Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine
The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) is a systematic, computer-processable collection of
Versions of SNOMED released prior to 2001 were based on a multiaxial,
In 2002 the first release of SNOMED CT adopted a completely different structure. A sub-type hierarchy, supported by defining relationships based on description logic, replaced the axes described in this article. Versions of SNOMED prior to SNOMED CT are planned to be formally deprecated from 2017.[5] Therefore, readers interested in current information about SNOMED are directed to the article on SNOMED CT.
Purpose
SNOMED was designed as a comprehensive nomenclature of clinical medicine for the purpose of accurately storing and/or retrieving records of clinical care in human and veterinary medicine. The metaphor used by
History
SNOMED was originally conceived by Côté as an extension of the design of the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP) applicable for all medicine. SNOP was originally designed by Arnold Pratt to describe pathological specimens according to their morphology and anatomy (topography). The ambitious development of SNOMED required many more axes (see multi-axial design, below). SNOMED was jointly proposed for development to the
Brief timeline:
- 1965 SNOP
- 1974 SNOMED
- 1979 SNOMED II
- 1993 SNOMED International 3.0
- 1995 SNOMED Microglossary of Signs and Symptoms
- 1993-98 SNOMED International versions 3.1-3.5
- 2002 First release of SNOMED CT
- 2007 All versions of SNOMED acquired by IHTSDO
- 2017 All SNOMED versions except IHTSDO
Reference ontology
SNOMED was designed from its inception with complex concepts defined in terms of simpler ones. For example, a disease can be defined in terms of its abnormal anatomy, abnormal functions and morphology. In some cases, the etiology of the disease is known and can be attributed to an infectious agent, a physical trauma or a chemical or pharmaceutical agent.[citation needed]
Multi-axial design
The current concept uses eleven (11) axes that comprise terms organised in hierarchical trees. The axes and some examples are provided below:
T (Topography) – Anatomic terms
M (Morphology) – Changes found in cells, tissues and organs
- (M-40000) Inflammation
- (M-44000) Granuloma
- (M-54700) Infarcted
- (M-54701) Microscopic infarct
For the Morphology axis, SNOMED has agreed to collaborate and use the same harmonized codes shared with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Additional examples on topology are provided on that page.
L (Living organisms) – Bacteria and viruses
- (L-21801) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- (L-25116) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C (Chemical) – Drugs
- (C-C137A)
- (C-C137B)
F (Function) – Signs and symptoms
- (F-03003) Fever
J (Occupation) – Terms that describe the occupation
- Kindergarten teacher (13420)
- Computer programmer (08420)
- Doctor (06105)
- Professional Nurse (General) (07110)
- Beautician (57040)
D (Diagnosis) – Diagnostic terms
- (D-13510) Pneumococcal pneumonia
- (D-14800) Tuberculosis
- (D3-15000) Myocardial infarction
P (Procedure) – Administrative, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
A (Physical agents, forces, activities) – Devices and activities associated with the disease
S (Social context) – Social conditions and important relationships in medicine
- (S-10120) Mother
G (General) – Syntactic linkages and qualifiers
See also
- Diagnosis code
- Drug class
- DOCLE
- Medical classification
- SNOMED CT
- Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities(MedDRA)
- Pathology Messaging Implementation Project
References
- ^ PMC 2245000.
- ^ "SNOMED Clinical Terms To Be Added To UMLS Metathesaurus". United States National Library of Medicine. 24 May 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ "FAQs: SNOMED CT in the UMLS". United States National Library of Medicine. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- S2CID 40288411.
- ^ Deprecation of Antecedent Versions of SNOMED by IHTSDO General Assembly