Tagetes patula
French marigold | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Tagetes |
Species: | T. patula
|
Binomial name | |
Tagetes patula | |
Synonyms[1][2] | |
Tagetes patula, the French marigold,
Some authorities regard Tagetes patula as a synonym of Tagetes erecta, the Mexican marigold.[6]
Name
The Latin specific epithet patula means “with a spreading habit”.[7]
Description
Tagetes patula is an
Cultivation
This plant is valued for its velvet-textured, brightly coloured blooms in shades of yellow, orange and brown in summer. It is shorter, and has a more spreading habit, than its relative the Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta). It is therefore more suitable as an edging plant in the open border.[10]
Moreau et al 2006 attempted to protect
Tagetes patula is frost intolerant, given a Royal Horticultural Society hardiness rating of H2, capable of surviving temperatures of 1–5 °C (34–41 °F) but killed by freezing temperatures.[13] They are grown by gardeners in moderately fertile, but well-drained soil in full sun with evenly moist conditions.[14]
Cultivars
Hundreds of cultivars have been developed, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-[15]
- 'Bonanza Flame'[16]
- Bonanza Series[17]
- 'Dainty Marietta'[18]
- 'Disco Orange'[19]
- 'Disco Yellow'[20]
- 'Fireball'[21]
- 'Hero Orange'[22]
- 'Honeycomb'[23]
- 'Queen Sophia'[24]
- 'Safari Mixture'[25]
- 'Safari Scarlet'[26]
- 'Safari Tangerine'[27]
- 'Tiger Eyes'[28]
- 'Yellow Jacket'[29]
- 'Zenith Golden Yellow'[30]
- 'Zenith Lemon Yellow'[31]
- 'Zenith Yellow'[32]
Other uses
Medicinal
Medicinally, many cultures use infusions from dried leaves or florets.
The essential oil is being investigated for antifungal activity, including treatment of candidiasis[34] and treating fungal infections in plants.[35][36]
Culinary
The dried and ground flower petals constitute a popular spice in the
Colouring
Tagetes patula florets are grown and harvested annually to add to poultry feed to help give the yolks a golden color. The florets can also be used to color human foods.[8] A golden yellow dye is used to color animal-based textiles (wool, silk) without a mordant, but a mordant is needed for cotton and synthetic textiles.[8]
Fragrance
The whole plant is harvested when in flower and distilled for its
Gallery
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French Marigold—October Birthday Flower—Tagetes patula
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Marigold flower
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Moth on flower
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Bunch of flowers
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On a plant pot
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Emerging flower
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Sprouting germ
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Sprouting shoots
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Flowerbed
References
- ^ "Tagetes patula". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
- ^ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. "PLANTS Database". Retrieved 2007-09-04.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tagetes patula". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ Rydberg, Per Axel 1913. in Britton, Nathaniel Lord, North American Flora 34: 154-155
- ^ "Tagetes patula". The Plant List. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ISBN 978-1845337315.
- ^ a b c d Soule, J. A. 1993. "The Biosystematics of Tagetes" Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas
- ^ "Tagetes patula (French Marigold) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
- ISBN 9781405332965.
- S2CID 85314072.
- S2CID 207102508.
- ^ "Tagetes patula - French marigold". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ MBG. "Tagetes patula". Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 100. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "Tagetes patula 'Bonanza Flame' (Bonanza Series)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Tagetes patula Bonanza Series". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Dainty Marietta'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Disco Orange'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Disco Yellow'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "Tagetes patula 'Fireball'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Hero Orange'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Honeycomb'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Queen Sophia'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Safari Mixture'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Safari Scarlet'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Safari Tangerine'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Tiger Eyes'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Tagetes patula 'Yellow Jacket'". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ "Tagetes 'Zenith Golden Yellow' (Zenith Series)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Tagetes 'Zenith Lemon Yellow' (Zenith Series)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Tagetes patula 'Zenith Yellow' (Zenith Series)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- S2CID 24672255.
- S2CID 19565277.
- PMID 15462529.
- S2CID 34734081.
- ^ Goldstein D. 1993 "The Georgian Feast" HarperCollins