Taffeta

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Detail of a dress made of silk taffeta, c. 1880

Taffeta (archaically spelled taffety or taffata) is a crisp, smooth, plain woven fabric made from silk, nylon, cuprammonium rayons, acetate, or polyester. The word came into Middle English via Old French and Old Italian, which borrowed the Persian word tāfta (تافته), which means "silk" or "linen cloth".[1] As clothing, it is used in ball gowns, wedding dresses, and corsets, and in interior decoration for curtains or wallcovering. It tends to yield a stiff, starched-like cloth that holds its shape better than many other fabrics and does not sag or drape.[2][3]

Silk taffeta is of two types: yarn-dyed and piece-dyed. Piece-dyed taffeta is often used in linings and is quite soft. Yarn-dyed taffeta is much stiffer and is often used in evening dresses. Shot silk taffeta was one of the most highly-sought forms of Byzantine silk, and may have been the fabric known as purpura.[4]

Production

Modern taffeta was first woven in Italy and France and until the 1950s in Japan.

handlooms were widely used, but since the 1990s it has been produced on mechanical looms in the Bangalore area. From the 1970s until the 1990s, the Jiangsu
province of China produced fine silk taffetas: these were less flexible than those from Indian mills, however, which continue to dominate production. Other countries in South-East and Western Asia also produce silk taffeta, but these products tend not yet to be equal in quality or competitiveness to those from India.

Historical and current uses

Pink taffeta evening coat designed by Sybil Connolly

Taffeta has seen use for purposes other than clothing fabric, including the following:

  • On November 4, 1782, taffeta was used by
    Joseph Montgolfier of France to construct a small, cube-shaped balloon. This was the beginning of many experiments using taffeta balloons by the Montgolfier brothers, and led to the first known human flight in a lighter-than-air craft.[6]
  • Synthetic fibre forms of taffeta have been used to simulate the structure of blood vessels.[7]
  • Tabby cats were so named in the 1600s because of their resemblance to a tabby, a type of striped silk taffeta.[8]
  • It was associated with
    Twelfth Night, or What You Will
    , "The tailor make thy doublet of changeable taffeta, for thy mind is a very opal."
  • Marceline is a related fabric.

See also

References

  1. ^ "The American Heritage Dictionary entry: taffeta". www.ahdictionary.com. HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  2. ISBN 9781440223426
    .
  3. ISBN 9780199571123
    .
  4. ISBN 0-7190-0926-X
    (US edn. Cornell, 1985)
  5. ISBN 9783822812068
    .
  6. ISBN 9780691641157
    .
  7. PMID 13467673
    .
  8. ^ "Entry for tabby". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  9. ^ David Scott Kastan (ed.). William Shakespeare. King Henry IV, Part 1. Arden Shakespeare Third Series. London: Thompson Learning, 2002, 150.
  • Dictionary of Textiles, Louis Harmuth. New York: Fairchild Publishing Company, 1915, p. 184 (reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, 2010,
    ISBN 978-1-161-77823-6
    )
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