
On 1 December 2020, Ali Keda was re-elected as prime minister for another term by the General Shura Council, receiving 81% of the vote. The appointment was criticized by opposition activists, who likened it to elections in territories controlled by the
In June 2023, Syrian Salvation Government concluded an agreement with
In July 2023, SSG administration authorized the operations of "Syria phone", the first communication and internet services company in Idlib. The company has announced that the services it provided include “cellular calls, SMS, 4G internet service and video calls.”[34]
Structure
In his speech during the
Mohammed al-Sheikh was initially appointed as prime minister, alongside 11 ministers for Interior, Justice, Endowment, Higher Education, Education, Health, Agriculture, Economy, Social Affairs and Displaced, Housing and Reconstruction and Local Administration and Services. Al-Sheikh, in a press conference held at the Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing also announced the formation of four commissions: Inspection Authority, Prisoners and Missing Persons Affairs, Planning and Statistics Authority, and the Commission of Trade Unions.[citation needed] The founder of the Free Syrian Army, Col. Riad al-Asaad, was appointed as deputy prime minister for military affairs.[citation needed] After the appointment of Fawaz Hilal as prime minister in December 2018, the Ministry of Economy was merged with the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Housing and Reconstruction was merged with the Ministry of Local Administration and Services.[18]
List of prime ministers
No. | Name | Took office | Left office |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mohammed al-Sheikh | 2 November 2017[36] | 18 August 2018[15] |
2 | Mohammed Jamal Shahoud (acting) | 18 August 2018[16] | 10 December 2018 |
3 | Fawaz Hilal | 10 December 2018[17][18] | ? |
4 | Ali Abdulrahman Keda | 18 November 2019 | Incumbent |
List of ministers in 2017
Incumbent | Office | Since | Until |
---|---|---|---|
Mohammed al-Sheikh | Prime Minister of Syrian Salvation Government | 2 November 2017[36] | 18 August 2018 |
Jamal Shahoud | Deputy Prime Minister of Syrian Salvation Government[37] | ? | ? |
Col. Riad al-Asaad | Deputy Prime Minister for Military Affairs[citation needed] | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Brigadier Ahmed Nuri Mohammed Dib[38] | Ministry of Interior | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Ibrahim Mohamed Shasho[citation needed] | Ministry of Justice | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Anas Mohammed Bashir Al-Mousa[citation needed] | Ministry of Awqaf, Da'wah and Guidance | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Dr. Juma Al Omar[13][39] | Ministry of Higher Education | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Mohammed Jamal Shahoud[citation needed] | Ministry of Education | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim Al-Jarak[citation needed] | Ministry of Health | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Fayez Ahmed Al-Khalif[citation needed] | Ministry of Agriculture | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Abdul Salam Al Khalaf[citation needed] | Ministry of Economy | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Mohammed Ali Amer[citation needed] | Ministry of Social Affairs and Displaced Persons | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Eng. Yasser Ghassan Al Najjar[citation needed] | Ministry of Housing and Reconstruction | 2 November 2017 | ? |
Eng. Fadel Abdel Qader[citation needed]/Fadel Talib (December 2017)[3] | Ministry of Local Administration and Services | ? | ? |
See also
- Ebaa News Agency - News agency that reports favorably toward the Salvation Government
- Politics of Syria
- Watad Petroleum
- National Salvation Government
References
- ^ Borhan, Hasan (11 December 2018). "Salvation Government adopts new flag instead of Syrian Revolution; detentions and kidnappings occure [sic] in Idlib and Daraa". smartnews-agency.com. SMARTNews Agency. SMART news. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ https://www.noonpost.com/sites/default/files/styles/article-main/public/field/image/hkwm-lnqdh-lswry-ljdw-wlmsyr-780x405.jpg?itok=H1XQF6Ny[permanent dead link] noonpost.com
- ^ a b c d e f g "HTS-backed civil authority moves against rivals in latest power grab in northwest Syria". Syria Direct. 13 December 2017. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- Washington Post. Archivedfrom the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- ^ Almustafa, Aamer (9 June 2023). "Education System in Northwestern Syria: A Long Road Ahead". The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023.
- Washington Post. Archivedfrom the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- ^ TRTWorld (17 November 2017). "The shifting red sands of Idlib". The shifting red sands of Idlib. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "The Syrian General Conference Faces the Interim Government in Idlib". Enab Baladi. 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ "Salvation Government Elects New Shura Council President". The Syrian Observer. 2020-04-24. Archived from the original on 2021-04-02. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
- ^ "Euphrates Shield: Riyad al-Assaad is an intruder and conspirator". Al-Alam News Network. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
- ^ "Syrian Salvation Government Gives The Syrian Interim Government 72 Hours To Evacuate Their Offices". Qasioun News Agency. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ "So-Called Salvation Government Orders To Shut Several Faculties In Aleppo Free University". Qasioun News Agency. 6 January 2018. Archived from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ a b "A power struggle over education emerges between rival opposition governments in Idlib province". Syria Direct. 10 January 2018. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Russian forces shelled the building of Ministry of Justice and the local administration of the Syrian Salvation government in Idlib city on March 11". Syrian Network for Human Rights. 11 March 2018. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Political body of "Salvation Government" accepts resignation of Prime Minister Mohammed al-Sheikh". SMART News Agency. Archived from the original on 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ a b ""الهيئة التأسيسية" لـ "حكومة الإنقاذ" تكلف مدير غرفة التجارة بتشكيل حكومة جديدة". SMART News Agency. Archived from the original on 2020-07-19. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ a b Ahmad; Network, Sham. ""حكومة الإنقاذ" بعهد جديد وقيادات تحرير الشام تتصدر حقائبها ... وعلم مزيف للحراك الثوري تتبناه". www.shaam.org (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ a b c "Syria Update: December 06 - December 12, 2018". COAR. 2018-12-12. Archived from the original on 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ "Suicide Attack Inside Salvation Government Building in Idleb • the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights". 31 January 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ "Exclusive: Idlib government chief urges defence against Assad attack". Reuters. 2019-05-27. Archived from the original on 2020-07-19. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ MohamedN; Network, Sham. "لليوم الثاني .. مظاهرات بمدينة إدلب تُسقط "حكومة الإنقاذ" وتحتج على قراراتها الجائرة". www.shaam.org (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2019-11-04. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ وعالم, المدن-عرب. "وفي إدلب.. مظاهرات ضد "تحرير الشام"". almodon (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ Arab, The New (7 November 2019). "Five killed as HTS bombs Syrian town which protested against its rule". alaraby. Archived from the original on 2020-05-11. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ al-Khateb, Khaled (2019-12-29). "Reshuffle of HTS-linked government fails to bring hope in Idlib". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 2019-12-30. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ "BBC Monitoring – Analysis: Who's behind the 'Salvation Government' running northern Syria?". monitoring.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-07-20. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ "After two years of governing, HTS 'Salvation Government' deepens misery in Idlib". Syria Direct. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ "The Jihadi-Backed Salvation Government and Covid-19 in Northwest Syria". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Archived from the original on 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ "Idleb: President of General Shura Council Resigns". The Syrian Observer. 2020-04-08. Archived from the original on 2021-04-02. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
- ^ "Salvation Government Elects New Shura Council President". The Syrian Observer. 2020-04-24. Archived from the original on 2021-04-02. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
- ^ "Residents of northwestern Syria replace Syrian pound with Turkish lira". Enab Baladi. 2020-07-01. Archived from the original on 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
- ^ "ديموقراطية تحرير الشام.. إعادة انتخاب "علي كدة" رئيساً للحكومة ومنافسيه مجهولين". وكالة ستيب الإخبارية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
- ^ Iddon, Paul (31 May 2023). "Why Syria's Kurds and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham are offering to host refugees". New Arab. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023.
- ^ "اتصالات بين "تحرير الشام" و"قسد".. اقتصاد وسياسة ثم إدارة مدنية مشتركة" [Contacts between Tahrir al-Sham and SDF... economy and politics, then a joint civil administration]. Syria TV. 12 June 2023. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023.
- ^ al-Sheikh, Mo’ayed (9 July 2023). "HTS Salvation Government launches communication company in Idlib". North Press Agency. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Julani Reveals Pillars of his Project and Strategic Direction". The Syrian Observer. 20 July 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b Syria news Archived 2018-10-09 at the Wayback Machine Shaam network
- ^ Koseoglu, Sinem (5 September 2018). "Millions in Idlib brace for Syrian government assault". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ "Car bomb hits International Rescue Committee office in northern Idlib as wave of mysterious attacks grows". Syria Direct. 3 May 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Idlib University: Faculty of Medicine Forces Its Way to International Recognition". Enab Baladi. 25 August 2018. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
External links
Media related to Syrian Salvation Government at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in Arabic)