Tanga, Tanzania

Tanga Jiji la Tanga (Swahili)
Capital of Tanga Region
From top to bottom: Tanga city scape, Mosque in Sultan of Zanzibar in April 1891.

Tanga (Jiji la Tanga, in

Geography

Climate

Due to close proximity to the equator and the warm Indian Ocean, the city experiences tropical climatic conditions similar to all Tanzanian coastal cities. The city experiences hot and humid weather throughout much of the year and has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen: Aw). Annual rainfall is approximately 1,290 mm (51 in), and in a normal year there are two rainy seasons: "the long rains" in April and May and "the short rains" in November and December.^[2]

Economy

Major exports from the port of Tanga include sisal, coffee, tea, and cotton. Tanga is also an important railroad terminus, connecting much of the northern Tanzanian interior with the sea via the Tanzania Railways Corporation's Link Line and Central Line. Tanga is linked to the African Great Lakes region and the Tanzanian economic capital of Dar es Salaam. The city is served by Tanga Airport.The harbour and surrounding is the centre of life in Tanga. It has several markets in several neighbourhoods.Tanga Cement is one of the major industries.

Infrastructure

Air connectivity

Tanga has a small airport and is currently served by only three regional airlines, providing scheduled services to

Tanga city lies approximately 250 km from Chalinze on the A14 highway that runs from Chalinze to Mombasa. The town is 75 km away from Segera which is a junction linking the A14 and the B1. The B1 highway is a bypass that links Moshi and the northern corridor to Tanga.^[4]

Port of Tanga

The port is historically the oldest operating harbour in the nation and its roots date back to around the 6th century.

Tanga is the starting point of the narrow gauge northern railway network that ends in Arusha. Construction of this line was started in the 19th century by the Germans. In 2018, the Government of Tanzania invested 5.7 billion Tanzanian Shillings to rehabilitate the line. As of July 2019, diesel powered cargo trains are leaving Tanga Railway Station again and passenger transport between Tanga and Arusha is set to start in September 2019.^[8]

History

Early history

The first communities that called Tanga home were the Digo peoples and the Swahili states of the 11th to 16th Centuries. However, the earliest documentation about Tanga comes from the Portuguese. During their disruption of the previous trading links Tanga settlement remained a small trading post for the colonists during their occupation of the East African coast for 200 years between 1500 and 1700 when they were ousted .^[9] The Sultanate of Oman battled the Portuguese and gained control of the settlement by mid-1700 along with Mombasa, Pemba Island and Kilwa Kisiwani.^[10] The town continued to act as a trading port for ivory and slaves under the sultan's rule.^[11] Tanga continued to be a prosperous trading hub for slaves with the Arab world up until 1873 when the European powers invaded and occupied thus abolishing the slave trade that was no longer serving the colonial powers.^[10]

Tanga under German East Africa

In the 19th Century, growing interests by Europeans for the

Tanga was chosen in 1889 as a military post of German East Africa, and it became a district office in 1891. The town saw rapid expansion and planned growth under the German occupation. A tram line was built in the city for domestic transport and a port was also built for exports. In 1896 the construction of the Usambara Railway began and was extended to Moshi by 1912. Roads, bridges and the railway enabled industrial growth in the region and many buildings and bridges that are still in operation today in the town are from the German colonial period. The local economy was based mainly on the production of sisal, which had been brought to the colony several years earlier, and population in the area grew rapidly.^[13]

Tanga under British occupation

As the coastal town closest to British East Africa, Tanga was on the front line of the East African campaign at the beginning of World War I. On 4 November 1914 a landing by British and Empire forces was repelled in the Battle of Tanga.^[14] On 13 June 1916 the Royal Navy battleship HMS Vengeance and protected cruisers Challenger and Pioneer bombarded Tanga. On 7 July the protected cruiser HMS Talbot and monitor Severn entered Manza Bay^[15] and put troops ashore who occupied the town.^[16] After the War, Britain gained control of Tanganyika and continued to develop Tanga and exploit its agricultural potential. In 1919 Tanga was the country's fourth largest city, but at independence it was the second largest city after Dar es Salaam.

Post-independence

In the early stages of independence, the Port of Tanga continued to be a gateway for the export of sisal from the region. However, following the adopting of the Ujamaa policy, global prices in sisal dwindling, the production that served the city's factories closed and the city lost its main source of income. With the government controlling the agriculture trade and the depreciation in the world prices of sisal the port began to lose revenue.^[17]

Healthcare

Tanga city medical institutions include:

• Bombo Regional Hospital
• National Institute of Medical Research Centre, Tanga
• Amani Biomedical Research Laboratory
• Tanga AIDS Working Group

Tourist sites

Nearby tourist attractions include

• 
  Amboni Caves
• 
  Toten Island
• 
  Tongoni Ruins
• 
  Magoroto lake near Tanga.

Sport

Tanga is represented in the Tanzanian Premier League by football clubs Coastal Union, JKT Mgambo, and African Sports (Wana Kimanumanu) from the 2015–2016 season.

Twin towns – sister cities

Tanga is twinned with:

• Eckernförde, Germany (1963)^[18]
• Kemi, Finland (2007)^[19]
• Tifariti, Western Sahara^{[citation needed]}
• Toledo, United States (2001)^[20]

Gallery

• 
  A roundabout in the city centre, 2003.
• 
  The German built cliff block at the Bombo Hospital.
• 
  A mosque in Ngamiani.
• 
  The Tanga Public Library.
• 
  A sunset in Tanga Bay.
• 
  Tanga Railway Station.
• 
  Urithi Tanga Museum, the Old German Boma.

See also

• Historic Swahili Settlements

References