Syrmia
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Syrmia (
Etymology
The word "Syrmia" is derived from the ancient city of Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica).[1][2] Sirmium was a Celtic or Illyrian town founded in the third century BC.
Srem (Serbian Cyrillic: Срем) and Srijem are used to designate the region in Serbia and Croatia respectively.[3] Other names for the region include:
- Latin: Syrmia or Sirmium
- Hungarian: Szerémség, Szerém, or Szerémország
- German: Syrmien
- Slovak: Sriem
- Rusyn: Срим
- Romanian: Sirmia
History
Prehistory
Between 3000 BC and 2400 BC, Syrmia was at the centre of Indo-European Vučedol culture.[4]
Roman era
Early Middle Ages
In the 6th century, Syrmia was part of the
At the beginning of the 11th century, the ruler of Syrmia was Duke
Late Middle Ages
In the 13th century, the region was controlled by the Kingdom of Hungary. On 3 March 1229, the acquisition of Syrmia was confirmed by Papal bull. Pope Gregory IX wrote, "[Margaretha] soror…regis Ungarie [acquired] terram…ulterior Sirmia". In 1231, The Duke of Syrmia was Giletus. In the 1200s, the territory around Syrmia was divided into two counties: Syrmia in the east and Valkó (Vukovar) in the west.
In the 13th century, between 1282 and 1316, Syrmia was ruled by
In 1404, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor ceded part of Syrmia to Stefan Lazarević of Serbia.[9]
From 1459, the Hungarian kings endorsed the
Early modern period
In 1521, parts of Syrmia fell to the Ottomans and by 1538, the entire region was under Ottoman control. Between 1527 and 1530, Radoslav Čelnik ruled Syrmia as an Ottoman vassal. The area of Ottoman administration in Syrmia was known as the Sanjak of Syrmia.
In 1699, the
At the end of the Austro-Russian-Turkish War of 1735–1739, there was a migration of Albanians from the Kelmendi tribe to Syrmia, who were recorded as speaking Albanian as late as 1921.[12]
In 1745, the
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Szerém and Valkó counties, 1370
-
Duchy of Syrmia of Radoslav Čelnik, 1527 to 1530
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Sanjak of Syrmia, 1568 to 1571
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Habsburg-Ottoman frontier in Syrmia, 1699
19th century
In 1807, the
In 1848, most of Syrmia was part of the temporary
After 1860, the
20th century
On 29 October 1918, Syrmia became a part of the newly independent
From 1918 to 1922, Syrmia remained within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and from 1922 to 1929, Syrmia was a province (oblast). In 1929, after a new territorial division, Syrmia was divided between Danube Banovina and Drina Banovina, in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and in 1931, it was divided between Danube Banovina and Sava Banovina. In 1939, the western part of Syrmia was included into the newly formed Banovina of Croatia.
In 1941, Syrmia was occupied by the
In 1991, Croatia declared
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Serbian Voivodship, 1848
-
TheCounty of Syrmia within Croatia-Slavonia, 1881
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Liberated partisan territory, late 1942
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Memorial Complex to the Syrmian Front
Demographics
In 2002, the population of Syrmia in
Geography
The majority of Syrmia is located in the
Borders
The present international border of the region of Syrmia was drawn in 1945 by the Đilas commission. It divided the Yugoslav constituent republic of Croatia and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, itself part of Serbia, within Yugoslavia.
Bordering regions
- Bačka to the north
- Banat to the east
- Šumadija the south-east
- Mačva to the south
- Semberija to the south-west
- rivers.
Cities
List of cities in Syrmia (with population):
- Serbia
- Belgrade city region
- Vojvodina
- Sremska Mitrovica (39,041)
- Ruma (32,125)
- Inđija (26,244)
- Stara Pazova (18,628)
- Šid (16,301)
- Petrovaradin (13,917)
- Sremska Kamenica (11,140)
- Sremski Karlovci (8,839)
- Beočin (8,037)
- Irig (4,854)
- Croatia
Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Sremski Karlovci and Beočin are geographically located in Syrmia, but they are part of South Bačka District.
Municipalities
Municipalities in Serbian Syrmia:
The Syrmian villages of Neštin and Vizić are part of the municipality of Bačka Palanka, the main part of which is in Bačka. Several settlements that are part of the municipality of Sremska Mitrovica are located in Syrmia in Mačva.
Municipalities and villages in Croatian Syrmia:
Mountains
Syrmia's principal mountain is Fruška Gora. Its highest peak is Crveni Čot at 539 m.
See also
- Srem District
- Methodius Stratiev
- Vukovar-Syrmia County
- Syrmia County
- Sanjak of Syrmia
- Kingdom of Srem
- Theme of Sirmium
- Sirmium
- Vojvodina
- Slavonia
- Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Srem
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Srijem
References
- ^ Stewart Traill, Thomas (1860). The Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 20. Little, Brown, & Company. p. 327.
- ISBN 9781606065334.
- ISBN 9789633863923.
- ^ Syrmia, vjesnik.hr; accessed 13 April 2015.
- ISBN 9789004203594.
- ^ Ćirković 2004.
- ^ Veselinović R. Istorija Srpske pravoslavne crkve sa narodnom istorijom I Belgrade, 1969. p. 18
- ^ Grujić R. Pravoslavna Srpska crkva, Kragujevac, 1989, p22.
- ISBN 9783412074845.
- ISBN 0300055420, 9780300055429 Accessed at Google Books 3 August 2016.
- ^ Ingrao, Samardžić & Pešalj 2011, p. 193.
- ^ Karl Gottlieb von Windisch: On the Kelmendi in Syrmia
- ^ "Establishment and Organisation of Counties in Eastern Croatia from 1745-1848". Glasnik arhiva Slavonije i Baranje. 6: 34. 2001.
The empress Maria Theresa renewed in 1745 three Slavonian counties: the Virovitica county with the centre in Osijek, the Požega county with the centre in Požega and the Syrmia county with the centre in Vukovar.
- ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 160.
- ISBN 9781788317085.
- ISBN 9783853695784.
..die Einverleibung der seit dem 18.11.1849 zur [Serbisch] Vojvodschaft gehörenden syrmischen Bezirke Ruma und Ilok
- ISBN 978-0-230-29048-8.
- ISBN 9789655727272.
- ISBN 86-84433-51-3
- ^ Census Archived 2006-05-01 at the Wayback Machine
Sources
- ISBN 9781405142915.
- Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. London & New York: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850439776.
- ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- ISBN 0472025600.
- Ingrao, Charles; Samardžić, Nikola; Pešalj, Jovan, eds. (2011). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
- Коматина, Ивана; Коматина, Предраг (2018). "Византијски и угарски Срем од X до XIII века" [The Byzantine and Hungarian Syrmia in the 10th-13th Centuries]. Зборник радова Византолошког института (in Serbian). 55: 141–164.
- Komatina, Predrag (2010). "The Slavs of the mid-Danube basin and the Bulgarian expansion in the first half of the 9th century" (PDF). Зборник радова Византолошког института. 47: 55–82.
- Petar Milošević (1981). Srem u prošlosti. Novinsko-izdavačka radna organizacija "Sremske novine.".
- Žarko Atanacković (1968). Srem u narodnooslobodilačkom ratu i socijalističkoj revoluciji. Šimanovci, Mesna zajednica-Mesni odbor SUB NOR-a.
- Đorđe Cvejić; Jovan Babović; Miodrag Živković (1982). Srem u samoupravnoj socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji 1945-1981. NIO Poslovna politika.
- Slavko Gavrilović (1979). Srem od kraja XVII do sredine XVIII veka. Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, Institut za istoriju.
- Mihailo Dinić. Sredjnevekovni Srem.
- Миодраг Матицки (2007). Срем кроз векове: слојеви култура Фрушке горе и Срема : зборник радова. Вукова Задужбина. ISBN 978-86-902961-5-6.
- Слободан Ћурчић (2012). Атлас насеља Војводине: Срем. Матица српска. ISBN 978-86-7946-108-7.
- Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018). From Nicopolis to Mohács: A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare, 1389-1526. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9789004375659.
- Pešalj, Jovan (2010). "Early 18th-Century Peacekeeping: How Habsburgs and Ottomans Resolved Several Border Disputes after Karlowitz". Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829. Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 29–42. ISBN 9783643106117.
- Radojević, Mira (1992). "Sporazum Cvetković-Maček i pitanje razgraničenja u Sremu" (PDF). Istorija 20. Veka: Časopis Instituta za savremenu istoriju. 10 (1–2): 61–72.
- Radojević, Mira (1996). "Srpsko-hrvatski spor oko Vojvodine 1918-1941" (PDF). Istorija 20. Veka: Časopis Instituta za savremenu istoriju. 14 (2): 39–73.
External links
- Media related to Syrmia at Wikimedia Commons