Tamil inscriptions

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Tamil-Brahmi inscription of Mangulam

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Jambai village, Tamil Nadu

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Categories Ancient Tamil Nadu Architecture Culture Economies Monuments Inscriptions Forts Ancient sites
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(c. 600 BC – c. 300 AD)

Pandya Empire

(c. 300 BC – AD 1345)

Chera Kingdom

(c. 300 BC – AD 1102)

Chola Empire

(c. 300 BC – AD 1279)

Pallava Empire

(c. 250 AD – AD 800)

Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire

(c. 250 BC – c. AD 500)

Parthian Empire

(247 BC – AD 224)

Ancient Tamil Epigraphy

Burial of Adichanallur, Tamil Nadu^[2]^[3]^[4] skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns that contained Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions.

Keeladi excavation site in Tamil Nadu found with Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions in various structures and artifacts, on pottery with Tamil names such as Aathan, Uthiran, Kuviran-Aathan and Thisan.^[5]^[6]

Megalithic Graffiti Symbols found in Anaikoddai, Sri Lanka, c. 1000 BCE – c. 300 BCE^[7]^[8]

Potsherds found in Kodumanal and Porunthal^[9]^[10]

Tamil-Brahmi script dating to 500 BCE found at Porunthal site is located 12 km South West of Palani, Tamil Nadu^[9]^[10]

Tamil-Brahmi script dating to 500 BCE found at Kodumanal, Chennimalai near Erode, Tamil Nadu^[9]^[10]

Punch-marked coins of 5th century BCE found at Karur, on the bank of river Amaravathi, is located at 78 km from Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu^[11]

Ancient Pottery dating back to the 4th century BCE have been discovered off shore by marine archaeologists east of

Poompuhar, also known as Kaveripattinam is a town in the Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. Kaveripattnam was a thriving ancient capital port city of the Early Chola Empire.^[12]

3rd century BCE

Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions in caves,

Pandyan king of Sangam period, (c. 270 BCE) made stone beds for Jain monks. It further details the name of worker for whom he made stone bed. For example, an inscription shows that Kadalan Vazhuthi, a worker of Nedunchezhiyan made stone bed to Jain monk Nanda Sirikuvan.^[17] It is one of the protected monuments in Tamil Nadu by the Archaeological Survey of India.^[18]

Artifact related to Early Pandyan Kingdom's King Nedunjeliyan I (c. 270 BCE) found in Kovalanpottal, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu^[19]

Potsherds with

Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, 3rd century BCE^[20]

Tamil-Brahmi script dating back to the 3rd century BCE near Thenur, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Script is written on gold bars.^[21]

2nd century BCE

1st century BCE

Tamil-Brahmi script Rock-cavern inscription in

Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, 1st century BCE. It reads "Satiyaputo Atiyan Nedumaan Anjji itta Paali", In (Tamil: ஸதியபுதோ அதியந் நெடுமாந் அஞ்சி ஈத்த பாழி).^[24] The meaning of the epigraph may be rendered as "The abode (pali) given by (itta) Atiyan Nedumaan Anji (name), the Satyaputra (title)". Though the record is a short one in a single line, it throws valuable light on various aspects of South Indian history. The inscription clears the doubt about the identity of the Satyaputras, a dynasty of rulers, mentioned in Ashoka's inscriptions in the 3rd century BCE^[25]

A broken storage jar with inscriptions in Tamil-Brahmi script in Quseir-al-Qadim, (Leukos Limen), Egypt, 1st century BCE. Two earlier Tamil-Brahmi inscription discoveries at the same site, 1st century BCE. The inscribed text is 𑀧𑀸𑀦𑁃 𑀑𑀶𑀺 paanai oRi "pot suspended in a rope net" (which would be பானை ஒறி in the modern Tamil script)^[26] as "Muu-na-ka-ra" and "Muu-ca-ka-ti"

Tamil-Brahmi script Rock Bed Inscription for Jain Monks in

Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, 1st century BCE,^[27]

It reads as "Eruminatu kumul-ur piranta kavuti-i tenku-cirupocil ilayar ceyta atit-anam"

Silver Ring From Karur, Tamil Nadu with Personal Name "Peravatan" in Tamil-Brahmi script, 1st Century BCE^[27]

Megalithic pottery with graffiti symbols that have a strong resemblance to a sign in the Indus script have been found in Sembiyankandiyur and Melaperumpallam villages, Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu, 1st Century BCE^[28]^[29]

Hundreds of potsherds of the Mediterranean region which include rouletted ware, amphorae jar pieces and pieces of red ware with Tamil-Brahmi script have been found in

Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, 1st century BCE^[30]

First millennium AD

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2019)

^ "The ghosts of Adichanallur: Artefacts that suggest an ancient Tamil civilisation of great sophistication". The Hindu. 13 January 2018.

^ "Rudimentary Tamil-Brahmi script' unearthed at Adichanallur". The Hindu. 17 February 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009.

^ "Sangam civilisation older than thought, says new report". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 20 September 2019.

ISSN 0971-751X
. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

^ Rajan, K (2008), "Situating the Beginning of Early Historic Times in Tamil Nadu: Some Issues and Reflections", Social Scientist, 36 (1/2): 40–78

^ Mahadevan, Iravatham (2002). "Aryan or Dravidian or Neither? – A Study of Recent Attempts to Decipher the Indus Script (1995–2000)". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 8 (1). Archived from the original on 23 July 2007.

^
ISBN 978-1-119-05548-8
.

^ ^a ^b ^c K. Rajan (2014). Iron Age - Early Historic Transition in South India (PDF). Institute of Archaeology. p. 9.

^ "Chera Site Museum – Karur". Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

^ Marine archaeological explorations of Tranquebar-Poompuhar region on Tamil Nadu coast, Rao, S.R.. Journal of Marine Archaeology, Vol. II, July 1991. Available online at [1]

ISBN 978-90-272-3252-6
.

ISBN 978-0-674-01227-1
.

ISBN 978-81-322-3756-3
.

^ "Jaina treasure trove in Mankulam village - Today's Paper - The Hindu". The Hindu. 31 December 2008.

Tamil Virtual University
. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

^ "Protected Monuments in Tamil Nadu". Archaeological Survey of India. Retrieved 25 February 2014. S. No.8 — Ovamalai Kalvettu (inscriptions)

^ "Kovalanpottal". Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

^ "Korkai". Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

^ "Thenur gold treasure found four years ago is 2300 years' old, recent study reveals". The Times of India. 20 October 2013.

^ "Mangudi". Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

^ Mahadevan 2003, p. 48

^ K. Selvaraj, "Jambai oru aayvu", State Department of Archeology, Chennai

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

^ Tamil Inscriptions Archived 2013-01-17 at archive.today. Archaeologyindia.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.

^ ^a ^b "Tamil–Brahmi Script". Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

^ Subramaniam, T. S. (1 May 2006). "From Indus Valley to coastal Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.

^ "Sembiyankandiyur". Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

^ "Alagankulam". Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

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