Tanais Tablets
The Tanais Tablets are two tablets from the city of
The tablets were discovered by Russian archaeologist Pavel Leontiev in 1853. Today, they are kept in the lapidary of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.[5] The tablets are considered important in early Croatian history.
Significance
Three male names are mentioned on the tablets: Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος).
Research history
The tablets were discovered by the Russian archeologist
In 1902, A. L. Pogodin was the first scholar to connect the tablets' personal names with Croatian ethonyms.
Theories that early Croats were Slavs who had adopted a name of Iranian origin or were ruled by a Sarmatian elite caste,[7] or theories that early Croats were Slavicized Sarmatians[7] cannot dismiss the remote Irano-Sarmatian elements or influence on the Croatian ethnogenesis.[17][10] Still, the secure connection of those three personal names with the Croatian ethnonym, or ethnic identity, is rather difficult without more evidence.[10]
Tanais Tablet A
Tablet A is the larger and older inscription, dated to 175–211 AD, and which originates from the time when the king
Greek original:
ΘΕΩι ΥΨΙΣΤΩι. ΆΓΑΘΗι ΤΥΧΗι.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΤΙΒ(ΕΡΙΟΥ) ΙΟΥΛ(ΙΟΥ) ΣΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ
ΦΙΛΟΚΑΙΣΑΡ[ΟΣ ΚΑ]Ι ΦΙΛΟ[Ρ]ΩΜΑΙΟΥ, ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ, Η ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ
Η ΠΕΡΙ Ι[ΕΡΕΑ ΙΟΥ)ΛΙΟΝ ΡΑΛΧΑΔΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΤΕΡΑ Σ[Υ]ΝΟΔΟΥ
ΧΟΡΟΥΑΘ[ΟΝ]-----Ο — ΚΑΙ ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΩΝ ΆΡΔΑ[ΡΑ] ΚΟΝ
[Σ]ΥΝΕΓΔΗΜ[ΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛ]ΑΓ[ΑΘ]ΟΝ ΔΙΑΙ[Ο]Ν ΚΕΡΔΩΝΑΚΟΥ (?) ΚΑΙ
[Π]ΑΡΑΦΙΛΑΓΑΘΟ[Ν]------ΙΟΝ ΦΟΡΓΑΒΑΚ[ΟΥ] ΚΑΙ [ΝΕΑ]ΝΙΣ-
[Κ]ΑΡΧΗΝ ΔΗΜΗΤ[ΡΙΟΝ ΑΠΟ]ΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΓΥΜ(Ν]ΑΣΙΑ[ΡΧΗΝ] ΒΑ -
[ΣΙ]ΛΕΙΔΗΝ ΘΕΟΝ[ΕΙΚ]Ο[Υ ΚΑΙ Α]ΤΤΑΝ ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΟΥ ΦΙΛΟ[Ν]? ΤΗΣ
[ΣΥ]ΝΟΔΟΥ [ΚΑΙ] ΟΙ ΛΟ[ΙΠΟ]Ι [ΘΙΑ]ΣΪΤΑΙ· ΆΡΔΑΡΑΚΟΣ ΖΙΑ---ΟΥ, ΔΗ[ΜΗΤ]ΡΙΟΣ------ΟΥ, ΛΕΙΜΑΝΟΣ ΦΙΔΑ,
[ΜΙ]ΔΑΧΟΣ?-------ΑΝΟΥ, Ά[ΣΚ]ΛΗΠΙΑΔΗΣ ΟΥΑΛΕ[Ρ]ΙΟΥ
. .Γ?ΟΔΑΝ[Ο]Σ [ΔΗΜΗΤ?]ΡΙΟΥ, [Μ]ΕΝΕΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ ΛΥΚΙΣ [ΚΟ]Υ --------ΙΚΑΧΟ[Υ], ΔΙΟΦΑΝΤ[ΟΣ] ΔΕΙΟΥ, ΠΟΠΛ[ΙΟ]Σ 15-----------ΔΑ, ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔ[ΗΣ] ΕΠΙΓΟΝΟΥ, ΊΑΡΔΟ---------------[Δ] ΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ, Α[Φ]ΡΟΔΕΙΣΙΟΣ ΧΡΥΣΕ-
[ΡΩΤΟΣ, ΦΑΛ]ΔΑ[ΡΑ]ΝΟΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ, ΦΙΛΙΠ-
[ΠΟΣ]------------ΝΟ[Υ], ΚΑΛΟΫΣ ΑΘΗΝΙΟΥ, ΚΟΦΑΡΝΟΣ --------------------------------[Τ]ΡΥΦΩΝ ΑΝΔΡΟΜ[ΕΝ]ΟΥΣ,20 Ο-------------------------ΧΟΡΟΑΘΟΥ, ΘΕΟΤΕΙΜΟΣ ΨΥΧΑ-
ΡΙΩΝ[ΟΣ]----------ΔΙΒΑΛΟΣ ΦΑΡ[ΝΑΚΟΥ], ΕΫΙΟΣ 'ΡΟ-
ΔΩΝ[ΟΣ, ΗΡΑ]ΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ "ΑΤΤ[Α----------------'ΑΡΙΣ]-
ΤΟΔ[ΗΜΟΥ, Σ]ΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ ΣΑ---------------
ΚΟΣ----------------------------
25 ΦΙΛΟ------------------------------
ΟΡΑΝΣ - - - [ΖΩΡΘΪ? ]ΝΟΣ ΒΕ [ ΛΛΙΚΟΥ?]------
'ΡΑΔΑΜ[ΕΙΣΤΟΣ?)------ΦΑΔΙΝΑ[ΜΟΥ]------
ΜΥΡ[ΩΝ? ]----------ΜΑΣΤΟΫ------------
ΠΟ------------ΟΣ ΆΡΔΑ[ΡΑΚΟΥ?]------
50 ΦΙΔ[Α]----------ΝΟΣ ΧΑΡΙ[ΤΩΝ--------:Α]-
ΡΑΘΙ--------------------------
ΈΝ Τ[Ωι-----ΕΤΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΜΗ]ΝΙ ΛΩ[Ωι]-----
English translation:
God the Supreme. May it be with fortune!
In the time of the reign of king
Tanais Tablet B
Tablet B is the smaller inscription, measuring 1.053 m × 0.71 m × 0.08 m (41.5 in × 28.0 in × 3.1 in) and dated to 220 AD (517 according to the
Greek original:
ΑΓΑΘΗΙ ΤΥΧΗΙ.
ΕΠΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙ ΡΗΣΚΟΥΠΟΡΙΔΙ, ΥΙΩ
ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ, ΚΑ[Ι]
ΖΗΝΩΝ ΦΑΝΝΕΩΣ ΠΡΕΣΒΕΥΤΗ ΒΑ-
ΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΡΗΣΚΟΥΠΟΡΙΔΟΣ, ΚΑΙ ΧΟ-
ΦΑΡΝΟΥ ΣΑΝΔΑΡΖΙΟΥ, ΒΑΒΟΣ ΒΑΙΟ-
ΡΑΣΠΟΥ, ΝΙΒΛΟΒΩΡΟΣ ΔΟΣΥΜΟΞΑΡ–
ΘΟΥ, ΧΟΡΟΑΘΟΣ ΣΑΝΔΑΡΖΙΟΥ ΑΡΧΟΝ–
ΤΕΣ ΤΑΝΑΕΙΤΩΝ, ΧΟΦΡΑΖΜΟΣ ΦΟΡΓΑ-
ΒΑΚΟΥ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΔΗΣ ΘΕΟΝΕΙΚΟΥ ΕΛ-
ΛΗΝΑΡΧΗΣ ΕΞΑΡΤΙΣΑΣ ΤΗΝ ΑΓΟΡΑΝ
ΕΚ ΤΩΝ ΙΔΙΩΝ ΑΝΑΛΩΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΠΕΚΑ–
ΤΕΣΤΗΣΑ ΤΗ ΠΟΛΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΙΣ ΕΜΠΟ-
ΡΟΙΣ ΔΙΑ ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΤΩΝ ΖΗΝΩΝΟΣ ΦΑ[Ν-
Ν]ΕΩΣ, ΦΑΡΝΟΞΑΡΘΟΥ ΤΑΥΡΕΟΥ,
ΦΑΛΔΑΡΑΝΟΥ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ
[ΑΡ]ΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΩΝ ΔΙΟΦΑΝΤΟΥ ΝΕ-
ΟΠΟΛΟΥ ΚΑ[Ι] ΑΥΡΗΛΙΟΥ ΑΝΤΩΝΕ[Ι]-
ΝΟΥ, ΝΑΥΑΚΟΣ ΜΕΥΑΚΟΥ.
EΝ ΤΩ ΖΙΦ'.
English translation:
May it be with fortune!
In the time of king
The year 517.
See also
- White Croats
- White Croatia
- Origin hypotheses of the Croats
- Etymology of the Croatian ethnonym
References
- ^ Škegro 2005, p. 15.
- ISBN 9004112316. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
- ^ Škegro 2005, p. 19-20.
- ^ a b c d Škegro 2005, p. 22.
- ^ a b Škegro 2005, p. 9.
- ^ a b c Škegro 2005, p. 25-27.
- ^ a b c d e Gluhak, Alemko (1990), Podrijetlo imena Hrvat [The origin of the ethnonym Hrvat] (in Croatian), Zagreb: Jezik (Croatian Philological Society), pp. 131–133
- ISBN 978-953-150-840-7
- ^ Škegro 2005, p. 10.
- ^ a b c Džino 2010, p. 21.
- ^ Škegro 2005, pp. 10–19.
- ^ a b Škegro 2005, p. 11.
- ^ Heršak & Nikšić 2007, p. 263.
- ^ Heršak & Lazanin 1999, p. 26.
- ^ Košćak 1995, p. 110.
- ^ Heršak & Nikšić 2007, p. 260.
- ^ Škegro 2005, p. 12.
- ^ a b Škegro 2005, p. 19.
- ^ a b c Škegro 2005, p. 20.
- ^ a b Škegro 2005, p. 21.
- ^ a b Škegro 2005, p. 23.
- ^ Škegro 2005, p. 24.
Sources
- Košćak, Vladimir (1995), "Iranska teorija o podrijetlu Hrvata" [Iranian theory on the origin of Croats], in Budak, Neven (ed.), Etnogeneza Hrvata [Ethnogenesis of Croats] (in Croatian), Matica Hrvatska, ISBN 953-6014-45-9
- Heršak, Emil; Lazanin, Sanja (1999), "Veze srednjoazijskih prostora s hrvatskim srednjovjekovljem" [Connections between Central Asia and Medieval Croatia], Migration and Ethnic Themes (in Croatian), 15 (1–2)
- Škegro, Ante (2005), "Two Public Inscriptions from the Greek Colony of Tanais at the Mouth of the Don River on the Sea of Azov", Review of Croatian History, 1 (1)
- Heršak, Emil; Nikšić, Boris (2007), "Hrvatska etnogeneza: pregled komponentnih etapa i interpretacija (s naglaskom na euroazijske/nomadske sadržaje)" [Croatian Ethnogenesis: A Review of Component Stages and Interpretations (with Emphasis on Eurasian/Nomadic Elements)], Migration and Ethnic Themes (in Croatian), 23 (3)
- Džino, Danijel (2010), Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia, ISBN 9789004186460
- N. Black Sea — Tanais — 173-211 AD — IosPE II 445
- N. Black Sea — Tanais — 220 AD — IosPE II 430