Television in France

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Télévision Numérique Terrestre
)

Colour television was introduced in October 1967 on La Deuxième Chaîne
.

Digital terrestrial television

TNT logo.

The digital terrestrial television platform was launched on 31 March 2005 after a short testing period. Like Freeview in the UK, it provides many new channels, as well as the current terrestrial television stations. Like the rest of Europe, France uses the DVB-T transmission technology.

The 13 first digital free channels were launched on 31 March 2005. In October, 4 additional free channels were added: the 24h news channels

Canal+ Cinéma, AB1, Planète, TF6, Canal J, LCI and Eurosport
.

Regional channels started to launch on the TNT in 2007.

Due to the unsuccess of the pay-DTT, the terrestrial broadcast was abandoned by AB1 in October 2008 and Canal J on 30 April 2009.

On 14 December 2010, the CSA selected CFoot to relaunch a pay terrestrial channel. This channel was owned by the Ligue de Football Professionnel, to raise the stakes of French football leagues, and was launched in July 2011 on the LCN 34 of the TNT (formerly assigned to AB1). With the arrival of BeIN Sports, CFoot closed on 31 May 2012. In addition, TPS Star closed in the same month.

TF1 and M6 closed their pay channel

Discovery
.

By 2012, the digital terrestrial television services were expected to cover at least 95% of the French metropolitan population. Five

H.264 format. In September 2005, pay television channels were launched that use the MPEG-4 format, unlike most of Europe, which uses MPEG-2
.

H.264
and DD+ to enjoy HD channels.

) also terminated all analog broadcasts on the same day.

DTT transition

By 2008, 34% of the French population was using analogue TV as an only reception mode. The next year, the city of Coulommiers switched to digital-only TV, serving as a test city for TDF. By the end of 2009, analog TV was shut off in the Nord Cotentin, and TDF reported no major reception problems. Citizens in DTT test zones were informed that analog TV would shut down by early 2009, and consequently they adapted their installation.

For the rest of the country, the shut-off progressed by regions, more precisely France 3 regions. It means that every transmitters broadcasting France 3 Méditerranée Provence-Alpes went digital-terrestrial on the same date, another date for those that broadcast France 3 Bourgogne Franche-Comté. The analog shut-off occurred in 2010 in the north; the south was the last to phase out analog television broadcasts.

For three months before shutting down an analogue transmitter, it transmitted the DTT

marquee
on analog channels warning the viewer that they would no longer receive TV if they did not switch to digital. To help people installing their DTT reception equipment, the French government created "France Télé Numérique". It made didactic videos, television advertisements, and went through the local markets, to meet people and solve their problems regarding DTT reception.

Elderly people and those with restricted financial conditions, received help from the French government; so that they could switch to DTT easily.

The most common adapters sold in the market only decode MPEG-2 and have only one

modulator
, and a SCART to RCA adaptor is often needed to feed the modulator with the signal. The solution recommended by France Télé Numérique is just to buy a new TV set instead of using a modulator.

On 30 October 2008, the TNT HD was launched with four national channels: TF1, France 2, M6 and Arte.

On 8 June 2010, the overseas France dedicated channel France Ô became available nationally on TNT channel 19, taking the vacant frequencies of the pay channel AB1 which left the pay-DTT. Before, it was available locally in Île-de-France starting from 24 September 2007.

On 30 November 2010, the digital terrestrial television launched in Overseas France, with 8 public channels: La Première, France 2, France 3, France 4, France 5, France Ô, Arte and France 24 (replaced by France Info on 8 April 2019). Most territories also have up to three local private channels.

On 12 December 2012, six new HD national channels were launched (

Numéro 23, RMC Découverte and Chérie 25
).

On 5 April 2016, the Metropolitan France fully transitioned to

HDTV for almost all channels, and LCI
became free-to-air.

On 1 September 2016, France Télévisions launched its news channel France Info on channel 27. France Ô was downgraded to SD to make place for France Info.

France Ô closed on 24 August 2020. France Info was upgraded to HD in Metropolitan France, and La Première were upgraded to HD in Overseas France.

On 1 February 2021, France Télévisions launched

Culturebox [fr] on channel 19, to promote cultural events during the COVID-19 pandemic. France 4
and France Info were downgraded to SD to make room on the multiplex. On 1 May, Culturebox starts timesharing with France 4, which upgraded to HD with France Info.

DTT on satellite

TNT channels are also available for reception by satellite, broadcast from the

hypermarkets
. The Franco-German channel
arte is available free-to-air at

During the

beIN Sports
.

Other technologies

Most

DSL coverage. The main IPTV providers are Orange, SFR, Free and Bouygues Telecom
.

French cable providers France Telecom Cable, Noos SA and UPC France SA and

IPTV using FTLA
approach EuroDocsis 3.0 compatible set top boxes.

Digital satellite television in

CanalSat launched its first HD channel (Canal+ HD). Télévision Par Satellite and CanalSat have merged in 2007, leaving Nouveau Canalsat and Bis Télévisions as the two main competitors for the satellite television
market in the country.

Media groups

Dominant groups

Four companies dominate the French TV market :

Other important groups

Minor group

Market shares by groups in 2022

Viewing shares

Yearly viewing shares in 2022 (not including subscription channels):[1]

Culturebox since May 3, 2021[2]
and is no longer counted in the ratings.

Canal Channel Position Owner Theme(s) Share of
total viewing (%)
in 2022
Evolution in

comparison

to 2021 (%)

1 TF1 1 TF1 Group General programs 18.7 -1.0
2 France 2 2 France Télévisions (state-owned) General programs 14.8 +0.1
3 France 3 3 France Télévisions (state-owned) General programs, Regional 9.4 =
6 M6 4 M6 Group General programs 8.4 -0.7
5 France 5 5 France Télévisions (state-owned) General programs, Culture, Family 3.6 +0.3
10 TMC 7 TF1 Group General programs 3.0 =
8
C8
9 Canal+ Group General programs, Entertainment 2.8 +0.2
7 Arte 8 Arte (state-owned) Culture 2.9 =
9 W9 10 M6 Group General programs, Music 2.3 -0.2
15 BFM TV 6
NextRadioTV
24/7 news 3.3 +0.4
24 RMC Découverte 12
NextRadioTV
Documentaries 1.9 -0.1
11 TFX 17 TF1 Group Entertainment, Reality TV 1.5 =
20 TF1 Séries Films 14 TF1 Group Fiction, Movies 1.7 -0.2
22 6ter 16
M6 Group
Family 1.6 +0.1
14
Culturebox
- France Télévisions (state-owned) General programs, Entertainment, Youth (France 4) /Culture (Culturebox) Uncounted -
12 NRJ 12 22 NRJ Group General programs, Reality TV 1.1 -0.1
18 Gulli 20 M6 Group Family/Children 1.2 =
21 L'Équipe 18
Amaury Group
Sports 1.5 +0.2
23 RMC Story 13
NextRadioTV
General programs, Diversity 1.9 +0.3
4
Canal+
21
Canal+ Group
General programs, Movies 1.2 +0.1
17
CStar
23
Canal+ Group
Music 1.1 =
25 Chérie 25 19 NRJ Group Women, Movies 1.3 +0.1
26 LCI 15 TF1 Group 24/7 news 1.7 +0.6
16 CNews 11
Canal+ Group
24/7 news 2.1 +0.1
27 franceinfo: 24 France Télévisions, Radio France,

INA, France Médias Monde (state-owned)

24/7 news 0.9 +0.2
19 Vacant (formerly France Ô) - - - - -
13 LCP-Public Sénat - French Parliament Politics, News Uncounted -

French programming

Universal Channel

France 2

13ème Rue

See also

References

  1. ^ "Audiences annuelles 2022 : TF1, historiquement faible mais leader devant France 2, M6 à son plus bas depuis 1992". ozap.com (in French). 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
  2. ^ "Culturebox : la chaîne éphémère de France Télévisions qui soutient la culture est prolongée". www.service-public.fr (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-18.