Tamil National Alliance
Tamil National Alliance தமிழ் தேசிய கூட்டமைப்பு | ||
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Provincial Councils 41 / 455 | ||
Local Government | 417 / 8,327 | |
The Tamil National Alliance (TNA;
Soon after its formation in 2001, the alliance began to make a more pro-LTTE stance, supporting their "freedom struggle" and recognizing them as the sole representative of the
The TNA currently consists of four parties: Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front, Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi, People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam and Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization.[8]
The TNA currently has 10 members in the
History
Part of a series on |
Sri Lankan Tamils |
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The TNA was formed in October 2001 to contest the 2001 parliamentary election on a common platform.[11] On 20 October 2001 a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF), Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO) and Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF).[12] At the 2001 parliamentary election, the TNA, contesting under the name and symbol of the TULF, received 348,164 votes (3.89%) and won 15 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.[13]
Soon after its formation, the TNA began to make a more pro-LTTE stance, supporting their "freedom struggle" and recognising them as the sole representative of the Sri Lankan Tamils.
The TNA boycotted the 2008 local authority election in
The civil war ended in May 2009 after the LTTE were defeated by the
At the 2010 presidential election, the TNA supported common opposition candidate Sarath Fonseka who, as Commander of the Sri Lanka Army, had played a key role in the LTTE's defeat.[32] In March 2010 the TNA dropped its demand for a separate Tamil state, advocating instead a federal solution with significant devolution and merger of the Northern and Eastern provinces.[33][34] In March 2010 ACTC and its leader Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam, along with fellow TNA MPs S. Kajendran and Pathmini Sithamparanathan, left the TNA and formed the Tamil National People's Front (TNPF).[35][36] At the 2010 parliamentary election the TNA received 233,190 votes (2.90%) and won 14 out of 225 seats in parliament.[37]
At the
At the 2015 presidential election, the TNA supported common opposition candidate Maithripala Sirisena.[44][45] Newly elected president Sirisena formed a national unity government after the election but the TNA chose not to join the new government, saying that, although the TNA supported Sirisena's policies for political reform, a political solution must first be found to address Tamil grievances before the TNA would consider joining the government.[46][47] The TNA was however represented by its leader Sampanthan on the National Executive Council.[48][49][50]
In March 2015 the TNA joined an all party provincial government in the Eastern Province.[51][52][53] Two TNA provincial councillors were appointed to the province's Board of Ministers.[54][55]
At the 2015 parliamentary election, the TNA received 515,963 votes (4.62%) and won 16 out of 225 seats in parliament.[56][57] After the election, Sampanthan was recognised as Leader of the Opposition in parliament.[58][59]
Manifesto and policies
Tamil National Alliances manifesto were based on what is known as the Thimpu principles amongst Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists.[60] But the TNA later rejected separatism preferring power devolution to the provinces and stated that they accept that Sri Lanka is a united state and the TNA does not intent to form a separate state.[61][62]
The current political manifesto and policies of the TNA are,[63]
- The Tamils are a distinct People and from time immemorial have inhabited this island together with the Sinhalese People and others
- The contiguous preponderantly Tamil-speaking Northern and Eastern provinces is the historical habitation of the Tamil-speaking Peoples
- The Tamil People are entitled to the right to self-determination
- Power sharing arrangements must be established in a unit of a merged Northern and Eastern Provinces based on a Federal structure, in a manner also acceptable to the Tamil-speaking Muslim people
- Devolution of power on the basis of shared sovereignty shall necessarily be over land, law and order, socio-economic development including health and education, resources and fiscal powers.
The TNA also stands for,
- There must be meaningful de-militarization resulting in the return to the pre-war situation as it existed in 1983 before the commencement of hostilities by the removal of armed forces, military apparatuses and High Security/Restricted Zones from the Northern and Eastern Provinces
- Tamil People who have been displaced in the North and the East due to the conflict must be speedily resettled in their original places; housing provided, their livelihoods restored and their dignity respected
- An independent International Investigation must be conducted into the allegations of violations of international human rights and humanitarian laws made against both the Government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE during the last stages of the war, the truth ascertained and justice to victims and reparation including compensation must be ensured
- Persons who are detained without charges must be released promptly and a general amnesty should be granted to all other political prisoners
- There must be finality reached with regard to thousands of missing persons and compensation must be paid to the next of kin
- Tamils who fled the country must be permitted to return to their homes and a conducive atmosphere created for their return
- A comprehensive programme for the development of the North and East including the creation of employment opportunities for the youth will be undertaken with the active support of the Sri Lankan State, the Tamil Diaspora and the International Community
Attacks and assassinations
The TNA and its supporters have been subject to numerous attacks during its existence.
Batticaloa District parliamentary candidate Rajan Sathiyamoorthy was shot dead on 30 March 2004 at his home in Batticaloa.[64][65] The LTTE was blamed for the assassination.[6] Former Ampara District MP A. Chandranehru was shot dead on 7 February 2005 as he was travelling in Batticaloa District.[66][67] The government backed Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP) and Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front (ENDLF) paramilitary groups claimed responsibility for the assassination.[6][7]
Former
Jaffna District MP
On 7 March 2011 Jaffna District MP
A mob, allegedly from the security forces, attacked a TNA meeting at MP S. Shritharan's in
Electoral history
Election | Northern Province | Eastern Province | National | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |
2001 Parliamentary[95] | 144,274 | 51.32% | 9 | 191,194 | 30.81% | 5 | 348,164 | 3.89% | 15 |
2004 Parliamentary[96] | 348,155 | 82.03% | 13 | 285,499 | 39.96% | 7 | 633,654 | 6.84% | 22 |
2006 Local[97] | - | - | - | 96,466 | 21.69% | 69 | - | - | - |
2009 Local[98] |
12,287 | 36.99% | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2010 Parliamentary[99] | 106,792 | 41.80% | 8 | 126,398 | 21.89% | 5 | 233,190 | 2.90% | 14 |
190,625 | 62.87% | 226 | 64,453 | 13.06% | 49 | 255,078 | 2.99% | 275 | |
2012 Provincial[103] |
- | - | - | 193,827 | 30.59% | 11 | - | - | - |
2013 Provincial[104] |
353,595 | 78.48% | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2015 Parliamentary[105] | 297,463 | 63.96% | 9 | 218,500 | 29.31% | 5 | 515,963 | 4.62% | 16 |
2020 Parliamentary[106] | 182,883 | 32.26% | 6 | 144,285 | 16.09% | 3 | 327,168 | 2.82% | 10 |
Election results
2001 parliamentary election
In the first parliamentary election contested by the Tamil National Alliance, the
Votes and seats won by TNA by electoral district
Electoral District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TNA MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampara | 48,789 | 17.41% | 1 | 82.51% | A. Chandranehru (TULF) |
Batticaloa | 86,284 | 48.17% | 3 | 68.20% | G. Krishnapillai (ACTC) Joseph Pararajasingham (TULF) Thambiraja Thangavadivel (TELO) |
Colombo | 12,696 | 1.20% | 0 | 76.31% | |
Jaffna | 102,324 | 54.84% | 6 | 31.14% | V. Anandasangaree (TULF) Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam (ACTC) Nadarajah Raviraj (TULF) Mavai Senathirajah (TULF) M. K. Shivajilingam (TELO) A. Vinayagamoorthy (ACTC) |
Trincomalee | 56,121 | 34.83% | 1 | 79.88% | R. Sampanthan (TULF) |
Vanni | 41,950 | 44.39% | 3 | 46.77% | Selvam Adaikalanathan (TELO) Sivasakthy Ananthan (EPRLF) Irasa Kuhaneswaran (TELO) |
National List | 1 | M. Sivasithamparam (TULF), died 5 June 2002 K. Thurairetnasingam (TULF) (replaces M. Sivasithamparam) | |||
Total | 348,164 | 3.88% | 15 | 76.03% | |
Source:"Parliamentary General Election 2001, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. |
2004 parliamentary election
In the
Votes and seats won by TNA by electoral district
Electoral District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TNA MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampara | 55,533 | 19.13% | 1 | 81.42% | K. Pathmanathan, died 21 May 2009 Thomas Thangathurai William, from 12 June 2009 (replaces K. Pathmanathan) |
Batticaloa | 161,011 | 66.71% | 4 | 83.58% | Senathirajah Jeyanandamoorthy , from 18 May 2004 (replaces Kingsley Rasanayagam)
Thanmanpillai Kanagasabai Thangeswary Kathiraman Kingsley Rasanayagam, resigned April 2004 P. Ariyanethiran |
Jaffna | 257,320 | 90.60% | 8 | 47.38% | Kidnan Sivanesan )
|
Trincomalee | 68,955 | 37.72% | 2 | 85.44% | ITAK )
|
Vanni | 90,835 | 64.71% | 5 | 66.64% | ) |
National List | 2 | Chandra Nehru Chandrakanthan, from 27 September 2006 (replaces Joseph Pararajasingham) )
Raseen Mohammed Imam, from 5 February 2008 (replaces M. K. Eelaventhan | |||
Total | 633,654 | 6.84% | 22 | 75.96% | |
Source:"Parliamentary General Election 2004, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. |
2010 parliamentary election
In the
Votes and seats won by the TNA by electoral district
Electoral District |
Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TNA MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampara | 26,895 | 10.47% | 1 | 64.74% | Podiappuhamy Piyasena |
Batticaloa | 66,235 | 36.67% | 3 | 58.56% | ITAK )
|
Jaffna | 65,119 | 43.85% | 5 | 23.33% | ITAK)
A. Vinayagamoorthy |
Trincomalee | 33,268 | 23.81% | 1 | 62.20% | ITAK )
|
Vanni | 41,673 | 38.96% | 3 | 43.89% | Selvam Adaikalanathan (TELO) Sivasakthy Ananthan (EPRLF) Vino Noharathalingam (TELO) |
National List | 1 | ITAK )
| |||
Total | 233,190 | 2.90% | 14 | 61.26% | |
Source:"Parliamentary General Election – 2010". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. |
2015 parliamentary election
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2017) |
The Tamil National Alliance won 16 seats, an increase of two from 2010.
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