Tabasaran language
Tabasaran | |
---|---|
табасаран чIал tabasaran ç̇al | |
Native to | North Caucasus |
Region | Southern Dagestan |
Ethnicity | Tabasarans |
Native speakers | 126,900 (2010 census)[1] |
Official status | |
Official language in | Russia |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | tab |
Glottolog | taba1259 |
ELP | Tabasaran |
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a
Tabasaran is an
Geographical distribution
It is spoken in the basin of Upper Rubas-nir and Upper Chirakh-nir.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Post-alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Epiglottal
|
Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | plain | labial
| |||||||
Nasal | m | n
|
||||||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiced | b | d
|
d͡z | d͡ʒ | d͡ʒʷ | ɡ | ɢ | ||
voiceless
|
p | t
|
t͡s | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃʷ | k | q | ʔ | ||
fortis | pː | tː
|
t͡sː | t͡ʃː | t͡ʃːʷ | kː | qː | |||
ejective | pʼ | tʼ
|
t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃʷʼ | kʼ | qʼ | |||
Fricative | voiceless
|
f | s | ʃ | ʃʷ | x | ʜ | |||
fortis | fː | sː | ʃː | ʃːʷ | xː | |||||
voiced | v | z | ʒ | ʒʷ | ɣ | ʢ | ɦ | |||
Approximant | l
|
j | ||||||||
Trill | r
|
The post-alveolar sibilants may be
Vowels
Front | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | ||
Close | i | y | u |
Mid | ɛ | ||
Open | æ | ɑ |
Vowel sounds of Tabasaran are [i, y, ɛ, æ, ɑ, u].
Writing system
Tabasaran is written using Cyrillic since 1938 (from 1928 to 1938 the Latin alphabet was used as a base for the Tabasaran writing system).
Letter | IPA |
---|---|
А а | /ɑ/ |
Аь аь | /æ/ |
Б б | /b/ |
В в | /v/ |
Г г | /ɡ/ |
Гг гг | /ɣ/ |
Гъ гъ | /ʕ/ |
Гь гь | /h/ |
Д д | /d/ |
Е е | /ɛ/, /jɛ/ |
Ё ё | /jo/ |
Ж ж | /ʒ/, /dʒ/ |
Жв жв | /ʒʷ/ |
З з | /z/, /dz/ |
И и | /i/ |
Й й | /j/ |
К к | /kʰ/ |
Кк кк | /kː/ |
Къ къ | /qːʰ/ |
Кь кь | /qʼ/ |
Кӏ кӏ | /kʼ/ |
Л л | /l/ |
М м | /m/ |
Н н | /n/ |
О о | /o/ |
П п | /pʰ/ |
ПП пп | /pː/ |
Пӏ пӏ | /pʼ/ |
Р р | /r/ |
С с | /s/ |
Т т | /tʰ/ |
Тт тт | /tː/ |
Тӏ тӏ | /tʼ/ |
У у | /u/ |
Уь уь | /y/ |
Ф ф | /f/ |
Х х | /ɦ/ |
Хъ хъ | /qʰ/ |
Хь хь | /x/ |
Ц ц | /tsʰ/ |
Цц цц | /tsːʰ/ |
Цӏ цӏ | /tsʼ/ |
Ч ч | /tʃʰ/ |
Чв чв | /tʃʷʰ/ |
Чч чч | /tʃːʰ/ |
Чӏ чӏ | /tʃʼ/ |
Ш ш | /ʃ/ |
Шв шв | /ʃʷ/ |
Щ щ | /ɕ/ |
Ъ ъ | /ʔ/ |
Ы ы | /ɨ/ |
Ь ь | |
Э э | /ɛ/ |
Ю ю | /y/, /ju/ |
Я я | /æ/, /jɑ/ |
Note: The letters indicated in orange are encountered only in loanwords from Russian.
Grammar
It is highly probable that Tabasaran is [
Tabasaran was listed in the
Samples
Uwu aldakurawu. "Уву алдакураву." — "You are falling."
Uzuz uwu kkunduzuz. "Узуз уву ккундузуз." — "I love you."
Uwu fudžuwa? "Уву фужува?" — "Who are you?"
Fici wuna? "Фици вуна?" — "How are you?"
Zakur
Uzu kana qheza. "Узу кана хъэза." — "I'll be back."
References
- ^ Tabasaran at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Consonant Systems of the North-East Caucasian Languages on TITUS DIDACTICA
- ^ Comrie, B. & Polinsky, M. (1998). The great Daghestanian case hoax (pdf).. See also Blake, Barry J. (2001). Case. Cambridge University Press.
- Chanmagomedov, B.G.-K. & K.T. Šalbuzov, Tabasaransko-russkij slovarʼ, Moskva: Ilim, 2001, ISBN 5-02-022620-3[Includes outline of Tabasaran grammar (Grammatičeskij očerk tabasaranskogo jazyka) by K.K. Kurbanov (p. 395-476)]
- Alekseev, Mixail E. and Sabrina X. Shixalieva. 2003. Tabasaranskij Jazyk. Moskva: Nauka.
External links
- Tabasaran dictionary online from IDS (select simple or advanced browsing)
- Entry in the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
- Sample text
- Description at Languages of the World Archived 2019-12-18 at the Wayback Machine
- Entry at the Rosetta Project
- Tabasaran basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- Tabasaran DoReCo corpus compiled by Natalia Bogomolova, Dmitry Ganenkov and Nils Norman Schiborr. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.