Tamra
Tamra
| |
---|---|
Hebrew transcription(s) | |
• ISO 259 | Ṭámra, Támra |
Coordinates: 32°51′13″N 35°11′52″E / 32.85361°N 35.19778°E | |
Grid position | 169/250 PAL |
Country | Israel |
District | Northern |
City Status | 1996 |
Government | |
• Mayor | Mussa Abu Rumi (Islamic movement) - since 2024 |
Area | |
• Total | 29,259 dunams (29.259 km2 or 11.297 sq mi) |
Population (2022)[1] | |
• Total | 35,834 |
• Density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
Name meaning | from make a pit for storing corn[2] |
Tamra (
History
Tamra is an ancient village on a hill. Old squared stone blocks have been reused in village homes. Cisterns and tombs carved into rock have also been found here.[3]
It has been suggested that Tamra is identical to Kefar Tamartha, a Jewish village mentioned in the Talmud as the home of 3rd century amora Rabbi Shila of Kefar Tamarta.[4][5]
A church constructed in Tamra during the Byzantine era. It remained active through the Umayyad and Abbasid periods before it was finally abandoned. An inscription using the hijra calendar discovered on the church's floor can be dated to AD 725.[6]
Crusader period
In the 1253, during the
Mamluk period
The village from the Mamluk period seems to have persisted until the late 16th to early 17th centuries CE. Around this time, immigrants belonging to the Zu'abiyah clan settled in what is now known as Tamra, the place where their descendants reside to this day.[9]
Ottoman period
Tamra, was incorporated into the
In 1859 the British Consul Rogers estimated the population to be 1,200, all Muslims, and the cultivated area 80 feddans,[13] while Victor Guérin found it in 1875 to have 800 inhabitants, all Muslim.[14]
In 1881, the
A population list from about 1887 showed that Tamra had about 535 inhabitants, all Muslims.[15]
British Mandate
At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine Tamra had a population of 1,111, all Muslims,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 1,258, all Muslims, in a total of 282 houses.[17]
In the 1945 statistics, Tamra had 1,830 inhabitants, all Muslims,[18] while the total jurisdiction of the village was 30,559 dunams of land.[18][19] 1,564 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 14,434 dunams for cereals,[18][20] while 206 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[18][21]
State of Israel
Tamra was captured by Israeli forces from the
The city became famous for its large dairy factory named "Rajeb-Tamra", taking a certain portion of the dairy market in Israel, especially in the Arab sector.
Demographics
According to the
According to CBS, in 2001 there were 11,900 males and 11,400 females. The population of the city was spread out, with 48.5% 19 years of age or younger, 18.0% between 20 and 29, 19.7% between 30 and 44, 9.0% from 45 to 59, 1.6% from 60 to 64, and 3.0% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 3.3% and 2005 had dropped to 2.5%.[24]
The largest and most influential clan in Tamra is the Diab, which consists of several branches.
Income
According to CBS, as of 2000, in the city there were 3,908 salaried workers and 375 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is
Education
According to CBS, there are 13 schools and 5,779 students in the city. They are spread out as 9 elementary schools and 4000 elementary school students, and 3 high schools and 2,324 high school students. 54.6% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.
During the late 1990s sociologist As'ad Ghanem set up an NGO in Tamra. It was called Ibn Khaldun and campaigned for more Arab history to be taught in Israeli schools.[28]
Sports
The current football teams in the city are
Notable people
- Mohammed Awaed (born 1997), football player for Maccabi Haifa
- Yussef Diab (1917–1984), member of the Knesset
See also
References
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 117
- ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 664
- OCLC 695990313.
- ISBN 978-90-474-0027-1.
- ISSN 0081-8933.
- ^ Delaville Le Roulx, 1883, p. 184; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1888, pp. 309 -310; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 319, No. 1210
- al-Qalqashandiversion of the hudna, referred in Barag, 1979, p. 204, no. 20
- ISBN 978-90-04-30659-2, retrieved 2024-02-01
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 192
- ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the Safad register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 162
- ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 273
- ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 421-422
- ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 175
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 37
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 103
- ^ a b c d Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 5
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 41
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 81
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 131
- ^ Morris, 1987, p. 67
- ^ "Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 1,000 Residents and Other Rural Population" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ^ http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2007/table3.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Rosenfeld and Al-Haj 1990, p. 92.
- ^ Rosenfeld and Al-Haj 1990, pp. 91–96.
- ^ Rosenfeld and Al-Haj 1990, p. 93.
- Pappe, 2011, p. 219
Bibliography
- Barag, Dan (1979). "A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem". Israel Exploration Journal. 29: 197–217.
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Clermont-Ganneau, C.S. (1888). Recueil d'archéologie orientale (in French). Vol. 1. Paris.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
- Delaville Le Roulx, Joseph (1883). Les archives, la bibliothèque et le trésor de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem à Malte (in French and Latin). Paris: E. Leroux.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- ISBN 0-521-33028-9.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 978-0-300-13441-4.
- Rosenfeld, Henry; Al-Haj, Majid (1990). Arab Local Government in Israel. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-7761-7.
- Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University.
- Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
- Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
External links
- Official website (in Arabic)
- Welcome To Tamra
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Susan Nathan: An Israeli Jew in a Muslim town
- Municipality of Tamra (Israel) Flags of the World
- The Condition of the Palestinian Minority Exposed By New Book Reilly Vinall
- "Combining Empathy with Problem Solving: The Tamra Model of Facilitation in Israel" by Eileen F. Babbitt and Pamela Pomerance Steiner, with Jabir Asaqla, Chassia Chomsky-Porat, and Shirli Kirschner, Chapter 8 of 'Building Peace: Practical Reflections from the Field'