Tallahassee, Florida

Coordinates: 30°27′18″N 84°15′12″W / 30.45500°N 84.25333°W / 30.45500; -84.25333
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Tallahassee
Florida Supreme Court
850
FIPS code12-70600[4]
GNIS feature ID308416[2]
Websitewww.talgov.com

Tallahassee (

Florida Panhandle region, and the main center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Big Bend and Southwest Georgia
regions.

With a student population exceeding 70,000, Tallahassee is a

state college that serves mainly as a feeder school to Florida State and Florida A&M.[7]

As the capital, Tallahassee is the site of the

Florida Bar and the Florida Chamber of Commerce.[8] It is a recognized regional center for scientific research, and home to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. In 2015, Tallahassee was awarded the All-America City Award by the National Civic League
for the second time.

History

Mission San Luis de Apalachee
as it may have appeared in the 17th century

Indigenous peoples occupied this area for thousands of years before European encounter. Around 1200 CE, the large and complex Mississippian culture had built earthwork mounds near Lake Jackson which survive today; they are preserved in the Lake Jackson Archaeological State Park.[9]

The

Mission San Luis de Apalachee in Tallahassee, has been partially reconstructed by the state of Florida.[10]

The

Hernando de Soto and his mid-16th century expedition occupied the Apalachee town of Anhaica (at what is now Tallahassee) in the winter of 1538–39. Based on archaeological excavations, this Anhaica site is now known to have been about 0.5 miles (800 m) east of the present Florida State Capitol. The De Soto encampment is believed to be the first place Christmas was celebrated in the continental United States.[11][12]

The name Tallahassee is a

Seminole Indians of Florida. The Talimali Band of Apalachee Indians in Louisiana identify as present-day descendants of the Apalachee Indians.)[citation needed
]

During the

skirmishes in and around Tallahassee, which was then Spanish territory. The first battle took place on November 12, 1817. After Chief Neamathla, of the village of Fowltown just west of present-day Tallahassee, refused Jackson's orders to relocate, Jackson entered the village, burnt it to the ground, and drove off its occupants. The Indians retaliated, killing 50 soldiers and civilians. Jackson reentered Florida in March 1818. According to Jackson's adjutant, Colonel Robert Butler, they "advanced on the Indian village called Tallahasse (sic) [where] two of the enemy were made prisoner."[14]

State capital

A hand-colored photograph of Cascades Park in 1912

Florida became an American territory in September 1821, in accordance with the

Adams-Onís Treaty
of 1819.

The first session of the Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida met on July 22, 1822, at Pensacola, the former capital of West Florida. Members from St. Augustine, the former capital of East Florida, traveled 59 days by water to attend. The second session was in St. Augustine, and western delegates needed 28 days to travel perilously around the peninsula to reach St. Augustine. During this session, delegates decided to hold future meetings at a halfway point. Two appointed commissioners selected Tallahassee, at that point an Apalachee settlement (Anhaica) virtually abandoned after Andrew Jackson burned it in 1818, as a halfway point. In 1824, the third legislative session met there in a crude log building serving as the capitol.[15]

From 1821 through 1845, during Florida's territorial period, the rough-hewn frontier capital gradually developed as a town. The

Greek revival masonry structure was erected as the Capitol building in time for statehood. Now known as the "old Capitol", it stands in front of the high-rise Capitol building built in the 1970s.[16]

Tallahassee was in the heart of Florida's

slave trade in Florida.[17] During the American Civil War, Tallahassee was the only Confederate state capital east of the Mississippi River not captured by Union forces, and the only one not burned. A small engagement, the Battle of Natural Bridge
, was fought south of the city on March 6, 1865, just a month before the war ended.

A reenactment of the 1865 Battle of Natural Bridge

During the 19th century, the institutions that would develop into what is now

West Florida Seminary. In 1855, West Florida Seminary was transferred to the Florida Institute building (which had been established as an inducement for the state to place the seminary in Tallahassee). In 1858, the seminary absorbed the Tallahassee Female Academy and became coeducational.[18] Its main building was near the northwest corner of South Copeland and West Jefferson streets, approximately where FSU's Westcott Building
is today.

Tallahassee in 1885

In 1887, the Normal College for Colored Students, the ancestor of today's

State Normal and Industrial College for Colored Students
, to teach teachers for elementary school children and students in industrial skills.

After the

prescribed burning
.

1900–99

Until World War II, Tallahassee remained a small Southern town with virtually the entire population living within one mile (1.6 km) of the Capitol.[citation needed] The main economic drivers were the colleges and state government, where politicians met to discuss spending money on grand public improvement projects to accommodate growth in places such as Miami and Tampa Bay, hundreds of miles away from the capital.

Tallahassee was also active in protest during the

C. K. Steele began talks with city authorities while the local African-American community started boycotting the city's buses. The Inter-Civic Council ended the boycott on December 22, 1956. On January 7, 1957, the City Commission repealed the bus-franchise segregation clause because of the United States Supreme Court ruling Browder v. Gayle (1956). In the 1960s, there was a movement to transfer the capital to Orlando
, closer to the state's growing population centers. That movement was defeated; the 1970s saw a long-term commitment by the state to the capital city, with the construction of the new capitol complex and preservation of the old Florida State Capitol building.

In 1970, the Census Bureau reported the city's population as 74.0% white and 25.4% black.[19] In 1971, the city elected James R. Ford to the 5-member City Commission, and he became the city's first African-American mayor in 1972 (commissioners rotated into the position serving a one-year term).

Bobby Bowden became the head coach of Florida State Seminoles football in 1976, and turned Tallahassee into a city dominated by college football, Bowden became very successful very quickly at Florida State. By his second year, Bowden had to deny many rumors that he would leave for another job; the team went 9–2, compared to the four wins total in the three seasons before Bowden. During 34 years as head coach he had only one losing season–his first, in 1976.

In 1977, the 22-story high-rise Capitol building, designed by architect Edward Durell Stone, was completed. Since 2021, it has been the third-tallest state capitol building in the United States. In 1978, the Old Capitol, directly in front of the new capitol, was scheduled for demolition, but state officials decided to keep the Old Capitol as a museum.[20] In 1986, Jack McLean served as mayor, the second African-American to hold the position.[21]

2000–present

Tallahassee was the center of world attention for six weeks during the

Florida Supreme Court
.

In 2016, the city suffered a direct hit by Hurricane Hermine, causing about 80% of the city proper to lose power, including Florida State University, and knocking down many trees.[22]

In 2018, the city suffered another natural disaster when

Florida Panhandle
.

Geography

A view of both the historic and the current Florida State Capitols
Historic Grove Plantation, known officially as the Call/Collins House at The Grove. Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call built this antebellum plantation house c. 1840.

The approximate coordinates for the City of Tallhassee is located at 30°27′18″N 84°15′12″W / 30.45500°N 84.25333°W / 30.45500; -84.25333.

Tallahassee has an area of 98.2 square miles (254.3 km2), of which 95.7 square miles (247.9 km2) is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) (2.59%) is water.[23]

Tallahassee's terrain is hilly by Florida standards, being at the southern end of the

Lake Jackson and Lake Lafayette, and borders the northern end of the Apalachicola National Forest
.

The flora and fauna are similar to those found in the mid-south and low country regions of South Carolina and Georgia. The palm trees are the more cold-hardy varieties like the state tree, the Sabal palmetto. Pines, magnolias, hickories, and a variety of oaks are the dominant trees. The Southern Live Oak is perhaps the most emblematic of the city.

Nearby cities and suburbs

Cityscape

A panoramic view of Downtown Tallahassee

Neighborhoods

Tallahassee has many neighborhoods inside the city limits. Some of the most known and defined include All Saints, Apalachee Ridge, Betton Hills, Buck Lake, Callen, Frenchtown (the oldest historically black neighborhood in the state), Killearn Estates, Killearn Lakes Plantation, Lafayette Park, Levy Park, Los Robles, Midtown, Holly Hills, Jake Gaither/University Park, Indian Head Acres, Myers Park, Smokey Hollow, SouthWood, Seminole Manor and Woodland Drives.

Tallahassee is also home to some

gated communities
, including Golden Eagle, Ox Bottom, Lafayette Oaks and The Preserve at San Luis; the Tallahassee Ranch Club is to the southeast of the city.

Tallest buildings

Rank Name Street Address Height feet Height meters Floors Year
1 Florida State Capitol 400 South Monroe Street 345 101 25 1977[24]
2 Turlington Building 325 West Gaines Street 318 97 19 1990
3 Plaza Tower 300 South Duval Street 276 84 24 2008
4 Highpoint Center 106 East College Ave 239 70 15 1990
5 DoubleTree Hotel 101 South Adams St 220 67 17 1972

Urban planning and expansion

Downtown Tallahassee at night

The first plan for the Capitol Center was the 1947 Taylor Plan, which consolidated several government buildings in one downtown area. In 1974, the Capitol Center Planning Commission for the City of Tallahassee, Florida responded to growth of its urban center with a conceptual plan for the expansion of its Capitol Center.

The Architects' Collaborative, led the urban planning and design effort. Estimating growth and related development for approximately the next 25 years, the program projected the need for 2.3 million square feet (214,000 m2) of new government facilities in the city core, with 3,500 dwelling units, 100 acres (40 ha) of new public open space, retail and private office space, and other ancillary spaces. Community participation was an integral part of the design review, welcoming Tallahassee residents to provide input as well as citizens' groups and government agencies, resulting in the creation of six separate design alternatives.[citation needed
]

Sprawl and compact growth

The Tallahassee-Leon County Planning Department implements policies aimed at promoting compact growth and development, including the establishment and maintenance of an Urban Service Area. The intent of the Urban Service Area is to "have Tallahassee and Leon County grow in a responsible manner, with infrastructure provided economically and efficiently, and surrounding forest and agricultural lands protected from unwarranted and premature conversion to urban land use."[25] The result of compact growth policies has been a significant overall reduction in the Sprawl Index for Tallahassee between 2000 and 2010.[26] CityLab reported on this finding, stating "Tallahassee laps the field, at least as far as the Sprawl Index is concerned."[27]

Climate

Tallahassee
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
4.5
 
 
64
38
 
 
4.5
 
 
68
41
 
 
5.1
 
 
74
46
 
 
3.8
 
 
81
53
 
 
3.3
 
 
88
62
 
 
8.1
 
 
92
70
 
 
7.1
 
 
93
73
 
 
7.7
 
 
92
72
 
 
5.3
 
 
90
69
 
 
3.2
 
 
83
57
 
 
3
 
 
73
46
 
 
4.3
 
 
66
41
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NOAA[28]
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
114
 
 
18
3
 
 
114
 
 
20
5
 
 
130
 
 
23
8
 
 
97
 
 
27
12
 
 
84
 
 
31
17
 
 
206
 
 
33
21
 
 
180
 
 
34
23
 
 
196
 
 
33
22
 
 
135
 
 
32
21
 
 
81
 
 
28
14
 
 
76
 
 
23
8
 
 
109
 
 
19
5
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Tallahassee experiences four seasons. Shown here are the autumn leaves along the sidewalks of Monroe Street in Downtown Tallahassee.

Tallahassee has a

hardiness zones 8b (15 °F to 20 °F). Summer maximum temperatures are hotter than locations to the south on the Florida peninsula and it is one of the few cities in the state to occasionally record temperatures above 100 °F or 37.8 °C; there are an average of 11.2 days per year that have temperatures at least that high.[29] The record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was set on June 15, 2011.[30]

Summer is characterized by brief intense

thunderstorms that form along the afternoon sea breeze from the Gulf of Mexico. The daily mean temperature in July, the hottest month, is 82.9 °F (28.3 °C). Conversely, the winter is markedly cooler, with a January daily average temperature of 51.0 °F (10.6 °C).[28] There is an average of 34.6 nights with a minimum at or below freezing, and on average, the window for freezing temperatures is from November 22 thru March 16, allowing a growing season of 250 days.[28] With the data from the 1991–2020 normals, Tallahassee is in USDA zone 9a by a small margin, the coldest temperature of the year usually being about 20.2 °F (−6.6 °C). Temperature readings below 15 °F (−9 °C) are very rare, having last occurred on January 11, 2010.[28]

During the Great Blizzard of 1899 the city reached −2 °F (−19 °C) on February 13, which remains Florida's only recorded subzero reading. The record cold daily maximum is 22 °F (−6 °C), set on the same day as the all-time record low. More recently, a 28 °F (−2 °C) daily maximum was recorded in 1985.[28] Conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 81 °F (27 °C) on July 15, 1980.[28] However, the city itself is considerably warmer than the airport where the National Weather Service records its data from, even though the National Weather Service does not record data from it. This is due to an urban heat island, which creates an average disparity of 5.8 °F (3.2 °C) and is especially pronounced during winter.[31][32][33]

Snow and ice are rare in Tallahassee, not occurring during most winters. Historically, snow flurries are recorded every three to four years, but measurable snowfall of 0.1 inches (0.3 cm) or more has only happened once in the 1991-2020 time period. Tallahassee has recorded a few very small accumulating snowfalls over the last 100 years; the greatest amount was 2.8 inches (7 cm) on February 13, 1958.

January 3, 2018.[34][35][36]

Although several

hurricanes have brushed Tallahassee with their outer rain and wind bands, in recent years only Hurricane Kate, in 1985, and Hurricane Hermine, in 2016, have struck Tallahassee directly. Hurricane Michael passed 50 miles to the west after making landfall near Mexico Beach, Florida in October 2018 as a Category 5 storm, resulting in 95% of Leon County
being without power.

Maclay Gardens Reflection Pool

The Big Bend area of North Florida sees several tornadoes each year during the season, but they are generally weak, cause little structural damage, and rarely hit the city. On April 19, 2015, a tornado touched down in Tallahassee. The tornado was rated EF1, and created a path as wide as 350 yards (320 m) for almost 5 miles (8 km) near Maclay Gardens.[37] Damage included numerous downed tree limbs and a car crushed by a falling tree. During extremely heavy rains, some low-lying parts of Tallahassee may flood, notably the Franklin Boulevard area adjacent to the downtown and the Killearn Lakes subdivision, outside the Tallahassee city limits, on the north side.

The most recent tornado to hit Tallahassee occurred on January 27, 2021. It was rated as EF0 tornado. The tornado caused damage to the city and the Tallahassee International Airport.[38]

Climate data for Tallahassee International Airport, Florida (1991–2020 normals,[39] extremes 1892–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 84
(29)
89
(32)
91
(33)
95
(35)
102
(39)
105
(41)
104
(40)
103
(39)
102
(39)
97
(36)
89
(32)
84
(29)
105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 78.4
(25.8)
80.4
(26.9)
86.0
(30.0)
89.7
(32.1)
95.5
(35.3)
98.1
(36.7)
98.8
(37.1)
97.9
(36.6)
95.6
(35.3)
90.8
(32.7)
84.5
(29.2)
79.3
(26.3)
99.8
(37.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 63.7
(17.6)
67.8
(19.9)
74.2
(23.4)
80.7
(27.1)
88.2
(31.2)
92.1
(33.4)
93.2
(34.0)
92.3
(33.5)
90.4
(32.4)
83.0
(28.3)
72.8
(22.7)
66.1
(18.9)
80.4
(26.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 51.0
(10.6)
54.4
(12.4)
60.0
(15.6)
66.6
(19.2)
74.8
(23.8)
81.2
(27.3)
82.9
(28.3)
82.2
(27.9)
79.6
(26.4)
70.2
(21.2)
59.6
(15.3)
53.5
(11.9)
68.0
(20.0)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 38.3
(3.5)
40.9
(4.9)
45.8
(7.7)
52.5
(11.4)
61.5
(16.4)
70.3
(21.3)
72.6
(22.6)
72.1
(22.3)
68.7
(20.4)
57.4
(14.1)
46.3
(7.9)
40.9
(4.9)
55.6
(13.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 22.1
(−5.5)
24.5
(−4.2)
29.1
(−1.6)
37.3
(2.9)
48.4
(9.1)
63.0
(17.2)
68.1
(20.1)
66.5
(19.2)
56.8
(13.8)
39.6
(4.2)
29.5
(−1.4)
25.1
(−3.8)
20.2
(−6.6)
Record low °F (°C) 6
(−14)
−2
(−19)
20
(−7)
29
(−2)
34
(1)
46
(8)
57
(14)
57
(14)
40
(4)
29
(−2)
13
(−11)
10
(−12)
−2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.51
(115)
4.45
(113)
5.11
(130)
3.77
(96)
3.28
(83)
8.11
(206)
7.07
(180)
7.65
(194)
5.28
(134)
3.24
(82)
3.03
(77)
4.32
(110)
59.82
(1,520)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.7 9.0 7.4 7.2 7.2 13.6 16.7 16.1 9.2 6.1 6.7 9.0 116.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Source:
Climate data for Tallahassee
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily daylight hours 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 12.1
Average Ultraviolet index 4 6 8 10 10 11 11 10 9 7 5 4 7.9
Source: Weather Atlas [41]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18401,616
18601,932
18702,0234.7%
18802,49423.3%
18902,93417.6%
19002,9811.6%
19105,01868.3%
19205,63712.3%
193010,70089.8%
194016,24051.8%
195027,23767.7%
196048,17476.9%
197072,62450.8%
198081,54812.3%
1990124,77353.0%
2000150,62420.7%
2010181,37620.4%
2020196,1698.2%
2022 (est.)201,7312.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[42]
2010[43] 2020[44]

2020 census

Tallahassee city, Florida – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[45] Pop 2010[43] Pop 2020[44] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White
(NH)
87,047 96,753 94,095 57.79% 53.34% 47.97%
Black or African American
(NH)
51,025 62,538 67,503 33.88% 34.48% 34.41%
Alaska Native
(NH)
349 381 398 0.23% 0.21% 0.20%
Asian (NH) 3,575 6,566 8,665 2.37% 3.62% 4.42%
Native Hawaiian
(NH)
77 88 100 0.05% 0.05% 0.05%
Some other race
(NH)
233 373 924 0.15% 0.21% 0.47%
Two or more races/Multiracial (NH) 2,009 3,331 7,821 1.33% 1.84% 3.99%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 6,309 11,346 16,663 4.19% 6.26% 8.49%
Total 150,324 181,376 196,169 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 196,169 people, 78,283 households, and 34,639 families residing in the city.[46]

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 181,376 people, 73,289 households, and 34,516 families residing in the city.[47]

In the 2010 census, 16.7% of which had children under 18 living in them. 27.7% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband, and 53.7% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.33. Children under the age of 5 were 4.9% of the population, persons under 18 were 16.7% and persons 65 years or older were 10.3%. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

For 2009–2013, the estimated median household income was $39,524, and the per capita income was $23,778. In 2010, the percentage of persons below the poverty level was estimated at 30.2%.[48]

Languages

As of 2000, 92.0% of residents spoke

mother tongue. In total, 8.0% of the total population spoke languages other than English.[49]

Higher learning

Educationally, the population of Leon County is the most highly educated population in Florida[50] with 54.4% of the residents over the age of 25 with a Bachelor's, Master's, professional or doctorate degree.[51] The Florida average is 37.4%[50] and the national average is 33.4%.[52]

Law, government and politics

Florida Supreme Court
building

Politics

Tallahassee has traditionally been a

disenfranchised from the political system, dating from a new constitution and other laws passed by Democrats in Florida (and in all other Southern states) at the turn of the century. At that time, most African Americans were affiliated with the Republican Party
, and their disenfranchisement resulted in that party being non-competitive in the region for decades. Subsequently, these demographic groups traded party alignments.

Since passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and enforcement of constitutional rights for African Americans, voters in Tallahassee have elected black mayors and black state representatives.[53]: 97  It has become a city in the Southern U.S. that is known for progressive activism.[citation needed] This is likely due to the large student population that attends Florida State University, Florida A&M University, and Tallahassee Community College. In addition, in the realignment of party politics since the late 20th century, most of the African-American population in the city now support Democratic Party candidates.[54][55]

As of December 2, 2018, there were 112,572 Democrats, 58,083 Republicans, and 44,007 voters who were independent or had other affiliations among the 214,662 voters in Leon County.[56]

Leon County's voter turnout percentage has consistently ranked among the highest of Florida's 67 counties, with a record-setting 86% turnout in the November 2008 general election. The county voted for Barack Obama in the presidential election.[57]

Structure of city government

Tallahassee has a form of government with an elected

mayor of Tallahassee
, elected commissioners, and an at-will employed city manager, city departments, and staff.

The current city commissioners are:[58]

  • Seat 1 – Jacqueline "Jack" Porter
  • Seat 2 – Curtis Richardson
  • Seat 3 – Jeremy Matlow
  • Seat 4 (Mayor) – John Dailey
  • Seat 5 – Dianne Williams-Cox
List of intendants/mayors of Tallahassee, Florida
  • 1826 Dr. Charles Haire
  • 1827 David Ochiltree
  • 1828–1829 John Y. Gary
  • 1830 Leslie A. Thompson
  • 1831 Charles Austin
  • 1832–1833 Leslie A. Thompson
  • 1834 Robert J. Hackley
  • 1835 William Wilson
  • 1836 John Rea
  • 1837 William P. Gorman
  • 1838 William Hilliard
  • 1839 R. F. Ker
  • 1840 Leslie A. Thompson
  • 1841–1844 Francis W. Eppes
  • 1845 James A. Berthelot
  • 1846 Simon Towle
  • 1847 James Kirksey
  • 1848 F. H. Flagg
  • 1849 Thomas J. Perkins
  • 1850–1851 D. P. Hogue
  • 1852 David S. Walker
  • 1853 Richard Hayward
  • 1854–1855 Thomas Hayward
  • 1856–1857 Francis W. Eppes
  • 1858–1860 D. P. Hogue
  • 1861–1865 P. T. Pearce
  • 1866 Francis W. Eppes
  • 1867–1868 D. P. Hogue
  • 1869–1870 T. P. Tatum
  • 1871 C. E. Dyke
  • 1872–1874 C. H. Edwards
  • 1875 David S. Walker, Jr.
  • 1876 Samuel Walker
  • 1877 Jesse Bernard
  • 1878–1879 David S. Walker, Jr.
  • 1880 Henry Bernreuter
  • 1881 Edward Lewis
  • 1882 John W. Nash
  • 1883 Edward Lewis
  • 1884–1885 Charles C. Pearce
  • 1886 George W. Walker
  • 1887 A. J. Fish
  • 1888–1889 R. B. Forman
  • 1890–1894 R. B. Carpenter
  • 1895–1896 Jesse T. Bernard
  • 1897 R. A. Shine
  • 1898–1902 R. B. Gorman
  • 1903–1904 William L. Moor
  • 1905 John W. Henderson
  • 1906 F. C. Gilmore
  • 1907 W. M. McIntosh, Jr.
  • 1908 F. C. Gilmore
  • 1909 Francis B. Winthrop
  • 1910–1917 D. M. Lowry
  • 1918 J. R. McDaniel
  • 1919–1921 Guyte P. McCord
  • 1922–1923 A. P. McCaskill
  • 1924–1925 B. A. Meginniss
  • 1926 W. Theo Proctor
  • 1927 B.A. Meginniss
  • 1928–1929 W. Theo Proctor
  • 1930 G. E. Lewis
  • 1931 Frank D. Moor
  • 1932–1933 W. L. Marshall
  • 1934 J. L. Fain
  • 1935 Leonard A. Wesson
  • 1936 H. J. Yaeger
  • 1937 L. A. Wesson
  • 1938 J. R. Jinks
  • 1939 S. A. Wahnish
  • 1940 F. C. Moor
  • 1941 Charles S. Ausley
  • 1942 Jack W. Simmons
  • 1943 A. R. Richardson
  • 1944 Charles S. Ausley
  • 1945 Ralph E. Proctor
  • 1946 Fred S. Winterle
  • 1947 George I. Martin
  • 1948 Fred N. Lowry
  • 1949–1950 Robert C. Parker
  • 1951 W. H. Cates
  • 1952 B. A. Ragsdale
  • 1953 William T. Mayo
  • 1954 H. G. Esterwood
  • 1954 H. C. Summitt
  • 1955–1956 J. T. Williams
  • 1956 Fred S. Winterle
  • 1956–1957 John Y. Humphress
  • 1957 J. W. Cordell
  • 1958 Davis H. Atkinson
  • 1959 Hugh E. Williams, Jr.
  • 1960 George S. Taft
  • 1961 J. W. Cordell
  • 1962 Davis H. Atkinson
  • 1963 S. E. Teague, Jr.
  • 1964 Hugh E. Williams, Jr.
  • 1965 George S. Taft
  • 1966 W. H. Cates
  • 1967 John A. Rudd, Sr.
  • 1968 Gene Berkowitz
  • 1969 Spurgeon Camp
  • 1970 Lee A. Everhart
  • 1971 Gene Berkowitz
  • 1972 James R. Ford
  • 1973 Joan Heggen
  • 1974–1975 John R. Jones
  • 1976 James R. Ford
  • 1977–1978 Neal D. Sapp
  • 1979 Sheldon A. Hilaman
  • 1980–1981 Hurley W. Rudd
  • 1982 James R. Ford
  • 1983 Carol Bellamy
  • 1984 Kent Spriggs
  • 1985 Hurley W. Rudd
  • 1986 Jack McClean
  • 1987–1988 Betty Harley
  • 1988–1990 Dorothy Inman
  • 1990 Steve Meisberg
  • 1991–1992 Debbie Lightsey
  • 1993–1994 Dorothy Inman-Crews
  • 1994–1995 Penny Herman
  • 1995–1996 Scott Maddox
  • 1996–1997 Ron Weaver
  • 1997–2003 Scott Maddox[59]
  • 2003–2014 John Marks
  • 2014–2018 Andrew Gillum
  • 2018–present
    John Dailey

[60] [61]

Federal representation and offices

Tallahassee City Hall

Tallahassee is part of Florida's 2nd congressional district.

The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Tallahassee. The Tallahassee Main Post Office is at 2800 South Adams Street.[62] Other post offices in the city limits include Centerville Station,[63] Leon Station,[64] Park Avenue Station,[65] and Westside Station.[66]

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration maintains a National Weather Service in Tallahassee. Their coverage-warning area includes the eastern Florida Panhandle and adjacent Gulf of Mexico waters, the north-central Florida peninsula, and parts of southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia.

The United States Army Reserve 81st Regional Support Command (USAR) opened an Army Reserve Center at 4307 Jackson Bluff Road.

The Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Center (NMCRC) is at 2910 Roberts Avenue host the United States Navy Reserve Navy Operational Support Center Tallahassee (NOSC Tallahassee) and the United States Marine Corps Reserve 2nd Platoon, Company E, Anti-Terrorism Battalion and 3rd Platoon, Company E, Anti-Terrorism Battalion.

Consolidation

Voters of Leon County have gone to the polls four times to vote on consolidation of Tallahassee and Leon County governments into one jurisdiction combining police and other city services with already shared (consolidated) Tallahassee Fire Department and Leon County Emergency Medical Services. Tallahassee's city limits would increase from 103.1 square miles (267 km2) to 702 square miles (1,820 km2). Roughly 36 percent of Leon County's 265,714 residents live outside the Tallahassee city limits.

Each time, the measure was rejected:[67]

The Leon County Courthouse
Leon County Voting On Consolidation
Year FOR AGAINST

1971 10,381 (41.32%) 14,740 (58.68%)
1973 11,056 (46.23%) 12,859 (53.77%)
1976 20,336 (45.01%) 24,855 (54.99%)
1992 37,062 (39.8%) 56,070 (60.2%)

The proponents of consolidation have stated the new jurisdiction would attract business by its size. Merging governments would cut government waste, duplication of services, etc. However, Professor Richard Feiock of the Department of Public Administration of Korea University and the Askew School of Public Administration and Policy of Florida State University states that no discernible relationship exists between consolidation and the local economy.[68]

Flag

The former flag of Tallahassee was vaguely similar to the flag of Florida, a white saltire on a blue field, with the city's coat of arms, featuring the cupola of the old capitol building, at the center. The flag is an homage to the Scottish and Ulster-Scots Presbyterian heritage of the original founders of the city, most of whom were settlers from North Carolina whose ancestors had either come to America directly from Scotland, or were Presbyterians of Scottish descent from County Down and County Antrim in what has since become Northern Ireland.[69] The current flag incorporates a stylized 5-point star and the city name on a white background.[70]

Education

Primary and secondary

Lower School students at Maclay School celebrating Grandparents Day in 2008

Tallahassee anchors the

Leon County School District
. As of the 2009 school year Leon County Schools had an estimated 32,796 students, 2209 teachers and 2100 administrative and support personnel. The superintendent of schools is Rocky Hanna. Leon County public school enrollment continues to grow steadily (up approximately 1% per year since the 1990–91 school year). The dropout rate for grades 9–12 improved to 2.2% in the 2007–2008 school year, the third time in the past four years the dropout rate has been below 3%.

To gauge performance the State of Florida rates all public schools according to student achievement on the state-sponsored Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). Seventy-nine percent of Leon County Public Schools received an A or B grade in the 2008–2009 school year. The overall district grade assigned to the Leon County Schools is "A". Students in the Leon County School District continued to score favorably in comparison to Florida and national averages in the SAT and ACT student assessment tests. The Leon County School District has consistently scored at or above the average for districts statewide in total ACT and SAT mean composite scores.

Leon High School
Leon County high schools
Public schools belonging to universities
Charter schools
  • Governor's Charter Academy (GCA) (K–8) – Established in August 2012.[71]
  • School of Arts and Sciences (SAS) (K–8) – Established in 1999[72]
  • Tallahassee School of Math and Science (TSMS) (K–8)[73] – It was previously known as Stars Middle School and only served middle school. In 2014 it received a new charter, adopted its current name, and expanded to elementary grades.[74]
  • Tallahassee Classical School - Established in 2017.[75]
Private schools
  • Atlantis Academy (K–12) – Established in 1976.[76]
  • Betton Hills Preparatory School (Pre-K2/3, Pre-K4, VPK, K-2)[77]
  • Christ Classical Academy (Pre-K–8)[78]
  • Community Christian School (K-12)
  • Community Leadership Academy (Pre-K–12) - Established in 2009.[79]
  • John Paul II Catholic High School
  • Maclay School (PK3–12)
  • North Florida Christian High School
  • Cornerstone Learning Community (PK3–8)
  • Trinity Catholic School (PK–3,K–8).[80]
  • Holy Comforter Episcopal School (PK3–8).[81]
  • Woodland Hall Academy (K–12) – CLOSED
  • The Magnolia School, K–8
Virtual schools

Higher education

The Westcott Plaza at Florida State University

Florida State University

sea-grant research university. Florida State is on a 1,391.54-acre (5.631 km2) campus in the state capital of Tallahassee, Florida, United States. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida. Founded in 1851, it is on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida.[82][83]

The university is classified as a

John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art, the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the nation's largest museum/university complexes.[87]

The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Florida State University is home to nationally ranked programs in many academic areas, including law, business, engineering, medicine, social policy, film, music, theater, dance, visual art, political science, psychology, social work, and the sciences.[88] Florida State University leads Florida in four of eight areas of external funding for the STEM disciplines (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math).[89]

Florida Governor Rick Scott and the state legislature designated Florida State University as one of two "preeminent" state universities in the spring of 2013 among the twelve universities of the State University System of Florida.[90][91][92]

FSU's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known by their Florida State Seminoles nickname, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The Florida State Seminoles athletics program are favorites of passionate students, fans and alumni across the United States, especially when led by the Marching Chiefs of the Florida State University College of Music. In their 113-year history, Florida State's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships.[93]

Florida A&M University

Florida A&M University's Lee Hall Auditorium[94]

Founded on October 3, 1887,

land-grant
university that is part of the State University System of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. FAMU's main campus comprises 156 buildings spread over 422 acres (1.7 km2) on top of the highest geographic hill of Tallahassee. The university also has several satellite campuses, including a site in Orlando where its College of Law is located and sites in Miami, Jacksonville and Tampa for its pharmacy program. Florida A&M University offers 54 bachelor's degrees and 29 master's degrees. The university has 12 schools and colleges and one institute.

FAMU has 11 doctoral programs which include 10 PhD programs: chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, biomedical engineering, physics, pharmaceutical sciences, educational leadership, and environmental sciences. Top undergraduate programs are architecture, journalism, computer information sciences, and psychology. FAMU's top graduate programs include pharmaceutical sciences along with public health, physical therapy, engineering, physics, master's of applied social sciences (especially history and public administration), business and sociology.

Tallahassee Community College

The Hinson Administration Building at Tallahassee Community College

Tallahassee Community College (TCC) is a member of the Florida College System. Tallahassee Community College is accredited by the Florida Department of Education and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Its primary campus is on a 270-acre (1.092 km2) campus in Tallahassee. The institution was founded in 1966 by the Florida Legislature.[95]

TCC offers

Associate of Applied Sciences degrees. In 2013, Tallahassee Community College was listed 1st in the nation in graduating students with A.A. degrees.[96] TCC is also the No. 1 transfer school in the nation to Florida State University and Florida A&M University. As of Fall 2015, TCC reported 38,017 students.[97] In 2024, Tallahassee Community College was approved to be renamed Tallahassee State College, and the name change will take effect on July 1, 2024.[98]

In partnership with Florida State University, and Florida A&M University Tallahassee Community College offers the TCC2FSU, and TCC2FAMU program. This program provides guaranteed admission into Florida State University and Florida A&M University for TCC Associate in Arts degree graduates.[99][100]

List of other colleges

Economy

Companies based in Tallahassee include: Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, the Municipal Code Corporation, the State Board of Administration of Florida (SBA), the Mainline Information Systems,[101] and United Solutions Company.[102]

Top employers

According to Tallahassee's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[103] the top employers in the city are:

The old clock at the corner of Park Avenue and Monroe Street in Downtown Tallahassee
# Employer # of Employees # of Employees in 2012
1 State of Florida 26,042 20,961
2 Florida State University 15,011 13,501
3
Tallahassee Memorial Hospital
5,349 3,060
4 Leon County School Board 4,300 4,306
5 City of Tallahassee 2,856 2,848
6 Walmart 2,655 2,000
7 Publix 2,543 n/a
8 Florida A&M University 1,749 1,937
9 Leon County 1,744 1,783
10 Tallahassee Community College 1,475 1,821
11 Capital Regional Medical Center 1,095 1,122

Arts and culture

Railroad Square is a popular spot for students and residents of Tallahassee, especially on the first Friday of every month when all the galleries are open to the public.

Entertainment and performing arts

Tallahassee is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers.

A major source of entertainment and art is the Railroad Square Art Park. The Railroad Square Art Park is an arts, culture and entertainment district of Tallahassee, Florida, off Railroad Avenue, filled with a variety of metal art sculptures and stores selling artwork and collectibles. Railroad Square is mainly known for its small locally owned shops and working artist studios, and its alternative art scene. On the first Friday of every month, Railroad Square is home to a free gallery hop known as 'First Friday' and features live music, open galleries, and food trucks, where upwards of 5000-7000+ Tallahasseeans of all ages come to enjoy the evening.

Museums

Tallahassee is known for its many museums. It is home to the Museum of Fine Arts at Florida State University,

Mission San Luis de Apalachee, Tallahassee Automobile Museum
, Old Capitol Museum, Knott House Museum, and The Grove.

Music

The first notable musician in Tallahassee was Ray Charles, raised in Greenville. Between terms at the Florida School for the Deaf and Blind, he visited family in Tallahassee and performed in Frenchtown.[104]

George Clinton, founder of Parliament-Funkadelic, has lived in Tallahassee since 1994.[104]

Faheem Rashad Najm, better known as T-Pain, was born and raised in Tallahassee. He is known for popularizing the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect.[104]

Emo music group Mayday Parade originated in Tallahassee and several members still live there.[104]

Alternative rock band Creed formed in Tallahassee during 1994.[104]

Festivals and events

FSU Marching Chiefs and Cheerleaders performing in a parade in Downtown Tallahassee
The Tallahassee Asian Festival

Sports

FSU's Doak Campbell Stadium

Florida State Seminoles

Tallahassee is home to one of the most competitive collegiate athletics programs in the nation, the Florida State Seminoles of Florida State University. The Seminoles compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The university funds 20 varsity teams, consisting of 9 male and 11 female. They have collectively won 19 team national championships, and over 100 team conference championships, as well as numerous individual national and conference titles. The program has placed in the top-10 final standings of the Director's Cup four times since 2008–2009, including No. 4 for the 2009–2010 season and No. 4 for the 2011–2012 season. In 2016–2017, the program generated the thirteenth-most revenue in collegiate athletics with $144,514,413 of total revenue.[105]

College football game weekends bring in a significant amount of tourism to Leon County. FSU home games had a total attendance of 575,478 people with an average of 82,211 attendees per game in 2014.[106] During football season, out-of-town attendees brought $48.8 million in direct spending during the six home games. In 2016, Florida State football home games resulted in $95.5 million of economic impact on Leon County.[107]

Teams Division Conference Venue Capacity
Florida State Seminoles football D-1 (FBS) ACC Doak Campbell Stadium 79,560
Florida State Seminoles men's basketball D-I ACC
Donald L. Tucker Center
12,500
Florida State Seminoles women's basketball D-I ACC
Donald L. Tucker Center
12,500
Florida State Seminoles baseball D-I ACC Dick Howser Stadium 6,700
Florida State Seminoles softball D-I ACC JoAnne Graf Field 1,000
Florida State Seminoles women's soccer D-1 ACC Seminole Soccer Complex 2,000
Florida A&M Rattlers
D-1 MEAC Bragg Memorial Stadium 25,500
Florida A&M Rattlers men's basketball
D-I MEAC
Teaching Arena
8,470

Other

Club Sport League Years Active Venue
Tallahassee Tiger Sharks Ice hockey ECHL 1994–2001
Donald L. Tucker Center
Tallahassee Scorpions Indoor soccer
EISL
1997–1998
Donald L. Tucker Center
Tallahassee Thunder
American Football
Arena Football
2000–2002
Donald L. Tucker Center
Tallahassee Titans
American Football
AIFL
2007
Donald L. Tucker Center
Tallahassee Tigers
Basketball ABA 2007
Donald L. Tucker Center
Tallahassee SC Soccer NPSL 2018– Gene Cox Stadium

Tallahassee is home to Tallahassee SC, a soccer club that was founded in 2018 and plays in the National Premier Soccer League.

Some former sports clubs in Tallahassee include the

Tallahassee Tigers
.

Media

Print

Television

WFSU Building
  • WCTV (CBS) channel 6.1 (MeTV) channel 6.2 (The365) channel 6.3 (ION) channel 6.4 (Justice) channel 6.5 (MyTV) channel 6.6 (This TV) channel 6.7
  • WFSU (PBS) channel 11.1 (Florida Channel) channel 11.2 (Create) channel 11.3 (Kids 360) channel 11.4
  • WTLF (CW) channel 24.1 (Comet) channel 24.2 (TBD) channel 24.3 (Nest) channel 24.4 (Dabl) 24.5
  • WTLH (H&I) channel 49.1 (CW) channel 49.2 (Comet) channel 49.3
  • WTWC (NBC) channel 40.1 (Fox) channel 40.2 (Charge) channel 40.3
  • WTXL (ABC) channel 27.1 (Bounce) channel 27.2 (Grit) channel 27.3 (Escape) channel 27.4 (CourtTV) channel 27.5 (Newsy) channel 27.6 (HSN) channel 27.7
  • WNXG-LD (WCTV simulcast channels 6.1 - 6.6 ATSC 3.0)
  • WVUP (CTN) channel 45.1 (LifeStyle) channel 45.2 (CTNi) channel45.3 (Buzzer) channel 45.4
  • WTFL-LD (Telemundo) channel 15.1 (Start TV) channel 15.2 (Catchy Comedy) channel 15.3
  • WFXU (My Network TV) 57.1
  • WXTL-LD (Daystar) 36.1 (Daystar Espanol) 36.2

Radio

Public safety

A Tallahassee Police Department patrol car
A Leon County EMS vehicle

Established in 1826, the Tallahassee Police Department once claimed to be the oldest police department in the Southern United States and the second-oldest in the U.S., preceded only by the Philadelphia Police Department (established in 1758). The Boston Police Department was established in 1838 and larger East Coast cities followed with New York City and Baltimore in 1845. However, this is proven incorrect. Pensacola, Florida, for example, had a municipal police force as early as 1821.[112]

There are over 800 sworn law enforcement officers in Tallahassee. Law enforcement services are provided by the

Tallahassee Community College Police Department, the Florida Highway Patrol, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
.

The Tallahassee Growth Management Building Inspection Division is responsible for issuing permits and performing inspections of public and private buildings in the city limits. These duties include the enforcement of the Florida Building Codes and the Florida Fire Protection Codes. These standards are present to protect life and property. The Tallahassee Building Department is one of 13 Accredited Building Departments in the United States.[113]

The

is based in Tallahassee.

Fire and rescue services are provided by the

Leon County Emergency Medical Services
.

Hospitals in the area include

Rehabilitation Hospital
of Tallahassee.

Places of interest

Transportation

Tallahassee International Airport seen here as Tallahassee Regional Airport
A StarMetro vehicle
Interstate 10 at Capital Circle Northeast

Aviation

Defunct airports

Mass transit

  • StarMetro provides bus service throughout the city.

Intercity bus

Railroads

  • Freight service is provided by the
    Florida Gulf & Atlantic Railroad, which acquired most of the CSX main line from Pensacola to Jacksonville on June 1, 2019. FG&A also purchased the CSX branch from Tallahassee to Attapulgus, Georgia, connecting with the CSX Montgomery-Savannah main line at Bainbridge, Georgia. FG&A's headquarters office is in Tallahassee.[116]

Defunct railroads and passenger trains

Major highways

  • Interstate 10 runs east and west across the north side of the city. Tallahassee is served by five exits including: Exit 192 (U.S. 90), Exit 196 (Capital Circle NW), Exit 199 (U.S. 27/Monroe St.), Exit 203 (U.S. 319/Thomasville Road and Capital Circle NE), and Exit 209 (U.S. 90/Mahan Dr.)
  • U.S. Route 27 enters the city from the northwest before turning south and entering downtown. This portion of U.S. 27 is known locally as Monroe Street. In front of the historic state capitol building, U.S. 27 turns east and follows Apalachee Parkway out of the city.
  • U.S. Route 90 runs east and west through Tallahassee. It is known locally as Tennessee Street west of Magnolia Drive and Mahan Drive east of Magnolia.
  • U.S. Route 319
    runs north and south along the east side of the city using Thomasville Road, Capital Circle NE, Capital Circle SE, and Crawfordville Road.
  • State Road 20
  • State Road 61
  • State Road 363
  • Orchard Pond Parkway, the first privately-built toll road in Florida.[121]

Namesakes

Sister cities

Ramat HaSharon, Israel

Tallahassee has 5

sister cities as follows:[122]

Notable people

Tallahassee groups and organizations

State associations based in Tallahassee

Gallery

  • Turlington Education Building as seen from the Civic Center
    Turlington Education Building as seen from the Civic Center
  • The Downtown Tallahassee Doubletree Hotel
    The Downtown Tallahassee Doubletree Hotel
  • Tennyson Condominiums as seen through a break in the downtown Federal Courthouse Square
    Tennyson Condominiums as seen through a break in the downtown Federal Courthouse Square
  • Westminster Gardens, formerly the Georgia Bell Dickinson Apartments, in Downtown Tallahassee
    Westminster Gardens, formerly the Georgia Bell Dickinson Apartments, in Downtown Tallahassee
  • Highpoint Center as seen from the Florida Capitol
    Highpoint Center as seen from the Florida Capitol
  • The historic Exchange Bank Building, considered to be the city's first highrise building
    The historic Exchange Bank Building, considered to be the city's first highrise building
  • The Korean War Memorial at Cascades Park facing the Florida Capitol
    The Korean War Memorial at Cascades Park facing the Florida Capitol
  • Union Bank, Florida's oldest surviving bank building
    Union Bank, Florida's oldest surviving bank building
  • Florida's historic state capitol building built in 1845
    Florida's historic state capitol building built in 1845
  • Kleman Plaza in the heart of Downtown Tallahassee
    Kleman Plaza in the heart of Downtown Tallahassee
  • The U.S. Federal Courthouse in Tallahassee
    The U.S. Federal Courthouse in Tallahassee
  • The Florida Korean War Memorial
    The Florida Korean War Memorial
  • The Florida Supreme Court Building
    The Florida Supreme Court Building
  • The Tallahassee-Leon County Visitors Center
    The Tallahassee-Leon County Visitors Center
  • Leroy Collins Leon County Public Library from Park Ave
    Leroy Collins Leon County Public Library from Park Ave

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Eisenberg, Daniel (1986). "In Tallahassee" (PDF). Journal of Hispanic Philology. Vol. 10, no. 2. pp. 97–101. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014.
  • Hare, Julianne. Tallahassee: a capital city history. Arcadia Publishing. 2002
  • Tebeau, Charlton, W. A History of Florida. University of Miami Press. Coral Gables. 1971
  • Williams, John Lee. Journal of an Expedition to the Interior of West Florida October–November 1823. Manuscript on file at the State Library of Florida, Florida Collection. Tallahassee.

External links