Türbe

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the village in Bosnia and Herzegovina, see Turbe, Travnik.
Gazi Husrev-beg (1480–1541) at the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque in Sarajevo
Earlier and more eastern examples have straight-sided roofs rather than domes, a Persian style. Divriği, Sivas Province, in central eastern Turkey. ?13th century.
The Grand Vizier's türbes in the heart of Travnik
Momine Khatun Mausoleum in Nakhchivan (1186–1187)

Türbe refers to a Muslim mausoleum, tomb or grave often in the Turkish-speaking areas and for the mausolea of Ottoman sultans, nobles and notables. A typical türbe is located in the grounds of a mosque or complex, often endowed by the deceased. However, some are more closely integrated into surrounding buildings.

Many are relatively small buildings, often domed and

hexagonal or octagonal
in shape, containing a single chamber. More minor türbes are usually kept closed although the interior can be sometimes be glimpsed through metal grilles over the windows or door. The exterior is typically masonry, perhaps with tiled decoration over the doorway, but the interior often contains large areas of painted tilework, which may be of the highest quality.

Inside, the body or bodies repose in plain

inscription
, which are, or were originally, covered by rich cloth drapes. Usually these sarcophagi are symbolic, and the actual body lies below the floor. At the head of the tomb a wooden pole was sometimes surmounted by a white cloth Ottoman turban (for men) or by a turban carved in stone.

Earlier examples often had two or more storeys, following the example of the

türbe there while the rest of his body was carried back to his capital at Bursa
to be buried in a second türbe.

Etymology

The word is derived from the Arabic تُرْبَة turbah (meaning "soil/ground/earth"), which can also mean a mausoleum, but more often a funerary complex, or a plot in a cemetery.[1]

Famous türbes

Hürrem Sultan (died 1558) at the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul
, showing tiling, draped sarcophagi, one empty turban pole, and one with a turban (protected by plastic wrapping)
Kalemegdan fortress. Note the hexagonal
base.
Shaban-i Veli, Sufi master of the Halveti tariqa, in Kastamonu

Istanbul is home to the türbes of most of the Ottoman sultans as well as to many of the grand viziers and other notables. Turkey also has türbes associated with several Sufi saints of the Ottoman Empire.

Süleymaniye Mosque complex

The

Hürrem Sultan, with some extremely fine tilework. In a street close to the complex is the small türbe of its famous architect Mimar Sinan
, in what was his garden.

Konya

In

Kümbets
.

Bursa

The Ottoman capital before the conquest of

Yeşil Türbe (Green Türbe), a large three-story tower in the grounds of the Yeşil Mosque, houses the beautifully tiled sarcophagus of Mehmed I
. Much of its exterior is covered with plain blue tiles, despite the name of the tomb suggesting that they are green.

Bulgaria

In Bulgaria, the heptagonal türbes of dervish saints such as Kıdlemi Baba, Ak Yazılı Baba,

Alevi
pilgrims from throughout Turkey.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

At the peak of the

Gazi Husrev-beg Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, became one of the biggest and most important Ottoman cities in the Balkans after Istanbul, with the largest marketplace (modern day Baščaršija), and numerous mosques, which by the middle of the 16th century numbered more than 100. By 1660, the population of Sarajevo was estimated to be over 80,000. Husrev-beg greatly shaped the physical city, as most of what is now the Old Town was built during his reign. The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque (Bosnian: Gazi Husrev-begova Džamija, Turkish: Gazi Hüsrev Bey Camii), is a mosque in Sarajevo historic marketplace Baščaršija, and it was built in 16th century. It is the largest historical mosque in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most representative Ottoman structures
in the Balkans. Gazi Husrev-beg's turbe is located in the mosque courtyard.

Travnik, in modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, became the capital of the Ottoman province of Bosnia and residence of the Bosnian viziers after 1699, when Sarajevo was set ablaze by Prince Eugene of Savoy. The Grand Viziers were sometimes buried in Travnik, and türbe shrines were erected in their honour in the heart of Old town of Travnik, where they stand today.

Hungary

The türbe of Idrisz Baba stands in

Ottoman architecture
in Hungary.

Not much is known about the Turkish person entombed in the türbe of Idrisz Baba; however, he was considered to be a holy man with the power to work miracles. It was later used as a storage facility for gunpowder. The türbe has been furnished with a mausoleum, embroidered sheet, and prayer mat by the Turkish government. Both the türbe of Idrisz Baba and the türbe of Gül Baba are places of pilgrimage for Muslims.[3]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Meri, 270
  2. ^ Lewis, p. 7.
  3. ^ "Tourist".

References

External links

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