Syrmia

Coordinates: 45°10′12″N 19°17′17″E / 45.170°N 19.288°E / 45.170; 19.288
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Map of the Syrmia region

Syrmia (

Fruška gora
mountain stretching along the Danube in its northern part.

Etymology

Srem coat of arms

The word "Syrmia" is derived from the ancient city of Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica).[1][2] Sirmium was a Celtic or Illyrian town founded in the third century BC.

Srem (Serbian Cyrillic: Срем) and Srijem are used to designate the region in Serbia and Croatia respectively.[3] Other names for the region include:

History

Map of Indo-European Vučedol culture centred in Syrmia (3000-2400 BC).
Ancient Indo-European peoples in Syrmia.

Prehistory

Between 3000 BC and 2400 BC, Syrmia was at the centre of Indo-European Vučedol culture.[4]

Roman era

Ancient Roman cities in Syrmia

Probus (276-282), Maximianus Herculius (285-310), Constantius II (337-361) and Gratian (367-383).[citation needed
]

Early Middle Ages

In the 6th century, Syrmia was part of the

Principality of Lower Pannonia, but during the 10th century it became a battleground between Hungarians, Bulgarians, and Serbs.[6]

At the beginning of the 11th century, the ruler of Syrmia was Duke

Battle of Syrmia (1167)
. Byzantine rule ended in 1180, when Syrmia was taken again by the Hungarians.

Late Middle Ages

In the 13th century, the region was controlled by the Kingdom of Hungary. On 3 March 1229, the acquisition of Syrmia was confirmed by Papal bull. Pope Gregory IX wrote, "[Margaretha] soror…regis Ungarie [acquired] terram…ulterior Sirmia". In 1231, The Duke of Syrmia was Giletus. In the 1200s, the territory around Syrmia was divided into two counties: Syrmia in the east and Valkó (Vukovar) in the west.

In the 13th century, between 1282 and 1316, Syrmia was ruled by

Stefan Vladislav II (1316–1325). In 1324, Vladislav II was defeated by Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Rascia
. Lower Syrmia became the subject of dispute between the Kingdoms of Rascia and Hungary.

Realm of Stefan Dragutin
Realms of Stefan Dragutin and Ugrin Csák

In 1404, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor ceded part of Syrmia to Stefan Lazarević of Serbia.[9]

From 1459, the Hungarian kings endorsed the

Laurence of Ilok, Duke of Syrmia (1477 to 1524), who reigned over large parts of the region from Ilok
.

Early modern period

In 1521, parts of Syrmia fell to the Ottomans and by 1538, the entire region was under Ottoman control. Between 1527 and 1530, Radoslav Čelnik ruled Syrmia as an Ottoman vassal. The area of Ottoman administration in Syrmia was known as the Sanjak of Syrmia.

In 1699, the

Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18, remainder of Syrmia was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier.[11]

At the end of the Austro-Russian-Turkish War of 1735–1739, there was a migration of Albanians from the Kelmendi tribe to Syrmia, who were recorded as speaking Albanian as late as 1921.[12]

In 1745, the

County of Syrmia was established as part of the Habsburgs' Kingdom of Slavonia.[13] During the Austro-Turkish War (1788-1791), there were émigrés from Serbia who settled in Syrmia.[14]

19th century

Coat of arms of the Syrmia county of Austria-Hungary

In 1807, the

Tican's Rebellion, a Syrmian peasant uprising, occurred on Ruma estate and in the village of Voganj in Ilok
estate.

In 1848, most of Syrmia was part of the temporary

Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat was created, comprising Northern Syrmia, including Ilok and Ruma.[15][16]

After 1860, the

County of Syrmia was re-established and returned to the Kingdom of Slavonia. In 1868, the Kingdom of Slavonia became part of Croatia-Slavonia
in the Kingdom of Hungary.

20th century

Coat of arms of Vojvodina of Serbia with the Coat of arms of Syrmia

On 29 October 1918, Syrmia became a part of the newly independent

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
.

From 1918 to 1922, Syrmia remained within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and from 1922 to 1929, Syrmia was a province (oblast). In 1929, after a new territorial division, Syrmia was divided between Danube Banovina and Drina Banovina, in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and in 1931, it was divided between Danube Banovina and Sava Banovina. In 1939, the western part of Syrmia was included into the newly formed Banovina of Croatia.

In 1941, Syrmia was occupied by the

People's Republic of Croatia
.

In 1991, Croatia declared

Areas of Special State Concern
.

Demographics

Serb soldier in Syrmia, 1742

In 2002, the population of Syrmia in

Serb. In 2001, the population of the Croatian Vukovar-Srijem county was 204,768.[20] The census showed, that Croats made up 78.3% of total population, Serbs 15.5%, Hungarians 1%, Rusyns
0.9% and others.

Geography

The majority of Syrmia is located in the

Vukovar-Syrmia County
in Croatia.

Borders

Srem District in Vojvodina
Vukovar-Srijem county
within Croatia

The present international border of the region of Syrmia was drawn in 1945 by the Đilas commission. It divided the Yugoslav constituent republic of Croatia and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, itself part of Serbia, within Yugoslavia.

Montenegrin and then a confidant of Josip Broz Tito, drew the border according to demographic criteria, which explains why the town of Ilok on the Danube, with a Croat majority, lies east of Šid in Serbia, with a Serb majority. The border drawn in 1945 was very similar to the 1931-1939 border between the Danube Banovina and the Sava Banovina within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
.

Bordering regions

Cities

Map showing cities and towns in Serbian part of Syrmia.

List of cities in Syrmia (with population):

Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Sremski Karlovci and Beočin are geographically located in Syrmia, but they are part of South Bačka District.

Municipalities

Municipalities in Serbian Syrmia:

The Syrmian villages of Neštin and Vizić are part of the municipality of Bačka Palanka, the main part of which is in Bačka. Several settlements that are part of the municipality of Sremska Mitrovica are located in Syrmia in Mačva.

Municipalities and villages in Croatian Syrmia:

Mountains

Syrmia's principal mountain is Fruška Gora. Its highest peak is Crveni Čot at 539 m.

See also

References

  1. ^ Stewart Traill, Thomas (1860). The Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 20. Little, Brown, & Company. p. 327.
  2. .
  3. .
  4. ^ Syrmia, vjesnik.hr; accessed 13 April 2015.
  5. .
  6. ^ Ćirković 2004.
  7. ^ Veselinović R. Istorija Srpske pravoslavne crkve sa narodnom istorijom I Belgrade, 1969. p. 18
  8. ^ Grujić R. Pravoslavna Srpska crkva, Kragujevac, 1989, p22.
  9. .
  10. , 9780300055429 Accessed at Google Books 3 August 2016.
  11. ^ Ingrao, Samardžić & Pešalj 2011, p. 193.
  12. ^ Karl Gottlieb von Windisch: On the Kelmendi in Syrmia
  13. ^ "Establishment and Organisation of Counties in Eastern Croatia from 1745-1848". Glasnik arhiva Slavonije i Baranje. 6: 34. 2001. The empress Maria Theresa renewed in 1745 three Slavonian counties: the Virovitica county with the centre in Osijek, the Požega county with the centre in Požega and the Syrmia county with the centre in Vukovar.
  14. ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 160.
  15. .
  16. . ..die Einverleibung der seit dem 18.11.1849 zur [Serbisch] Vojvodschaft gehörenden syrmischen Bezirke Ruma und Ilok
  17. .
  18. .
  19. ^ Census Archived 2006-05-01 at the Wayback Machine

Sources

External links

  • Media related to Syrmia at Wikimedia Commons

45°10′12″N 19°17′17″E / 45.170°N 19.288°E / 45.170; 19.288

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