Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Tajik Socialist Soviet Republic (1929–1936) Ҷумҳурии Сотсиалистии Шӯравии Тоҷикистон Jumhurii Sotsialistii Šūravii Tojikiston (Tajik) Таджикская Социалистическая Советская Республика (Russian) Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) Ҷумҳурии Шӯравии Сотсиалистии Тоҷикистон Jumhurii Šūravii Sotsialistii Tojikiston (Tajik) Таджикская Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian) Republic of Tajikistan (1991) Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон Jumhurii Tojikiston (Tajik) Республика Таджикистан (Russian) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1929–1991 | |||||||||
Flag (1953–1991)
State emblem
(1940–1991) | |||||||||
Motto: Пролетарҳои ҳамаи мамлакатҳо, як шавед! ( Marxist-Leninist single-party Soviet socialist republic (1929–1990) Unitary presidential republic (1990–1991) | |||||||||
First Secretary | |||||||||
• 1929–1933 (first) | Mirza Davud Huseynov | ||||||||
• 1985–1991 (last) | Qahhor Mahkamov | ||||||||
Head of state | |||||||||
• 1929–1933 (first) | Nusratullo Maksum | ||||||||
• 1991 (last) | Rahmon Nabiyev | ||||||||
Head of government | |||||||||
• 1929–1933 (first) | Abdurrahim Hojibayev | ||||||||
• 1986–1991 (last) | Izatullo Khayoyev | ||||||||
Legislature | Supreme Soviet | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Union republic proclaimed | 5 December 1929 | ||||||||
• Name adopted | 5 December 1936 | ||||||||
12 February 1990 | |||||||||
• Sovereignty declared | 24 August 1990 | ||||||||
• Renamed the Republic of Tajikistan | 31 August 1991 | ||||||||
• Independence declared | 9 September 1991 | ||||||||
• Independence recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||
HDI | 0.258 low | ||||||||
Currency | Soviet ruble (Rbl) (SUR) | ||||||||
Calling code | +7 377/379 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Tajikistan | ||||||||
|
Eastern Bloc |
---|
History of Tajikistan |
---|
Timeline |
Tajikistan portal |
The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic,[a] also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan, the Tajik SSR, or simply Tajikistan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1929 to 1991 located in Central Asia.
The Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the
Geographically, at 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi), it was bordered by Afghanistan to the south, China to the east, Pakistan to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor, as well as internally by fellow Soviet republics of Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north. Notably, the Tajik SSR was the only republic of the Soviet Union to be separated from the Russian SFSR by more than one other republic.
Nomenclature
The name Tajik refers to the name of a pre-Islamic tribe that existed before the seventh century A.D. Based on the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" citing due to its "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."[1]
The name of the country was often spelt "Tadzhikistan" in the English language during Soviet times due to it being borrowed directly from the Russian spelling "Таджикистан", where the letters 'дж' produce a 'j' sound.
Date | Name |
---|---|
5 December 1929 | Tajik Socialist Soviet Republic |
5 December 1936 | Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic |
31 August 1991 | Republic of Tajikistan |
History
One of the new states created in the process of national delimitation of Soviet Central Asia in October 1924 was the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic – Uzbek SSR or Soviet Uzbekistan. Soviet Tajikistan was created at the same time within the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR as an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR) – one rank below a Soviet Socialist Republic in USSR geopolitical hierarchy. The new autonomous republic included what had been eastern Bukhara and had a population of about 740,000, out of a total population of nearly 5 million in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic as a whole. Its capital was established in Dyushambe, which had been a village of 3,000 in 1920. In December 1929, Tajik ASSR was detached from the Uzbek SSR and given full status as a Soviet Socialist Republic – Tajik Socialist Soviet Republic. At that time, its capital was renamed Stalinabad, after Joseph Stalin, and the territory that is now northern Tajikistan (Sughd Province) was added to the new republic. Even with the additional territory, the Tajik SSR remained the smallest Central Asian republic. On 5 December 1936, it was renamed the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.[citation needed]
With the creation of a Tajik republic defined in national terms came the creation of institutions that, at least in form, were likewise national. The first Tajik-language newspaper in Soviet Tajikistan began publication in 1926. New educational institutions also began operation at about the same time. The first state schools, available to both children and adults and designed to provide basic education, opened in 1926. The central government also trained a small number of Tajiks for public office, either by putting them through courses offered by government departments or by sending them to schools in the Uzbek SSR.[citation needed]
Under Soviet rule, Tajikistan experienced some economic and social progress. However, living standards in the republic were still among the lowest in the Union. Most people still lived in rural qishlaqs, settlements that were composed of 200 to 700 one-family houses built along a waterway.[citation needed]
After Stalin's death in March 1953, Stalinabad was renamed Dushanbe on 10 November 1961 as part of the De-Stalinization program.[citation needed]
In February 1990, riots occurred in the republic's capital Dushanbe. 26 people died and 565 more were injured and the Soviet troops put down the riots. Yaqub Salimov, a future Interior Minister, and some youth activists were convicted for participation in the riots.[citation needed]
Later on 24 August 1990, Tajik SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. By 1991, Tajikistan participated in a
Politics
Tajikistan, like all other republics in the Soviet Union, was officially a Soviet republic governed by the
Military
Tajikistan was the only
The Tajik SSR also operated its own Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Economy
Industry
Agriculture
In 1986, there were 299 state and 157 collective farms in the country. Agricultural land was 4.2 million hectares.
Due to the large irrigation works in the area of irrigated land 1986 have reached 662 thousand hectares. Agriculture gave about 65% of gross agricultural output. The leading branch of agriculture was cotton (cotton collection 922 thousand tons in 1986), developed in Fergana, Vakhsh, Hissar valleys.
Transportation
Operating length (in 1986):
- Railways – 470 km
- Roads – 13,200 km (including paved – 11,600 km.)
- Airports
Tajikistan is supplied with gas from Uzbekistan and Afghanistan with
Notes
References
- Tajikistan at the Library of Congress Country Studies
- (in Russian) History of Tajik SSR, edited by B. A. Antonenko, Maorif Publ. House, Dushanbe, 1983.
External links
- Tajikistan, land of sunshine by Nazarsho Dodkhudoev