Taiz
Taiz
ّتَعِز | |
---|---|
UTC+3 (Yemen Standard Time) |
Taiz (
Due to the
History
Medieval
The first reference to Taiz in historical sources dates back to the first half of the 12th century CE, when the sultan of the
The next historical reference to Taiz mentioned that Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi's minister, Prince Al-Mansur bin Al-Mufaddal bin Abi Al-Barakat, sold many of the country's castles and cities - except for the fortresses of Taiz and Sabr - to the ruler of Aden Al-Zari'i, the preacher Muhammad Ibn Saba, in exchange for one hundred thousand dinars.
Turan-Shah, the older brother of Saladin, ruled the city after he conquered Yemen in 1173 CE.[6] Turan-Shah built the citadel on the hill overlooking the old city.[7] In 1175 CE, Taiz was made the capital of Yemen as it was incorporated into dominions of the Ayyubid dynasty by Turan-Shah.
Taiz's expansion accelerated when the Rasulid dynasty, which ruled Yemen from 1229-1454, took over the city. The second
In 1332
We went on ... to the town of Taʻizz, the capital of the king of Yemen, and one of the finest and largest towns in that country. Its people are overbearing, insolent, and rude, as is generally the case in towns where kings reside. Taʻizz is made up of three quarters; the first is the residence of the king and his court, the second, called ʽUdayna, is the military station, and the third, called al-Mahálib, is inhabited by the commonalty, and contains the principal market.[10]
In 1500, the capital was moved to
20th century
In 1918 the Ottomans lost Taiz to the newly independent
Taiz remained a walled city until 1948, when Imam Ahmed made it the second capital of Yemen, allowing for expansion beyond its fortified wall.[11] In the 1960s, the first purified water system in Yemen was opened in Taiz. In 1962, state administrations moved back to Sana'a.
Yemeni uprising and war
During the
As part of the
The 2015 confrontation expanded into a
As of 2018, at least seven journalists had been killed in Taiz since the start of the war.[18]
The fighting has also devastated Taiz's architectural heritage: Cairo Citadel was damaged by airstrikes in 2015, and the Taiz Museum was shelled in 2016, causing its manuscripts to be destroyed.[5]
Geography
Climate
Taiz has a
Climate data for Taiz | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) |
26.4 (79.5) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.7 (63.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) |
12 (0.5) |
37 (1.5) |
68 (2.7) |
89 (3.5) |
73 (2.9) |
60 (2.4) |
89 (3.5) |
110 (4.3) |
91 (3.6) |
17 (0.7) |
5 (0.2) |
660 (26.2) |
Source 1: Hydrological Sciences[19] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Journal of Environmental Protection[20] |
Landmarks
The city has many old quarters, with houses that are typically built with brown bricks, and
Economy
Historically, the mountainous city of Taiz was known for coffee production. The Mocha coffee produced in Taiz was considered some of the finest in the region in the early 20th century.[22] Today, coffee remains a major part of the economy but mango, pomegranate, citrus, banana, papai, vegetables, cereals, onions, and qat are also grown in the surrounding landscapes.[23] Taiz is also known for its cheese. It is produced in rural areas like Araf, Awshaqh, Akhuz, Bargah, Barah, Jumah, Mukyas, Suayra, Kamb and Hajda and sold in Bab al-Kabeer and Bab Musa markets.[24][25] Industries in the city of Taiz include cotton-weaving, tanning and jewelry production.
However, since the outbreak of the civil war in 2015, Taiz's economy has been devastated by the fighting and the city's siege by Houthi rebels. Many goods are in short supply, and must be smuggled in across steep mountain roads to avoid sniper fire.[26]
Transport
Taiz has many road connections with the rest of the country. However, as of January 2023, most roads to and from Ta'iz are controlled by the
Zoo
Like
Notable people
- Tawakkol Karman , Yemeni Nobel Laureate, journalist, politician, and human rights activist.[30]
- Amat Al Alim Alsoswa, journalist and Yemen's first female ambassador
- Abdel Karim al-Khaiwani, politician and human rights activist
- Bushra al-Maqtari, writer and activist
- Ali al-Muqri, novelist
- Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, Yemeni prime minister
- Hisham Sharaf, Yemeni minister of foreign affairs
- Zayd Mutee' Dammaj, writer
See also
References
- ^ https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/taiz-population
- ^ https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/taiz-population
- ^ "Taiz Population 2023". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
- ^ a b "Warring Yemen parties carry out prisoner swap in front-line Taiz". Reuters. 2019-12-19. Retrieved 2019-12-20.
- ^ a b c "Old City of Ta'izz". World Monuments Fund. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- ISBN 9781108065696.
- ^ Steven C. Caton: Yemen. ABC-CLIO, 2013, p.52
- ISBN 9781468309980.
- ISBN 9-0040-9796-1.
- ^
H.A.R. Gibb, translator, Ibn Battúta: Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354, London, 1929, p. 108-109
- ^ Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1998). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: TAHRIR-TARDJAMA. Brill. p. 118.
- ^ "Rebels Seize Key Parts of Yemen's Third-Largest City, Taiz". The New York Times. 22 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ "UN warns of 'extreme' and 'irreversible' food shortage in Taiz". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
- ^ "#5060 - Yemeni MP Muhammad Muqbil Al-Himyari Breaks Down in Tears When Discussing Situation in Taiz, Yemen Suhail TV". Memritv. August 24, 2015.
- ^ "Transcript #5060 - Yemeni MP Muhammad Muqbil Al-Himyari Breaks Down in Tears When Discussing Situation in Taiz, Yemen". Memritv. August 24, 2015.
- ^ ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 2019-04-13.
- ^ ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-03-16.
- ^ Nasser, Afrah. "From the front lines of Yemen's lawless Taiz". Atlantic Council. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- ^ "Rainfall and Runoff in Yemen" (PDF). Hydrological Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ^ Al-Buhairi, Mahyoub H.; "Analysis of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperature Variability and Trends in Taiz City - Republic of Yemen"; in Journal of Environmental Protection, 2010 (1) ; pp. 401-409
- ISBN 978-0-7614-4850-1.
- ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Arabia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 83.
- ^ Yementourism.com, http://www.yementourism.com/services/touristguide/detail.php?ID=2044
- ^ "Say Yemeni Cheese!".
- ^ "Homepage".
- ^ Nasser, Afrah. "From the front lines of Yemen's lawless Taiz". Atlantic Council. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-3175-9810-7.
- Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah; Environment Protection Authority, pp. 66–69, retrieved 2019-05-05
- ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan (June 10, 2016). "'Imagine living and dying in such a small space': Zoo workers in Yemen are struggling to feed starving animals". Washington Post. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2011". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
External links
Media related to Ta'izz at Wikimedia Commons
- ArchNet.org. "Taizz". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 2008-05-05.