Talavera de la Reina
Talavera de la Reina | ||
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Postal code 45600 | ||
Website | www |
Talavera de la Reina (Spanish pronunciation:
Although the city straddles both banks of the Tagus, few kilometres downstream from the junction of the former with the Alberche, most of the urbanisation concentrates on the right (northern) bank. There are two islands in the center of the city called Isla Grande and Chamelo Island. Three bridges cross the Tagus in Talavera.
The city is well known for its pottery craft. The Talavera de la Reina pottery was declared intangible cultural heritage by the UNESCO in 2019.[3]
Toponymy
There are remnants of prehistoric cultures in the area. The village was founded by the
History
Foundation
Talavera de la Reina was founded at the confluence of the rivers Alberche and Tagus. This area of great ecological wealth was the settlement of Celtic people who built the most ancient ruins of the area.
Roman Empire and Visigothic Age
During the time of the
Middle ages
The Muslims conquered Talavera in 712. They built new walls and a castle in Talavera. They also brought the use of fountains, water mills and new products brought from Africa and Asia. The fertile soil produced quality vegetables, fruits and grass for animal feed. The markets gained new strength, and the population, a mixture of Christians, Muslims and Jews, lived in harmony for some centuries. Medina Al Talavayra took part in different wars between the kingdoms of Spain, becoming allied with Córdoba and Badajoz. Alfonso VI of León-Castile seized the city in 1083.[5] The city was retaken temporarily by Muslims in 1109.[6]
12th-century geographer
The countryside of Talavera endured Almohad
The repopulation of the territory after the Christian conquest was led by Castilians, Franks and
Formerly a realengo town, sometimes property of queens, such as Maria of Portugal, Talavera was transferred by Henry II of Castile on 25 June 1369 to Gómez Manrique (the transfer was confirmed in the 1371 Cortes of Toro), the Archbishop of Toledo, as payment for the latter's support in the Castilian Civil War, and, since then, the town became attached to the Archbishops of Toledo.[16][17]
The change from the concejo abierto towards a regimiento system of municipal government in Talavera should have happened by the second half of the 14th century.[18] Unlike other locations the chief municipal public offices (regidurías) in Talavera were not subject to transfer from father to son, so the nobiliary elite relied in an alternative strategy to ensure its supremacy, based on a system that allowed them to control the candidates to the regidoría.[19]
King Sancho IV gave the royal privilege to hold two royal markets each year.
Early Modern history
By the late third of the 16th century the city reached a population of 10,000.[20]
Upon the death of King Charles II in November 1700, two powerful nations fought for the Spanish Crown. Talavera supported Philip V's French faction, which was the winner.
In the mid-18th century, by 1748, as part of the economic policies enforced by the Spanish Bourbons, the Royal Factory of Silk, Silver and Gold Fabric, was opened in the city, during the reign of
The number of hidalgos reduced during the 18th century.[22] The clergy retained an important socioeconomic importance.[23] Towards the end of the century, a number of religious French emigrees would arrive to Talavera after the triumph of the Revolution.[24] During the second half of the century, the bulk of the working population comprised the non-specialised workers and textile workers, ceramics workers (with a diminishing importance compared to previous centuries)[25] and those dedicated to services, followed by the food industry, leather and the shoemaking sector.[26]
19th and 20th centuries
The Peninsular War had great consequences for Talavera. On 27 and 28 July 1809 the Battle of Talavera took place between the Anglo-Spanish army and the French. The Duke of Wellington's army expelled the French from the city.
The manufacturing complex of the Royal Silk Factory closed towards 1851.[27]
Talavera was granted the title of city (ciudad) in 1876.[28]
Following the
The railroad brought new opportunities for improvement. Talavera changed its name to Talavera del Tajo. The city had a population of 16,654 in 1936.[30] The city had a population of 18,631 in 1940.[30]
During the Francoist dictatorship the
Recent developments
In 1975 Franco died, and democracy came to Spain. Talavera's first democratic mayor tried to create the province of Talavera, but the idea was not successful. The next mayor, Pablo Tello from the Socialist Party, made large projects such as the Alameda Park.
In 1989 a feeling of marginalization enveloped the city, and a group of people called "Nosotros Talavera" (we Talavera) started fighting for the creation of a University Campus and other projects for the city.
A Center for University Studies was opened in the city in 1994; it fully integrated as campus of the
Main sights
Rising over 192 metres, the
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Bridge of Castilla–La Mancha
Geography
Climate
Climate data for Talavera de la Reina; Granja Escuela 371 m (data from a 1984 study) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
7.5 (45.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.3 (41.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 89 (3.5) |
84 (3.3) |
67 (2.6) |
51 (2.0) |
56 (2.2) |
26 (1.0) |
4 (0.2) |
8 (0.3) |
33 (1.3) |
60 (2.4) |
68 (2.7) |
70 (2.8) |
616 (24.3) |
Source: Oliver (1984)[34] |
Culture
Pottery
The city is internationally known for its
-
An example of the Talavera pottery
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Ornamental menhirs
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Talaveran girls dressed with folk costumes
Transportation
The city is located at the intersection of Autovía A-5 (part of European route E90) and N-502. Located on the route between Madrid and Badajoz, it has a railway station. Talavera de la Reina's city bus system is Eborabus.
International relations
- Twin cities—Sister towns
Talavera de la Reina is
- Bron, France.[35]
- Faenza, Italy.[35]
- Santiago del Estero, Argentina[citation needed]
- Puebla, Mexico[35]
- Plasencia, Spain[35]
- Daira of Guelta, Western Sahara
- Talavera de la Reyna, Peru[36]
- Other partnerships
See also
References
- References
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Spanish National Statistics Institute.
- ^ "La cerámica de Talavera, declarada como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad". RTVE. 12 December 209.
- ^ García Alonso 2008.
- ^ Torres Montealegre & López Vázquez 1998, p. 476.
- ^ García Fitz 2001, p. 164.
- ^ Pacheco Jiménez 2014, p. 229.
- ^ Martínez 1996, p. 85.
- ^ a b Martínez 1996, p. 86.
- ^ Martínez 1996, p. 88.
- ^ Martínez 1996, p. 90.
- ^ Martínez 1996, pp. 90–91.
- ^ a b Moreno Moreno 2015, p. 62.
- ^ Moreno Moreno 2015, p. 64.
- ^ Moreno Moreno 2015, pp. 67–68.
- ^ Pacheco Jiménez 2001, pp. 177–178.
- ^ Sánchez González 1992, p. 79.
- ^ Lozano Castellanos 2015, p. 40.
- ^ Lozano Castellanos 2015, pp. 37–38.
- ^ Pacheco Jiménez 1999, p. 201.
- ^ Peñalver Ramos 1996, p. 359.
- ^ Blanco 1997, p. 37.
- ^ Blanco 1997, p. 39.
- ^ Blanco 1997, p. 40.
- ^ Blanco 1997, p. 44.
- ^ Blanco 1997, p. 43.
- ^ Peñalver Ramos 1996, p. 366.
- ^ Díaz 1994, p. 78.
- ^ a b c Morales Díaz 2016, pp. 52–82.
- ^ a b Atenza Fernández, Mirón González & Díaz Díaz 2019, p. 10.
- ^ "Cumple 20 años el campus de Talavera de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha y lo van a celebrar". El Digital Castilla-La Mancha. 16 October 2014.
- ^ a b Simón, Pedro (29 September 2014). "Un puente a ningún sitio". El Mundo.
- ^ Sánchez de León, Bernal Pérez & Sánchez de León 2012, p. 7.
- ^ Jiménez 1996, p. 13.
- ^ a b c d Rincón, M. "Talavera estrecha lazos con las ciudades hermanas". La Voz de Talavera.
- ^ Fernández, Javier (23 April 2014). "Talavera de la Reina recibió a sus hermanos de Bron, Faenza, Talavera de la Reyna y el Pueblo Saharaui". La Voz del Tajo.
- ^ "Radom - Miasta partnerskie" [Radom - Partnership cities]. Miasto Radom [City of Radom] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-04-03. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
- ^ "Radom - miasta partnerskie" (in Polish). radom.naszestrony.pl. Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
- Bibliography
- Atenza Fernández, Juan; Mirón González, Rubén; Díaz Díaz, Benito (2019). "Asistencia sanitaria y salud pública en Talavera de la Reina durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)". Asclepio. 71 (2): 282. ISSN 0210-4466.
- Blanco, Miguel Ángel (1997). "Panorámica social de Talavera de la Reina en el siglo XVIII: las clases privilegiadas y la estructura socio-profesional". Cuaderna. 5. Talavera de la Reina: Colectivo Arrabal: 36–46. ISSN 1134-8895.
- Díaz, Benito (1994). "La protesta popular en Talavera: el motín del pan de 1898". Cuaderna: Revista de Estudios Humanísticos de Talavera y su Antigua Tierra (1): 76–90. ISSN 1134-8895.
- García Alonso, Juan Luis (2008). "-Briga Toponyms in the Iberian Peninsula". e-Keltoi. 6 (1).
- García Fitz, Francisco (2001). "Una frontera caliente la guerra en las fronteras castellano-musulmanas (siglos XI-XII)". In Ayala Martínez, Carlos de; Buresi, Pascal; Josserand, Philippe (eds.). Identidad y representación de la frontera en la España medieval, siglos XI-XIV: seminario celebrado en la Casa de Velázquez y la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 14-15 de diciembre de 1998. Madrid: ISBN 8495555212.
- Jiménez, Juan Carlos (1996). "Geografía física en los alrededores de Talavera de la Reina. Geomorfología Cuaternaria". Cuaderna. Revistas de Estudios Humanísticos de Talavera y Su Antigua Tierra (3). Colectivo Arrabal. ISSN 1134-8895.
- Lozano Castellanos, Alicia (2015). "Controlando el regimiento. La nobleza de Talavera de la Reina y sus métodos de intervención política en el concejo en la Baja Edad Media". En la España Medieval. 38 (38): 37–55. ISSN 0214-3038.
- Martínez, Sergio (1996). "Talavera de la Reina en las fuentes medievales" (PDF). Cuaderna. 4. Talavera de la Reina: Colectivo Arrabal: 66–91. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.
- Morales Díaz, David (2016). "Propaganda y nacionalización durante la dictadura de Primo de Rivera en Talavera de la Reina" (PDF). Alcalibe (16). Talavera de la Reina: Centro Asociado a la ISSN 1579-9875.
- Moreno Moreno, María Yolanda (2015). Los mudéjares de Talavera de la Reina en la baja edad media (PDF). Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia.
- Pacheco Jiménez, César (1999). "La industria del cuero en Talavera de la Reina (siglos XVI-XVII): las Ordenanzas de zapateros y curtidores de 1600" (PDF). Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna (12). Madrid: ISSN 1131-768X.
- Pacheco Jiménez, César (2001). "Símbolos de poder y su expresión en el mundo urbano del siglo XVI: la villa de Talavera y su señor el arzobispo de Toledo". Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna (14). Madrid: ISSN 1131-768X.
- Pacheco Jiménez, César (2014). "Santa María la Mayor de Talavera: de mezquita aljama a iglesia mayor (ss. X-XV)" (PDF). Libro homenaje a Ramón Gonzálvez Ruiz. Toledo: Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo.
- Peñalver Ramos, Luis Francisco (1996). "El complejo manufacturero de la Real Fábrica de Seda de Talavera de la Reina (1785). Cesión que hace la Corona a los Cinco Gremios Mayores de Madrid". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna. 9. Madrid: UNED: 359–389.
- Sánchez de León, Ramón; Bernal Pérez, Cristian; Sánchez de León, Francisco (2012). "Puente atirantado de Talavera de la Reina". Hormigón y Acero. 63 (263): 7–47.
- Sánchez González, Ramón (1992). "Ordenanzas de la Comunidad de villa y tierra de Talavera de la Reina, 1519" (PDF). Anales Toledanos (29): 77–132. ISSN 0538-1983.
- Torres Montealegre, María José; López Vázquez, Luis B. (1998). "Estudio de las murallas de Talavera de la Reina: deterioro y restauración". II Congreso nacional de historia de la construcción (PDF). pp. 475–482. ISBN 84-89977-44-5. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-08-29.